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Desedimentation of Routine: Post-Crisis Invention of Tradition in George Orwell’s Animal Farm
No full textDesedimentation is a concept that every society in all historical periods experiences. It refers to the socio-political condition in which the routinization of norms is broken due to specific crises. Crises render familiar traditions into unhomed, disturbing unstable issues, giving birth to desedimentation. However, it is a social and historical necessity to oblige people to reconsider their identity. In this regard, some thinkers claim that desedimentation results in three primary factors: the disruption of socio-political routine, the struggle for hegemony, and the undecidability of calculations. Nevertheless, this claim suffers from deficiency. The lack lies in the failure to propose a comprehensive definition and outcomes of this concept. It limits the conclusions to the immediate historical context without considering the unchangeable part of history, or as Lacan would put it, the Real of history. As an alternative, this paper proposes the four most probable defining features and outcomes of desedimentation regarding the broader scope of historical development. They are historical error, historical necessity, the invention of a new routinization system, and subjection. The paper seeks to apply these four potentials in the well-known Animal Farm. This novel represents the desedimentation process that any society may undergo. After the revolution\u27s success, the animals strive to find an alternative system and ideology to the previous one, going through the above-mentioned potentials of crisis and desedimentation
The Three Neighbors in The Room: A Study of Harold Pinter
Full text linkIn order to analyze Harold Pinter’s, play The Room, this essay examines the importance of Slavoj Zizek's three sorts of neighbor theory. The play's social relationships and power structures are insightfully interpreted in this essay by considering the play's characters and themes through the eyes of the play's imagined, symbolic, and real neighbors. The play The Room is more than simply a portrayal of social connections, the paper says, but a complex examination of the ways in which power, desire, and suffering interact in the human experience. Zizek's theory provides a helpful framework for evaluating the play's issues and repercussions
WOMEN'S RESISTANCE TO OPPRESSION IN A DEFIANCE TO APARTHEID'S LEGACY IN LUEEN CONNING'S A COLOURED PLACE
Full text linkLueen Conning explores in her play A Coloured Place (henceforth ACP), the destructive effects of the Apartheid system in South Africa on South African post- Apartheid women. This paper gives a critical, contextual analysis of ACP (1998) by Lueen Conning. It investigates the feminist elements that are found in the play to show how that authoritarian system affected their lives even after its fall, especially colored women and the need to raise awareness of its effects. The colored protagonist of the takes a key role in revealing the suffering of a hybrid females individuals in a post-Apartheid South African society and the potential consequences of that hybrid identity. This paper also examines the autobiographical elements that are found in the play. Therefore, it likewise shows how female playwrights like Lueen Conning (Malika Ndlovu) are trying to lead the social change in the post-Apartheid society through portrayal of heroines' abuse and raising awareness of women's problems in that racist oppressive society. They are successful to show the failure of the system although they are becoming lonely outsiders by that system. The context of the study and the literature review have paved the way by providing the theoretical basis for the analysis of the play. Thus, this short study sheds the light on how Apartheid South Africa state affects the social change, but it is similarly demonstrating the resistance to that abusive world of that era.
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Totalitarianism in George Orwell's Animal Farm
Full text linkThe Animal Farm attempts at representing a realistic analysis of the revolution and changing of systems and regimes. However, change may not be necessarily a positive one as long as there is not a just and fair system upon which the sons of the revolutions depend. As history has proved, the majority of revolutions fail to achieve the utopian goals they had been seeking. Then, it fails to achieve the goals that are sought from it. Eventually, the reality becomes worse than that which it aimed to change. Since the theme of this novel is applicable for all people in any place at any time, and the big role that political discourse played in its event, we have chosen it to be our subject to analyze and discuss in our graduation project. After this short abstract, we will present an introduction in which we show the author’s contribution in the world of literature, his famous works and their significance. After that, we move on to deal with the language and discourse, rhetoric speech and discourse of Orwel and his ideology. The we tend to cover the author’s life, political discourse, and finally the political discourse of the author in The Animal Farm. We end our paper with a conclusion which includes our points of view to the importance of the political discourse in the novel and the moral lessons the mankind can draw out from such great piece of literature
AIdeological Manipulation Strategies of Religion and Emotional Deception: A Study of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter
Full text linkOne of the foundational cornerstones upon which works of literature are built is Religion. It is a motivational ideology that inspires authors to write fiction. Ideological literary works are not mere aesthetic attempts that reflect the unlimited potential ability of literature to present the unthinkable: they are serious works that reflect the very social turmoil that the author has been experiencing in his society. The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne perfectly represents this type of genre. He successfully shows the way Religion was ideological manipulated by the authorities in that Puritan society. This paper highlights the different ideological strategies influential individuals employ to change people’s convictions. After a short perusal of the different stages, the theory of ideology has undergone, it presents the most significant ideological factors in the novel depending on various thinkers, mainly Sigmund Freud, Jacques Lacan, and Slavoj Zizek. It also shows the domination of ideology over the life of people: it may be observed in their clothes, customs, cultural attitude, and means of communication. Depending on certain theorists, this research finally proves that it is beyond the possibility of anyone to break the chains of ideology and live in a Real world. The illusion of ideology sneaks into every single detail of people’s lives, as represented in Hawthorne’s novel
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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