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The denial that eliminates the effect of the regular bonds in proving before the trial judge in accordance with the Jordanian law
No full textيهدف البحث إلى وضع تنظيم متكامل للإنكار المسقط لحجية السند العادي في الاثبات، وقد اتبعت في دراسته المنهج الوصفي التحليلي بوصف وتحليل النصوص القانونية الأردنية المنظمة للموضوع مشيرا لبعض القوانين المقارنة بقدر الضرورة مستعينا بالفقه القانوني وبالاجتهاد القضائي.
وقسمت الدراسة إلى مبحثين خصص الأول للضوابط القانونية للإنكار المُسقط لحجية السند العادي في الإثبات؛ بينت فيه طريقة الإنكار واختلافها بحسب مركز المحتج عليه بالسند المدين به نفسه أو ورثته وخلفه. ومحل الإنكار حين ينصب على الخط والتوقيع فقط وحين يُعترف بالتوقيع وينصب الإنكار على مضمون السند العادي كما في التوقيع على بياض. وتناولت إجراءات الإنكار أو الدفع بالجهالة من حيث ميعاده وإجراءاته حيث يُثارا بعد الاحتجاج بالسند وقبل مناقشة موضوعه أو الإدلاء بما يناقضه، وفي أول فرصة تتاح للخصم أمام محكمة الموضوع. وترتبط طريقة تقديمهما بإجراءات تقديم لوائح الدعاوى الحقوقية واللوائح الجوابية ومرفقاتهما، والرد عليها، ويتقيدا بمواعيدها.
وخصص الثاني لدراسة الآثار القانونية للإنكار المُسقط لحجية السند العادي في الإثبات بين تفيه أثاره على حجية السند العادي فلا يعدمها وإنما يسقطها مؤقتا في مواجهة المُنكِر وينقل عبء الإثبات لمبرزه ليطلب إحالته للتحقيق وإجراء الخبرة وفقا للإجراءات التي حددها القانون. وبينت نتائج التحقيق حيث يفضي لثبوت صحة أو عدم صحة الإنكار أو الدفع بالجهالة أو حصوله كيدا.
وتوصلت الدراسة لعدة نتائج أهمها اختلاف طريقة الإنكار بحسب مركز المحتج عليه بالسند: فالمدين يطلب منه الإنكار صراحة بالجزم واليقين. أما الوارث أو الخلف، فيكتفى منه تقرير عدم العلم أي الدفع بالجهالة بغير تعزيز الدفع (بيمين عدم العلم). وخلافا للأصل قيَد المشرع سلطة المحكمة بإجراء الخبرة تلقائيا بجعل إجراء الخبرة لإثبات صحة السندات العادية المُنكرة موقوفا على طلب مبرزها.
وخرجت الدراسة بمجموعة من التوصيات أهمهاالنصعلى تعزيز الدفع بالجهالة (بيمين عدم العلم)، والنص على أثر مناقشة موضوع السند على حق الإنكار أو الدفع بالجهالة.والنص صراحة على تمكين المحكمة من البحث في وقائع الدعوى ومستنداتها لغاية تكوين عقيدتها بشأن صحة الخط أو التوقيع من عدمه قبل إجابة طلب التحقيق. والنص على حكم الانكار أو الدفع بالجهالة الكيدي كصورة للتعنت والكيد الإجرائيThe present study aims to set an integrated regulation for the denial that eliminates the effect of the regular bonds in proving. The researcher adopts a descriptive analytical approach. He analyzes the Jordanian legal texts regulating this issue. He does that through shedding a light on some comparative laws, and referring to judicial diligence and jurisprudence.
This study is divided into two chapters. The first chapter sheds a light on the provisions regulating the denial that eliminates the effect of the regular bonds in proving. It identifies the methods of proving and the differences between them. Such differences are related to the stand of the person objecting to the bond. This person may be the debtor himself or the inheritors. The researcher identifies the aspects that the debtor denies. Such aspects involve: denial of the handwriting and signature. Such aspects involve denial of the content of the regular bond in case of acknowledging the validity of the handwriting and signature. That occurs when signing a blank paper. The researcher sheds a light on the procedures of making the denial. The legislator didn’t set a specific time nor procedures for making the denial. The denial of the bond is made after using the bond as a proof and before discussing the content of the bond or filing documents that contradict it. It is made in the first opportunity that the opponent gets before the trial court. The method of making denial is regulated through the procedures of filing the pleading the civil cases and the pleading filed as a response and the attachments with them. The response to the denial is governed by such procedures. The time of making the denial is governed by such procedures.
The second chapter sheds a light on the impact of denial that eliminates the effect of the regular bonds. It identifies the impact of such denial on the effect of the regular bond. This denial doesn’t eliminate such effect permanently. In fact, it eliminates such effect temporarily. The responsibility of proving the bond is assigned to the one submitting it. The latter person can claim for investigating the validity of the bond and assigning experts to assess it in accordance with the procedures set by the law. The result of the investigation is either acknowledgment of the validity of the denial of the bond, acknowledgment of the invalidity of the denial of the bond, acknowledgment of the lack of knowledge or realizing that the bond is submitted for making malicious damage.
The researcher reached several results. For instance, he found that the methods used for denying the bond differ based on the stand of the one making the denial. For instance, the debtor is asked to make the denial with full certainty. As for the inheritor, he’s asked to state his lack of knowledge without taking the oath. Contrary to the original rule, the legislator limited the power of the court in deciding to assess the regular bond by experts to prove its validity. He entitled the court to decide that under the request of the one submitting the bond.
The researcher suggested several recommendations. For instance, he recommend proving the lack of knowledge through requesting one (to take the oath). He recommends enacting legislations about the impact of discussing the goal of the bond on the right to claim denial or the lack of knowledge. He recommends adding legislations that allow the court to investigate the details and documents of the case. That shall enable the court to form its conviction about the validity of the handwriting or the signature before sending the bond to experts to investigate its validity. The researcher recommends enacting legislations that include provisions regulating the case of denial and claiming the lack of knowledge as a mean for making malicious damage and showing intransigence while carrying out the procedure
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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