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The condition under which the insurer has the right to terminate the insurance contract by his own willingness according to the Jordanian legislation: its meaning and legitimacy
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حاولنا في هذ البحث أن نقف على ماهية شرط احتفاظ المؤمن بحقٍ في إنهاء العقد بإرادتهِ المنفردة من جهة، ومن مشروعية هذا الشرط من جهة أخرى، مسلطين الضوء على تعريف هذا الشرط وغايته وخصائصهِ وتكييفه ِالقانوني، إذ تبين أن هذا الشرط هو شرط تقوم معظم شركات التأمين على إدراجه في وثيقة التأمين مفاده إعطاء المؤمن الحق في إنهاء العقد بإرادته المنفردة قبل انتهاء مدته دون أي إخلال بالتزامات المؤمن له.
والمشكلة الأهم التي حاولنا الوقوف عليها في هذا الصدد تتمثل بمدى مشروعية هذا الشرط، حيث وجدنا أنّ هذا الشرط صحيح وفقاً للقواعد العامة، ويعد تطبيقاً للشرط الإرادي المحض الفاسخ، في حين وجدنا أن هذا الشرط في القواعد القانونية الخاصة في عقد الاستهلاك كمظلة أكثر خصوصية من القواعد العامة أنه شرط تعسفي بصريح النص وفقاً للمادة (22) فقره(4) من قانون حماية المستهلك الأردني رقم(7) لسنة(2017) التي تنص على أن" يتضمن منح المزود الحق في تعديل العقد أو فسخه بإرادته المنفردة"، وبالتالي يجوز للمحكمة - كصلاحية تقديرية - أن تحكم ببطلان هذا الشرط أو تعدله أو تعفي المؤمن له منه، في حين كان وفقاً للقواعد القانونية الناظمة لعقد التأمين كمظلةٍ أخرى أزيد في الخصوصية شرطاً تعسفياً له حكماً خاصاً ألا وهو بطلان هذا الشرط متى ما تبين أنه لم يكن لمخالفته اثرٌ في وقوع الحادث، ويكون حكم القاضي كاشفاً لا منشئا في هذه الحالة دون أدنى صلاحية تقديرية له في هذا المجال.
وبالنتيجة بتنا أمام إزدواجية في التعامل مع هذا الشرط من ناحية الحكم القانوني له، وهذه الإزدواجية هي محل نقد، وعليه تمنينا على المشرع الأردني إنهاء هذه الإزدواجية من خلال إخضاع جميع الشروط التعسفية في التأمين لسلطة القاضي التقديرية في تعديل هذه الشروط، أو إعفاء المؤمن له منها كما هو الحال في قانون حماية المستهلك الأردني، ذلك لأنه يحقق العدالة بشكل أفضل من تقرير بطلان الشرط الذي قد يكون جوهرياً في العقد، مما يترتب على بطلانه بطلان العقد تبعاً لذلك، وهو أمر ينافي المقصد من حماية الطرف الضعيف في العقود ابتداءً.
This study aims at identifying the meaning of the condition under which the insurer maintains the right to terminate the contract by his willingness and the legitimacy of this condition. The study highlighted the definition of this condition، its objective، characteristics and legal adaptation، where the results revealed that most insurance companies include this condition in the insurance document and imply granting the insurer the right to terminate the contract by his willingness before the legal restricted time without violating the rights of the insured.
The most important problem that the study aimed to identify in this vein lies in the extent of the legitimacy of this condition، where the results revealed that the condition is valid according to the general rules and considered an application for the voluntary condition for termination. However، the exact condition was found to be arbitrary in the legal rules pertaining to consumption contracts as being more specified rules according to article (22) ، section (4) of the law of the Jordanian consumer protection No. 7 of 2017، which implies granting the supplier the right to terminate the contract by his willingness. Therefore، based on its discretion authority، the court can cancel this condition، modify it، or exempt the insured from it. On the other hand، as for the legal rules governing the insurance contracts more specified umbrella، it was an arbitrary condition that has a special judgment which is cancellation when violating it does not have an impact on the event – the judge's provision is considered as exploring one، but not a stating، where the judge has no discretion authority in this vein.
Accordingly، we are left with duality in dealing with this condition legally. Such a duality has been criticized; therefore، we hoped that the Jordanian legislator would eliminate this duality by subjecting all the arbitrary conditions in insurance to the judge's discretion authority in modifying the condition or exempting the insured from it as in the case of the act of protecting the Jordanian consumer since it achieves justice better than the report of cancelling the condition which could be a basic one and may entail cancelling the contract، where this contradicts the intention of protecting the disadvantaged party in the contract.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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