5,389 research outputs found
What the European and American welfare states have in common and where they differ: Facts and fiction in comparisons of the European social model and the United States
No full textThis paper examines to what extent the classification of the American welfare state as "residual" squares with the empirical facts. Section I describes key features of American social policy developments. The U.S. system is clearly dominated by public provisions for welfare among which social insurance programs, especially Social Security and Medicare, represent the lion's share, and public pensions are more universal, redistributive, and generous than in some European countries. Noteworthy differences remain with respect to the stronger reliance on private provisions in pensions and health, the emphasis on work-conditioned benefits and a greater importance of selective schemes. The terms "work-conditioned welfare" or "corporate citizenship" adequately capture these key features by highlighting that employers are gatekeepers of social entitlements. Section II examines if key features of the American welfare state have recently become more prominent in Europe. A slight approximation to the American model is found with respect to a growing importance of private expenditure for pensions and health, but not with respect to a greater selectivity of benefits. On the level of policy discourse, the idée directrice of European social policies is changing from social protection to activation, as three traditionally American elements have come to prominence: an emphasis on individual responsibility, on the private supply of services and more consumer choice, and on the activation of people at working age. Yet there is no general convergence towards the American model, because the United States is approximating Europe with respect to health insurance while public attitudes are shifting in favour of extended state responsibilities. Hence there is a complex pattern of specific policy learning rather than convergence towards one model of social policy. In sum, similarities between social policies in Europe and America are found to be more noteworthy than the term "residual welfare state" for the U.S. suggests. --
Recommended from our members
United States Bureau of Mines Reports
No full textReport issued by the U.S. Bureau of Mines discussing the recent supply and demand of fuels. As stated by the author, "my purpose in this address is to review the changes in fuel supply and demand since 1937 and to give you my views on the outlook for the future" (p. 1). This report includes tables, and illustrations
Declaration of Intention of Jacob Alber
No full textDeclaration of Intention to become a citizen of the United States, as filled out and signed by:
Jacob Alber
Country of Origin: Germany
Applicant age: 27
Occupation: Unknown
Date of Birth: Unknown
Sailed to the US aboard the vessel: Unknown
City of residence at time of declaration: Unknown
Declaration submitted and sworn on date:
9 December 187
Naturalization Records of Petitioner Jakob Alber
No full textNaturalization records to become a citizen of the United States, as filled out and signed by:
Jakob Alber
Country of origin: Germany
Age of petitioner: Unknown
Occupation: Unknown
City of residence at time of petition: Unknown
Date petition filed: 13 December 1881
Name of witness: Charles Kroeke
List of Bureau of Mines publications and articles, January 1, 1965, to December 31, 1969, with subject and author index
No full text"This compilation supplements the 50-year list of Bureau publications issued from July 1, 1910, to January 1, 1960; the 50-year list of articles by Bureau authors published outside the Bureau from July 1, 1910, to January 1, 1960; and the 5-year list of Bureau publications and articles published from January 1, 1960, to December 31, 1964. It includes all the material in the four annual lists of Bureau publications and articles for January 1, 1965, to December 31, 1968, as well as the Bureau publications and articles for 1969. More than 2,500 publications by Bureau authors published in the regular Bureau of Mines series, in scientific, technical, or trade journals, or in other media are listed and summarized; those available from the Bureau of Mines are indicated. Libraries which maintain files of Bureau publications are listed. Cooperative publications issued by organizations with which the Bureau conducted joint research are described. Patents issued to Bureau personnel are also listed, and instructions are given on how to apply for permission to use them. One of the outstanding features of this special publication is an exhaustive subject and author index." - NIOSHTIC-2NIOSHTIC no. 1000888
- …
