20 research outputs found
Lexical hedges: a study of cultural and disciplinary variation in academic research articles / Sarmad J. Mohammed
No full textThere is a widely held belief that academic writing is purely objective, impersonal and informational, designed to disguise the author and deal directly with facts and the search for independent truth. But effective academic writing is like any other type of discourse in that it is interactive; it involves writers trying to influence their reader by persuading them of the correctness of their claims (Hyland, 1998a, p. iii). One important means of achieving this is the use of hedges to present claims with caution, precision, and humility. Hedging is one of the features associated with academic writing. This study examines the distribution of forms and functions of lexical hedges in a corpus of 24 research articles written in English. A total of almost 48,000 words are analyzed from two different disciplines namely biochemistry and applied linguistics, and from two rhetorical sections namely introduction and discussion sections. I also explore how the writers from different cultures employ these means in their academic writing.
The results show that the American authors use 14% more hedging forms than Arabic authors in biochemistry discipline and almost 15% in the applied linguistics discipline. On the other hand, the results also reveal that linguists used hedges considerably less than the scientists in both genres. In terms of hedging functions, the results show that American authors employed more hedging function than Arabic authors in both disciplines. The
discussion sections of RAs contain more hedging forms and functions than the introduction sections in both disciplines. In the overall incidence of hedging, however, the results indicate that noticeable, disciplinary variation in the use of lexical hedges is found in the RA corpus, hedging becoming more frequent in the field of biochemistry in comparison with the .- field of applied linguistic
On the Genus of the Star Graph
No full textThe star graph Sn is a graph with Sn the set of all permutations over {1,...,n} as its vertex set; two vertices π1 and π2 are connected if π1 can be obtained form π2 by swapping the first element of π1 with one of the other n-1 elements. In this paper we establish the genus of the star graph. We show that the genus, gn of Sn , is exactly equal to n!(n-4)/6+ 1 by establishing a lower bound and inductively giving a drawing on a surface of appropriate genusTechnical report DCS-TR-34
An O(n log n) algorithm for finding dissimilar strings
No full textLet be a finite alphabet and . A string is said to be -dissimilar to , if no length substring of is equal to any length substring of . We present an algorithm which on input and an integer outputs an integer and such that:
- is -dissimilar to .
- There does not exist a string of length which is dissimilar to .Technical report LCSR-TR-26
P. R. Dubhashi. Policy and Performance, Agricultural and Rural Development in Post-Independence India. New Delhi: Sage Publications. 1986. 320 pp.List of References; Index. Price (hardbound edition) Rupees (Indian) 185.00.
No full textThis book is a fine and straightforward account of the
socioeconomic dynamics of the formulation of agricultural and rural
development policies in post-independence India. It makes a critical
appraisal of the process of policy formulation at various levels of
government, of the circumstances in which these policies evolved, and of
the impact of those policies on the process of rural transformation. It
outlines the case for an integrated agricultural policy in the future,
which pays equal attention to distributional and production aspects of
the development process so that the imbalances that have plagued Indian
agricultural and rural development policy in the past are avoided. The
author has had a long experience of agricultural and rural development
administration, which provides a rich background for this book and
enables the author to have a systemic outlook on agricultural policies.
In addition, the author has made use of an impressive array of reports
of various committees and commissions on agricultural and rural
development, relevant Parliamentary proceedings and other Government
documents as well as related published work to paint a compelling
picture of agricultural and rural development policy and performance in
India
M. V. Nadkarni. Farmer's Movements in India. New Delhi: Allied Publishers Pvt. Ltd., 1987.237 pp.,Price: (hardbound edition) Rupees (Indian) 100.00.
No full textThis book is a comprehensive analysis of farmers' movements in
India with a focus on the movements in Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Punjab
and Karnatka. It examines the economic, social and political aspects of
the farmers' struggle for a better deal within regional and national
perspectives and evaluates the potential impact of these struggles on
economic development in general, and on rural development, in
particular. In a most competent way the author has presented the current
state of the debate on the subject. He deals exhaustively with the
subject of agricultural price policy and argues against the proposition
that favourable price-setting for farm products is adequate to alleviate
rural poverty. A better way to tackle this problem is to improve the per
capita output in the rural sector, since the root cause of the problem
is not unfavourable terms of trade but the increasing proportion of land
holdings, which are economically not viable. Agricultural price policy
is analyzed within the context of class relations, which enables to
establish a link between the economic and political demands of the
farmers. This analysis leads the author to conclude, that in contrast
with the peasants' movements in India, which helped to break up the
feudal agrarian set-up, the recent farmers' movements, with a few
exceptions, have little revolutionary content. Their leadership has been
appropriated by the rich landowners, who have transformed the movements
into a lobby for advancing their own interests, within the existing
power structure, to the neglect of the poorer peasantry
Series solution of fuzzy linear Cauchy reaction-diffusion equation by using homotopy perturbation method
No full textImproving the thermal and physical properties of fire clay refractory bricks by added magnesia
No full textSharade Marathe. Regulation and Development: The Indian Policy Experience of Controls Over Industry. New Delhi: Sage Publications India Pvt. Ltd. 1986. 328 pp.Price: (Hardbound edition) Rupees (Indian) 195.00.
No full textThis book documents in a comprehensive manner the 'twists and
turns' in India's industrial policy and strongly suggests the need for a
re-orientation of this policy to overcome the weaknesses in the
industrial structure and to utilize the sources of its strength. The
author has had a distinguished career in the Indian Economic Service and
brings this experience to bear on his analysis of the evolution of
industrial policy in India. In India, the primary objective of planned
development has been the creation of a technologically mature society
capable of sustaining a process of self-propelled growth without extreme
concentration of wealth in a few hands. It is rightly pointed out in the
book that this objective is possible only in the context of rapid
growth, which is the ultimate test of industrial policy. The book traces
the origins of India's industrial policy and analyses its evolution
during the past thirty years, showing how there has been an increasing
gap between the objectives of this policy and the performance of the
industrial sector
Achieving Energy Saving through Proxying Applications on behalf of Idle Devices
No full textSeveral studies in the past have revealed that network end user devices are left powered up 24/7 even when idle just for the sake of maintaining Internet connectivity. Network devices normally support low power states but are kept inactive due to their inability to maintain network connectivity. The Network Connectivity Proxy (NCP) has recently been proposed as an effective mechanism to impersonate network connectivity on behalf of high power devices and enable them to sleep when idle without losing network presence. The NCP can efficiently proxy basic networking protocol, however, proxying of Internet based applications have no absolute solution due to dynamic and non-predictable nature of the packets they are sending and receiving periodically. This paper proposes an approach for proxying Internet based applications and presents the basic software architectures and capabilities. Further, this paper also practically evaluates the proposed framework and analyzes expected energy savings achievable under-different realistic conditions
The Concept of War: Jaroslav Hašek’s the Good Soldier Švejk and James Jones’s the Thin Red Line a Comparative Study
No full textThe issue of war concept is common in the existing literature, yet it is controversial in this field. Many studies approach this topic extensively. However, approaching this topic in the novels of The Good Soldier Švejk and The Thin Red Line is not done yet. This paper includes the First World War in Czech Bohemia through The Good Soldier Švejk and World War II on Guadalcanal Island through The Thin Red Line. The study is significant due to applying the war concept for the first time to the selected texts. The two novels were compared through irony, sacrifice, and madness. The comparison includes the protagonist Švejk through the novel, The good soldier Švejk. While for the novel The Thin Red Line, there is more than one character, such as Witt and Welch. The study concludes that each work by each author has a historical storyline that depicts the misery caused by war and the destruction it causes to humanity
