9 research outputs found
Core Self-Evaluations and Self-Leadership: Exploring Their Interplay and Impact : A Hidden Driver of Job Satisfaction?
No full textSammanfattning Titel: Core Self-Evaluations and Self-Leadership: Exploring Their Interplay and Impact Nivå: Examensarbete på grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i ämnet företagsekonomi Författare: Layth Amer & Hugo Kark Handledare: Emilia Kvarnström Datum: Maj - 2025 Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur Core Self-Evaluation (CSE) och självledarskap korrelerar, samt om och hur dessa faktorer, korrelerar med arbetstillfredsställelse bland medarbetare i det svenska arbetslivet. Metod: Studien bygger på en kvantitativ metod i form av en enkätundersökning som distribuerades via sociala medier och riktade sig till medarbetare i svenskt arbetsliv. Svar analyserades med hjälp av korrelationsanalys, ANOVA och regressionsanalys i statistikprogrammet JASP. Svar analyserades med statistikprogrammet JASP. Resultat och slutsats: Studien visar att högre nivåer av CSE hänger ihop med högre självledarskap, och att självledarskap i sin tur har ett svagt men positivt samband med arbetstillfredsställelse, medan CSE oväntat korrelerar negativt med arbetstillfredsställelse. Yngre deltagare hade högre CSE än äldre, men åldersskillnader sågs inte för självledarskap eller arbetstillfredsställelse, och av CSE-komponenterna var det främst självkänsla som drev sambandet med självledarskap. Svar analyserades med statistikprogrammet JASP. Examensarbetets bidrag: Studien integrerar teorier om CSE och självledarskap samt bidrar med nya insikter om deras gemensamma betydelse för arbetstillfredsställelse. Resultaten har praktisk relevans för organisationer som vill stärka medarbetares motivation och välmående. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Framtida studier bör omfatta fler äldre respondenter och gärna ha longitudinell design för att undersöka utveckling över tid och i olika karriärfaser. Nyckelord: Självledarskap, Core self-evaluations (CSE), arbetstillfredsställelse.Abstract Title: Core Self-Evaluations and Self-Leadership: Exploring Their Interplay and Impact Level: Bachelor's Thesis in Business Administration Author: Layth Amer & Hugo Kark Supervisor: Emilia Kvarnström Date: May 2025 Aim: The aim of the study is to examine how Core Self-Evaluations (CSE) and self-leadership correlate, and whether and how these factors predict perceived job satisfaction among Swedish employees at work. Method: The study employed a quantitative design using a survey distributed via social media targeting employees in the Swedish workforce. Responses were analyzed with correlation analysis, ANOVA, and regression analysis in the statistical software JASP. Results and conclusions: The study shows that higher levels of CSE are linked to greater self-leadership, and that self-leadership in turn has a weak but positive relationship with job satisfaction, whereas CSE unexpectedly correlates negatively with job satisfaction. Younger participants exhibited higher CSE than older ones, but no age differences were observed for self-leadership or job satisfaction, and among the CSE components it was mostly self-esteem that drove the connection with self-leadership. Responses were analyzed using the statistical software JASP. Contribution of the thesis: This thesis provides an integrated understanding of how CSE and self-leadership interact and influence job satisfaction. By combining these concepts into a unified model, the study addresses previously identified research gaps and offers practical implications for organizations aiming to promote employee well-being and motivation. Suggestions for future research: Future studies should include a larger proportion of older respondents and ideally use a longitudinal design to examine development over time and across different career stages. Key words: Self-leadership, Core self-evaluation, job satisfaction.
Core Self-Evaluations and Self-Leadership: Exploring Their Interplay and Impact : A Hidden Driver of Job Satisfaction?
No full textSammanfattning Titel: Core Self-Evaluations and Self-Leadership: Exploring Their Interplay and Impact Nivå: Examensarbete på grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i ämnet företagsekonomi Författare: Layth Amer & Hugo Kark Handledare: Emilia Kvarnström Datum: Maj - 2025 Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur Core Self-Evaluation (CSE) och självledarskap korrelerar, samt om och hur dessa faktorer, korrelerar med arbetstillfredsställelse bland medarbetare i det svenska arbetslivet. Metod: Studien bygger på en kvantitativ metod i form av en enkätundersökning som distribuerades via sociala medier och riktade sig till medarbetare i svenskt arbetsliv. Svar analyserades med hjälp av korrelationsanalys, ANOVA och regressionsanalys i statistikprogrammet JASP. Svar analyserades med statistikprogrammet JASP. Resultat och slutsats: Studien visar att högre nivåer av CSE hänger ihop med högre självledarskap, och att självledarskap i sin tur har ett svagt men positivt samband med arbetstillfredsställelse, medan CSE oväntat korrelerar negativt med arbetstillfredsställelse. Yngre deltagare hade högre CSE än äldre, men åldersskillnader sågs inte för självledarskap eller arbetstillfredsställelse, och av CSE-komponenterna var det främst självkänsla som drev sambandet med självledarskap. Svar analyserades med statistikprogrammet JASP. Examensarbetets bidrag: Studien integrerar teorier om CSE och självledarskap samt bidrar med nya insikter om deras gemensamma betydelse för arbetstillfredsställelse. Resultaten har praktisk relevans för organisationer som vill stärka medarbetares motivation och välmående. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Framtida studier bör omfatta fler äldre respondenter och gärna ha longitudinell design för att undersöka utveckling över tid och i olika karriärfaser. Nyckelord: Självledarskap, Core self-evaluations (CSE), arbetstillfredsställelse.Abstract Title: Core Self-Evaluations and Self-Leadership: Exploring Their Interplay and Impact Level: Bachelor's Thesis in Business Administration Author: Layth Amer & Hugo Kark Supervisor: Emilia Kvarnström Date: May 2025 Aim: The aim of the study is to examine how Core Self-Evaluations (CSE) and self-leadership correlate, and whether and how these factors predict perceived job satisfaction among Swedish employees at work. Method: The study employed a quantitative design using a survey distributed via social media targeting employees in the Swedish workforce. Responses were analyzed with correlation analysis, ANOVA, and regression analysis in the statistical software JASP. Results and conclusions: The study shows that higher levels of CSE are linked to greater self-leadership, and that self-leadership in turn has a weak but positive relationship with job satisfaction, whereas CSE unexpectedly correlates negatively with job satisfaction. Younger participants exhibited higher CSE than older ones, but no age differences were observed for self-leadership or job satisfaction, and among the CSE components it was mostly self-esteem that drove the connection with self-leadership. Responses were analyzed using the statistical software JASP. Contribution of the thesis: This thesis provides an integrated understanding of how CSE and self-leadership interact and influence job satisfaction. By combining these concepts into a unified model, the study addresses previously identified research gaps and offers practical implications for organizations aiming to promote employee well-being and motivation. Suggestions for future research: Future studies should include a larger proportion of older respondents and ideally use a longitudinal design to examine development over time and across different career stages. Key words: Self-leadership, Core self-evaluation, job satisfaction.
First case of chronic cell leukemia discovered incidentally in extra-saccular inguinal lymph node during laparoscopic bilateral inguinal hernia repair : Case report and literature review
No full textIntroduction: Chronic cell leukemia discovered incidentally in extra-saccular inguinal lymph node during laparoscopic bilateral inguinal hernia repair is extremely rare. Presentation of case: 62-year-old Romanian male presented at the outpatient general surgery clinic in April 2019 complaining of bilateral inguinal swelling that gradually increased in size mainly on right side and was diagnosed with bilateral inguinal hernia. During the laparoscopic repair of the hernia, a large lymph node in the left femoral canal was incidentally observed. Histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and flowcytometric evaluation of the excised specimen confirmed chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma. Discussion: Whole body CT showed supra and infra-diaphragmatic lymphadenopathy, and few small subsolid pulmonary nodules, possibly metastatic. Splenomegaly and pancreatomegaly were also noted, suggesting lymphomatoid infiltration. Conclusion: There is need for cautious inspection and meticulous palpation of the inguinal area for any lymphadenopathy during routine inguinal hernia repair.CC BY-NC-ND 4.0© 2021 The AuthorsCorresponding author at: Department of Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar. E-mail address: [email protected] (W. El Ansari). </p
Critical edition of the chapter Al-Nawazil in the book "Kitab al-Hiyal" by Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi
No full textEbû'l-Leys es-Semerkandî'nin (d. 373/983) kaleme aldığı en-Nevâzil adlı eser, İslam Hukuku alanında önemli bir konuma sahiptir. Bu eser hicrî üçüncü ve dördüncü yüzyılda yaşamış Belhli ve Semerkandlı Hanefi fakihlerin görüşlerini içeren bir derlemedir. Ancak ifade edilmelidir ki bu görüşler Hanefî ekolün fıkhî görüşlerini yansıtan temel Hanefî hukuk literatüründe yer almamaktadır. Semerkandî bu eserinde Horasan ve Türkistan bölgesinden altı Hanefî fakihin görüşlerine yer vermiştir. Bu eserde ?Kitâbü'l-Hiyel? babı da mevcut olup iki yüz kırk mesele ele alınmıştır. Bu çalışma iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde müellifin hayatından, hocalarından, öğrencilerinden, eserlerinden ve içinde yaşadığı sosyo-politik çevreden bahsedilmiştir. Ayrıca bu bölümde genel anlamda ?hiyel ilmi?nden söz edilmiştir. İkinci bölümde ise, ?Kitâbü'l-Hiyel ve'l-Mehâric? babının edisyon kritiği sunulmuştur. Metin, Süleymaniye Kütüphanesi'nde bulunan iki nüshası karşılaştırılmak sureti ile oluşturulmuştur. Eserde geçen İslam Hukuku terimleri ve şahıs isimleri hakkında dipnotlarda açıklamalarda bulunulmuştur. Ayrıca esere ve yazarına sonraki dönem Hanefî literatürde yapılan atıflara işaret edilmiştir.The book al-Naw?zil by Ab? al-Layth al-Samarqand? (d. 373/983) is regarded as one of the most important books in the field of Islamic Jurisprudence. This work is a compilation that involves the legal opinions issued by the experts of Islamic Jurisprudence of Balkh and Samarqand in the third and fourth centuries A.H. But one should point out that these opinions do not occur in the major reference books of the Hanafite School of law. Al-Samarqand? included in this compilation the opinions of six distinguished Hanafite scholars from the regions of Khurasan and Turkistan. This book contains a chapter called ?Kit?b al-Hiyal wa al-Makh?rij?, i.e., the Book of Circumventions, in which two-hundred and forty legal issues are discussed. This study is composed of two chapters. In the first, I spoke of the biography of the author, including his teachers, his students, his works as well as the socio-political upsetting in which he was born and raised. In this chapter, I also talked of the science of circumvention in general terms. In the second chapter, I provided a critical edition of the text of the chapter ?Kit?b al-Hiyal?. I tried to restructure the text by comparing its two manuscripts existing in the Süleymaniye Library in Istanbul. I added some useful explanations on Islamic legal terms in footnotes, providing biographical information about the scholars occurring in the text. I also pointed to the credits given to the book and its author in the later Hanafite literature
Benefits of Exercise Training For Computer-Based Staff: A Meta Analyses
No full textBackground: Office workers sit down to work for approximately 8 hours a day and, as a result, many of them do not have enough time for any form of physical exercise. This can lead to musculoskeletal discomforts, especially low back pain and recently, many researchers focused on home/office-based exercise training for prevention/treatment of low back pain among this population. Objective: This Meta analyses paper tried to discuss about the latest suggested exercises for the office workers based on the mechanisms and theories behind low back pain among office workers. Method: In this Meta analyses the author tried to collect relevant papers which were published previously on the subject. Google Scholar, Scopus, and PubMed were used as sources to find the articles. Only articles that were published using the same methodology, including office workers, musculoskeletal discomforts, low back pain, and exercise training keywords, were selected. Studies that failed to report sufficient sample statistics, or lacked a substantial review of past academic scholarship and/or clear methodologies, were excluded. Results: Limited evidence regarding the prevention of, and treatment methods for, musculoskeletal discomfort, especially those in the low back, among office workers, is available. The findings showed that training exercises had a significant effect (p<0.05) on low back pain discomfort scores and decreased pain levels in response to office-based exercise training. Conclusion: Office-based exercise training can affect pain/discomfort scores among office workers through positive effects on flexibility and strength of muscles. As such, it should be suggested to occupational therapists as a practical way for the treatment/prevention of low back pain among office workers. </jats:p
Tercüme-i tefsir-i ebu‟l-leys es-semerkandî : rahmân, vâkıa, hadîd, mücâdile ve haşr sureleri (inceleme-metin-dizin-tıpkıbasım)
No full textEski Anadolu Türkçesi, Türklerin XI-XIII. yüzyıllarda Anadolu’ya göç ederek oluşturdukları ve XIII-XV. yüzyıllarda biçimlendirdikleri yazı dilidir. Bu dönemde Kur’ân tercüme ve tefsirleri başta olmak üzere pek çok dinî metin telif ve tercüme edilmiştir. Bu tefsirlerin esin kaynağı ise Ebu’l-Leys es-Semerkandî tefsiri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Üzerinde çalıştığımız eser, Ebu’l-Leys es-Semerkandî tefsirinin Türkçe’ye tercümesidir. Bu çalışmada, Süleymaniye Kütüphanesi Nuruosmaniye Koleksiyonu 140-143 numarada kayıtlı olan eserin, 143 numaralı cildinin 153b/ 182a varakları arasında yer alan Rahmân, Vâkıa, Hadîd, Mücâdile ve Haşr surelerinin tefsirleri dil hususiyetleri açısından incelenmiştir. XV. yüzyılda kaleme alınan ve Eski Anadolu Türkçesi dönemini yansıtan bu eserin istinsah tarihi H 1024-1026 (M 1615-1617) olarak kaydedilmiştir. Müstensihi ise İbrahim bin Yûsuf’tur. Çalışmamız inceleme, metin, dizin ve tıpkıbasım olmak üzere dört bölümden oluşmaktadır. İnceleme bölümünde Türklerin Kur’ân tercüme ve tefsir faaliyetlerine, Ebu’l-Leys es-Semerkandî tefsirinin önemine, bu tefsirin tercümesinin atfedildiği müelliflere, tefsir tercümesinin kime ait olduğuna ve incelenen nüshanın tavsifine yer verilmiştir. Eser ve müellifine dair bilgilerin verildiği bu kısımda incelenen metnin fonetik ve morfolojik özellikleri üzerinde durulmuş, üslup özellikleri ve söz varlığına dair birtakım tespitlerde bulunulmuştur. Metin bölümünde eserin 143 numaralı cildinin 153b/ 182a varakları arasında yer alan sureler, çevriyazıya aktarılmış; ayetler ve hadisler, Arap harfli şekilleri ile birlikte gösterilmiştir. Dizin bölümünde ise metinde geçen tüm kelimeler, metindeki anlamları ile birlikte verilmiş, deyimleşmiş ifadeler anlamları verilmek suretiyle ayrı bir alt başlıkta gösterilmiştir. Bu bölümde ayrıca alıntı ögelerin hangi dile ait oldukları belirtilmiş, ses değişimine uğramış kelimeler karşılaştırılmıştır. Tıpkıbasım bölümünde üzerinde çalıştığımız nüshanın tıpkıbasımı yer almaktadır. Kuran tercüme ve tefsirleri, Türkçenin tarihî seyrini takip etmemizi sağlayan, sözlük bilimi ve söz dizimi açısından son derece önemli vesikalardır. Rivayetlerle zenginleştirilen bu tefsir metni, Türk dili açısından oldukça kıymetli bir eserdir. Kur’ân-ı Kerîm, Tefsir, Eski Anadolu Türkçesi, Ebu’l-Leys es-SemerkandîOld Anatolian Turkish is a written language that Turkish people created after having migrated to Anatolia in the XI-XIII centuries and put it into form in the XIII-XV centuries. In this period so many religious books were translated and especially the translations and the interpretations of the Qur’ân were done. The main inspiration of these translations is seen as the translation of Abu’l-Layth al-Samarkandi. The work that we studied on is the translation of Abu’l-Layth al-Samarkandi into Turkish. In this study the translations of Rahmân, Vâkıa, Hadîd, Mücâdile and Haşr Suras that appear in 153b/ 182a leaves of the 143th volume of the work registered in 140-143 numbers of Nuruosmaniye Collection of Süleymaniye Library were analysed in terms of language properties. The copy date of this work, which was written in XV century and reflected the period of the old Anatolian Turkish was recorded as 1024-1026 years according to the muslim’s calendar. The translator is İbrahim bin Yûsuf. Our study consists of four sections including analysis, text, index and facsimile. The analysis section includes the actions of Turkish people for the translation and interpretation of Qur’ân, the importance of the interpretation of Abu’l-Layth al-Samarkandi the authors to whom this interpretation was attributed, whom the translation of the interpretation belonged to and the description of the copy reviewed. In this section in which the information about the work and its author were given, the phonetics and morphology properties of the given text were focused on and some findings about the vocabulary were determined. In the text section Suras that appear in 153b/ 182a leaves of the 143th volume of the work were turned into translation and the Verses and the Hadiths were shown with their Arabic scripts. In the index section all the words in the text were given with their contextual meanings and the idioms were shown under a different title with their meanings. In addition, which language the words belonged to was determined and the words that had the phonetic change were compared in this section The facsimile section consists of the facsimile of the copy that we studied on. The translations and the interpretations of Qur’ân are extremely important documents that enable us to follow the historical route of Turkish in terms of lexicology and syntax. This work, which was enhanced with rumours, is a very valuable work in terms of Turkish language. KEY WORDS: Qur’ân, Interpretation, Old Anatolian Turkish, Abu’l-Layth al-Samarkand
Musa al-İzniki's method in his tafsir called Anfas al-Jawa?hir
No full textOsmanlı Devleti, edebiyatta, tarihte, bilimde, sanatta olduğu gibi dinî ilimler sahasında da geride büyük bir kültür mirası bırakmıştır. Bu kültürel miras çok ciddi çalışma ve araştırma gerektirecek ölçüde zengin bir birikime sahiptir. Osmanlı'nın zengin kültür mirası içerisinde te'lif, tercüme, hâşiye, şerh ve ta'lîkât çalışmaları ile tefsir faaliyetleri önemli boyutta yerini almaktadır. Osmanlı'nın ilk dönemlerinde tefsir çalışmalarının temellerini oluşturan te'lif ve tercüme pek çok eserin kaleme alınması söz konusudur. Tez çalışmasında, Enfesü'l-cevâhir adlı eserin tefsir yöntemi açısından incelenmesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu eser Osmanlı Devleti'nin ilk dönemlerinde Eski Anadolu Türkçesi ile kaleme alınmıştır. Kütüphanelerde eserin pek çok nüshası ve varyantları bulunmaktadır. Eserin müellifi ve muhtevası hakkında çeşitli varsayımda bulunulmuş, birbirinden farklı düşünceler ortaya konulmuştur. Eser Ebü'l-Leys es-Semerkandî'nin (ö. 373/983) tefsir eserinin tercümesi olarak Ahmed-i Dâî (ö. 820/1421), Mûsâ İznikî (ö.850/1446) ve İbn Arabşâh'a (ö. 854/1450) atfedilmiş; bunun yanında Mûsâ İznikî'ye ait Hâzin el-Bağdâdî'nin (ö. 741/1341) Lübâbü't-te'vîl fî ma?âni't-tenzîl eserinin tercümesi olduğu da öne sürülmüştür. Araştırmada Yazma Eser Kütüphanelerinde bulunan nüshalara ulaşılarak ilk önce Enfesü'l-cevâhir'in müellifi hakkında araştırma ve tetkikler yapılmıştır. Bunun sonucunda eserin müellifinin Mûsâ İznikî olduğunu ortaya koyan çalışmalar tespit edilmiştir. Sonrasında muhtevası ve metodu üzerinde incelemeler yapılarak eserin te'lif mi yoksa farklı bir eserin tercümesi mi olduğu konusu belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu değerlendirmeler sonrasında da Enfesü'l-cevâhir'in Ebü'l-Leys es-Semerkandî'nin tefsirini temel kaynak alarak oluşturulmuş te'lif bir eser olduğu müşahede edilmiştir. Bu açıdan eser oluşturulurken istifade edilen kaynakların, eserin tefsir ilminde meydana getirdiği tesirlerin, eserde yer alan Kur'ân ilimleri bilgilerinin ve eserin rivâyet ve dirâyet açısından tefsir metodunun incelenmesi yapılmıştır. Çalışmada, Yazma Eser Kütüphanelerinden, yazmalar.gov. waqfeya.gov. internet adreslerinden ve Şâmile programından kaynak tespiti yapılmıştır. İSAM ve Yöktez internet tarayıcılarından tez ve makale temini sağlanarak gereken dökümanlar elde edilmiştir.The Ottoman Empire left behind a significant cultural legacy with its work in the fields of science, history, literature, art and religious sciences. This cultural heritage has a rich accumulation that requires serious study and research. Within the rich cultural accumulation, ta'lif, translation, annotation and commentary studies and tafsir activities are also important. In the early period of the Ottoman Empire, the writing of ta'lif and translation Works, which formed the basis of tafsir studies, was mentioned. In our thesis study, the work called Anfas al-Jawa?hir which was written in Old Anatolian Turkish in the first period of the Ottoman Empire, was examined in terms of the tasfir method. Various assumptions have been made about the author and content of the work, which has many copies and variants in our libraries, and different ideas have been put forward. The work, called the Translation of the Tafsi?r of Abu? al-Layth Samarqandi?, was attributed to Ahmad-i Dai (d. 820/1421), Musa al-Izniki (d.850/1446), and Ibn Arabshah (d. 854/1450); In addition, it has been suggested that it is a translation of Kha?zin al-Baghda?di? Luba?b al-ta?wi?l fi? ma?a?ni? al-tanzi?l by M. Izniki. In our research, the copies found in the manuscript libraries were determined. First of all, research and examinations were made about the author of Anfas al-Jawa?hir and it was determined by studies that the author of the work was Musa al-Iznikî. Then, the content and method of the work were examined and it was tried to determine whether it was ta'lif or a translation of a different work. As a result, it was observed that Anfas al-Jawa?hir was a work of ta'lif based on the Tafsir of Abu? al-Layth al-Samarqandi?, In this respect, the sources used while creating the work, the effects of the work on the science of tafsir, the Qur'anic sciences in the work and the tafsir method of the work in terms of narration and wisdom were examined. In the study source identificaiton has been conducted from manuscript libraries, yazmalar.com., waqfeya.gov. internet adresses and Şamile program. Theses and articles were obtained from İSAM and YÖKTEZ internet browsers and necessary documents were obtained
مختصر كتاب التذكرة بأحوال الموتى وأمور الآخرة للإمام القرطبي = Summary of the book “The Reminder of the Conditions of the Dead and the Affairs of the Hereafter” by Imam Al-Qurtubi
No full textكتاب "التذكرة بأحوال الموتى وأمور الآخرة" للإمام القرطبي، سبق أن قام الأستاذ الدكتور محمد أبو الليث الخيرآبادي بتحقيقه وتخريج أحاديثه وآثاره والحكم عليها، اشتمل على أحوال الموتى، والقبر: نعيمه وعذابه، وأمور الآخرة من البعث والنشور والنفخ في الصور، وأحوال الجنة والنار، وما يقع في آخر الزمان من الفتن والملاحم، وأشراط الساعة. أثبت المؤلف -القرطبي- كل ذلك من جملة من المصادر، وفي مقدمتها القرآن الكريم، ثم كتب الحديث وعلومه، وكتب التفسير، وكتب الرقائق، وكتب الشمائل والدلائل، وكتب التاريخ، وكتب التراجم، وكتب المغازي والسير، وكتب اللغة، ودواوين الشعر. وهذا "مختصر كتاب التذكرة بأحوال الموتى وأمور الآخرة"، حرص هذا الكتاب المختصر أن لا تفوته أمور مهمة في موضوع كتاب التذكرة، بدأ المحقق بذكر درجة الحديث والأثر إن كان من غير الصحيحين، ثم اختصر تخريج الحديث وغيره، وإذا احتاجت الدرجة إلى تفصيل أكثر أحاله إلى كتاب التذكرة المفصل بتحقيقه.
***** The book "Al-Tadhkira bi-Ahwal al-Mawta wa-Amur al-Akhira" by Imam al-Qurtubi, was previously verified by Professor Dr. Muhammad Abu al-Layth al-Khayrabadi, who graduated its hadiths and narrations and ruled on them. It included the conditions of the dead, the grave: its pleasures and torments, the matters of the afterlife such as resurrection, rising and blowing the trumpet, the conditions of Heaven and Hell, and what will happen at the end of time of tribulations and epic battles, and the signs of the Hour. The author - al-Qurtubi - proved all of that from a number of sources, foremost among which is the Holy Quran, then books of hadith and its sciences, books of interpretation, books of spiritual refinements, books of characteristics and evidence, books of history, books of biographies, books of battles and biographies, books of language, and poetry collections. This is “A Summary of the Book of Remembrance of the Conditions of the Dead and the Affairs of the Hereafter.” This summary book was careful not to miss important matters in the subject of the Book of Remembrance. The researcher began by mentioning the degree of the hadith and the trace if it was not from the two Sahihs, then he summarized the graduation of the hadith and other things. If the degree needed more detail, he referred it to the detailed book of Remembrance with its verification
Clay calcination technology: state-of-the-art review by the RILEM TC 282-CCL
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2021, The Author(s).The use of calcined clays as supplementary cementitious materials provides the opportunity to significantly reduce the cement industry’s carbon burden; however, use at a global scale requires a deep understanding of the extraction and processing of the clays to be used, which will uncover routes to optimise their reactivity. This will enable increased usage of calcined clays as cement replacements, further improving the sustainability of concretes produced with them. Existing technologies can be adopted to produce calcined clays at an industrial scale in many regions around the world. This paper, produced by RILEM TC 282-CCL on calcined clays as supplementary cementitious materials (working group 2), focuses on the production of calcined clays, presents an overview of clay mining, and assesses the current state of the art in clay calcination technology, covering the most relevant aspects from the clay deposit to the factory gate. The energetics and associated carbon footprint of the calcination process are also discussed, and an outlook on clay calcination is presented, discussing the technological advancements required to fulfil future global demand for this material in sustainable infrastructure development.Peer reviewe
