1,720,992 research outputs found
Transarterial chemoembolisation and combined therapy
No full textIn Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) is the most widely used loco-regional treatment not only in the intermediate stage, but often also in early or advanced disease (“treatment stage migration”), but is the least standardised, both in terms of indication and techniques. The rationale for the efficacy of transarterial therapies is that the vascularisation of HCC is, for the most part, dependent on the hepatic artery.
Conventional TACE (cTACE) consists of the intra-arterial administration of a chemotherapeutic drug emulsified with Lipiodol followed by embolisation of the tumor-feeding vessels with an embolic agent (most commonly gel foam particles).
Drug-eluting bead-TACE (DEB-TACE) in progressively challenging cTACE; DEB-TACE is supposed to maximise the concentration of a cytotoxic drug at the tumour level, with a slower release of the drug into tumour and minimal systemic exposure. Beads, along with their embolic properties, segregate the chemotherapeutic agent and release it over a one-week period. At present, data from the literature do not confirm the superiority of DEB-TACE over cTACE in terms of patient survival, tumour response and safety, and the choice is therefore left to the operator. Several cytotoxic drugs are administrated in both conventional and DEB-TACE. The most widely used is doxorubicin, with no evidence of its superiority over other chemotherapeutics.
Transarterial embolisation (TAE) consists of a embolisation of a tumour-feeding arteries with embolic agents without adding any chemotherapeutic drugs. To date, the relative effectiveness of TACE over TAE has not been established in randomised trials.
Combined treatment (radiofrequency ablation (RFA) plus TACE) is safe and effective for the treatment of unresectable patients with early/intermediate HCC exceeding 3 cm in size.
Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) is frequently adopted for the treatment of locally advanced HCC in Japan, based on reports of high response rates and favourable long-term outcomes. Firm evidence of the superiority of one over the other has not yet been established. In the future, a demonstration of the survival advantage of HAIC over systemic therapies and the recognition of HAIC as one of the standards treatmens for patients with advanced HCC are expected.
In intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), hepatic arterial therapy (HAT) seems to be a promising strategy for improving outcomes in patients with unresectable ICC. The best outcomes in termas of response and OS are reported by HAIC even it is associated with increased toxicity. Targeted treatment strategy based on patient-disease characteristic is a goal for future research.
In liver metastases, liver-directed therapies have become common due to the increased complexity of hepatic surgery. Intra-arterial treatment options include TACE, TAE, HAIC and ablative techniques, such as microwave irradiation (MWI) or RF ablation. The evidence supports their use to provide salvage options when first-line treatment has failed. Although these treatments have been applied without high-level clinical evidance, they have allowed tailoring the clinical approach to the individual based on disease status and clinical condition.
In patients with well-differentiated unresectable hypervascular neuroendocrine tumour (NET) liver metastases, TAE, TACE and selective transarterial radioembolisation (TARE) are the preferred choices among other treatment modalities. Transarterial embolisation and TACE generally achieve average symptomatic, biological and radiological responces of 75%, 56% and 50%, respectively with a progression-free survival of 12-18 months, with acceptable tolerance
Adjuvant beverage - Valutazione della distensione intestinale, preliminare alla Entero-RM, mediante un prodotto naturale
No full textBevanda naturale per Entero-RM per pazienti con patologie dell’intestino tenue mesenterial
Performance of Capsule Endoscopy and Cross-Sectional Techniques in Detecting Small Bowel Lesions in Patients with Crohn’s Disease
Full text linkBackground: Crohn’s disease (CD) can be classified according to endoscopic and cross-sectional imaging characteristics. Information regarding disease extent and phenotype may be provided by advanced endoscopic and imaging techniques. In this study, we compare the ability of capsule endoscopy (CE) and cross-sectional imaging techniques (CST) (MRE/Computer Tomography Enteroscopy [CTE]) in detecting small bowel (SB) lesions.
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 102 patients with a diagnosis of CD who underwent both CE and CST. Only patients with at least a 12-month follow-up after CE were included.
Results: Sensitivity and specificity for the detection of SB lesions were, respectively, 100% and 83.3% for CE, 55.1% and 80% for CTE, and 60% and 82.3% for MRE. CE detected proximal CD lesions in 73% of patients, whereas MRE and CTE detected proximal lesions in 41% and 16% of
patients, respectively (P < 0.001). Positive findings on CE led to management changes in all patients, in a median follow-up period of 58.7 months. During the follow-up period, 26.5% of patients underwent surgery. Multivariate analysis revealed that moderate-to-severe disease at CE was independently correlated with surgery (P = 0.03).
Conclusions: CE has a superior sensitivity for detecting CD lesions in the proximal and medium SB compared with CST. In the terminal ileum, MRE and CTE displayed similar performance to CE
Correction to: Application of the Intermediate-Stage Subclassification to Patients With Untreated Hepatocellular Carcinoma (The American Journal of Gastroenterology, (2016), 111, 1, (70-77), 10.1038/ajg.2015.389)
No full textIn the Italian Liver Cancer (ITA.LI.CA) Group, contributor name Alberta Capelli is misspelled and should be corrected to Alberta Cappelli
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Correction to: Application of the Intermediate-Stage Subclassification to Patients With Untreated Hepatocellular Carcinoma (The American Journal of Gastroenterology, (2016), 111, 1, (70-77), 10.1038/ajg.2015.389)
No full textIn the Italian Liver Cancer (ITA.LI.CA) Group, contributor name Alberta Capelli is misspelled and should be corrected to Alberta Cappelli
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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