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إضاءات على المعالم الدينية في أعمال جبران خليل جبران/ Highlights on the Religious Traces in the Works of Gibran Khalil Gibran
No full textملخص البحث:
بزغ نجم جبران في سماء الأدب بداية القرن العشرين إثر نشره عدة أعمال نثرية وشعرية باللغة العربية والإنكليزية، تميزت بسموها العاطفي والأخلاقي وتطلعها إلى حياة روحية مثالية. ويدرك الناظر في أعمال جبران، بداية بكتابه نبذات في فن الموسيقى الذي نُشر عام 1905م وانتهاءً بـــ: التائه الذي نُشر عام 1932م بعد عام من وفاة كاتبه. وقد يظن المطالع لصفحات العواصف أو لهجومه في أعمال أخرى على الكهنة أو القارئ في سيرته أنه طُرِد من الكنيسة وأنه رفض التوبة والاعتراف على فراش الموت بأن هذا الكاتب بعيد عن الدين والتدين فيما يكتب؛ لذلك يجدر الاهتمام بدراسة التصور الديني الذي يظهر في أعمال أحد أهم الكتاب العرب المهجرين، بمنهج وصفي وتحليلي. من أهم نتائج الدراسة هذه أن تنوع التجليات والمؤثرات الدينية في أعمال جبران يشبه بعض الحركات الدينية الحديثة التي تجمع بين القيم النبيلة مثل الحب والعدل والإحسان مازجةً بين معتقدات وتعاليم دينية مختلفة. وقد تشابه بعض خصائص الدين عند جبران أيضا المدرسة البيرنيالية التي تعتبر الأديان سبلاً متعددة إلى هدف روحي واحد، وتعتبر التشريعات جزئيات متنوعة تحيط بقلب روحي جامع لها.
الكلمات المفتاحية: جبران – الدين- البعد الفلسفي- البعد العقدي- البعد الأخلاقي.
Abstract:
The talent of Gibran in literature began to shine in the beginning of the 20th century after the publication of his various poetic and prosaic works in English and Arabic that were uniquely characterized with lofty emotions and ethics in addition to visionary longing for an ideal spiritual life. Anyone who dwells on his works, initially with his book ‘Summaries on the Art of Music” which was published in 1905, ending with “The Lost One” published in 1932, a year after his demise, would ne insightful of his theme. A reader might think upon reading the pages of “The Storms” or from his attacks on others or on the priests; or one who would read about his story being driven away from the church and that he refused redemption while he was on his dying bed, that his writing was void of any religious substance and religiosity. For this reason, it would be significant to study the religious perspective of on one of the most important Arab migrant writer descriptively and analytically. Among the most important findings of the study are: the religious representations in Gibran’s works are similar with some of the modern religious movements that combine between values such as love, fairness, benevolence with various religious teachings and beliefs. Some of his religious perspectives were also similar with religious liberalism that regards the variety in religious beliefs as sharing the common mean to gain a common spiritual attainment. The various rituals in religions are regarded as subcategories that are united with the same spiritual heart.
Keywords: Gibran- Religion- Philosophical Dimension- Faith Dimension- Ethical Dimension.
Abstrak:
Bakat Gibran dalam penulisan mula terserlah pada permulaan abad yang ke 20 selepas pelbagai penulisannya dalam bentuk prosa dan puisi mula dalam bahasa Arab dan Inggeris dicetak. Penulisan beliau unik kerana bercirikan emosi yang tinggi serta etika yang dalam yang dipacu untuk menggagaskan satu kehidupan kerohanian yang ideal. Sesiapa yang mendalami penulisan beliau, bermula dengan bukunya ‘Ringkasan-ringkasan Seni Musik’ yang dicetak pada 1905 diakhiri dengan ‘Yang Hilang’ yang dicetak pada 1932, setahun selepas kematiannya akan dapat secara umum menggarap tema penulisan beliau. Pembaca yang membaca lembaran-lembaran ‘Ribut’ atau serangan beliau terhadap para rahib dan lain-lainnya; atau sesiapa yang pernah membaca cerita beliau dihalau keluar gereja dan kedegilan beliau untuk menyatakan taubat ketika terlantar di katil di ambang kematian; bahawa penulisannya tersisih daripada unsur keagamaan dan keinsafan. Oleh kerana itu, adalah wajar untuk dijadikan kajian perspektif keagamaan Gibran yang merupakan salah seorang tokoh Arab migran tersohor dalam penulisan secara deskriptif dan analitikal. Di antara dapatan kajian terpenting ialah: pengungkapan ciri keugamaan dalam penulisan Gibran adalah sama dengan beberapa pergerakan keagamaan yang menggabungkan di antara nilai-nilai cinta, keadilan, kebajikan dengan pelbagai ajaran keagamaan dan kepercayaan. Beberapa perspektif keagamaan beliau juga sama dengan fahaman liberalisma agama yang menganggap kepelbagaian agama adalah merupakan cara yang sama untuk mencapai tahap kerohanian diri. Kepelbagaian ritual dalam agama-agama pula adalah merupakan kategori-kategori kecil yang disatukan oleh kerohanian hati.
Kata kinci: Gibran, Religion, Dimensi Falsafah, Dimensi Kepercayaan, Dimensi Akhlak
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