581 research outputs found
A Critique of the Article “Abu al-Hasan Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Tabari Toranji; the Famous Iranian Physician”
No full textAbu al-Hasan Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Tabari Toranji, the author of the book "al-mu'alaja al-buqratiya", is one of the greatest physicians of Tabaristan and Iran in the fourth century AH. For this purpose, in the tenth issue (Volume 20, October 2018) of the Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences, an article entitled "Abu al-Hasan Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Tabari Toranji; the famous Iranian physician" has been published on pages 72-75 about the biography of this valuable scientist, which seems to have some problems and shortcomings in terms of historical geography. Therefore, the purpose of publishing this article is to critique the published article and draw appropriate conclusions in scientific studies
Numerically efficient modeling of CNT transistors with ballistic and non-ballistic effects for circuit simulation
No full textThis paper presents an efficient carbon nanotube (CNT) transistor modeling technique which is based on cubic spline approximation of the non-equilibrium mobile charge density. The approximation facilitates the solution of the selfconsistent voltage equation in a carbon nanotube so that calculation of the CNT drain-source current is accelerated by at least two orders of magnitude. A salient feature of the proposed technique is its ability to incorporate both ballistic and nonballistic transport effects without a significant computational cost. The proposed models have been extensively validated against reported CNT ballistic and non-ballistic transport theories and experimental results
THE PROPHETHOOD OF MARYAM IN TAFSIR AL-MISBAH AND TAFSIR AL-AZHAR (A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF QS. ALI IMRAN VERSE 42): KENABIAN MARYAM DALAM TAFSIR AL-MISBAH DAN TAFSIR AL-AZHAR (STUDI KOMPARATIF TERHADAP QS. ALI IMRAN AYAT 42)
No full textKenabian merupakan salah satu hal yang prinsipil dalam agama Islam, termasuk didalamnya adalah isu kenabian perempuan. Isu ini menggeliat dalam dunia tafsir, kemudian direspon oleh para ulama dan menghasilkan dua sikap, ada ulama yang mendukung isu tersebut dan ada yang menolaknya, masing-masing kedua kubu tersebut memiliki argumentasi. penelitian ini akan membahas masalah seputar eksistensi isu kenabian perempuan ini dalam tradisi intelektual ulama Islam, kemudian eksistensi isu kenabian Maryam dalam tafsir al-misbah dan tafsir al-azhar, dan alasan isu ini bisa sampai dan diakomodir oleh kedua mufassir indonesia. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Pertama, terdapat dua kubu dalam merespon isu kenabian perempuan, ada yang menolak dan ada yang menerima. Adapun yang menolak adalah Abu Muhammad Abdullah bin Ibrahim bin Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Ja’far al-Ashili, Fakhruddin al-Razi, Ibn Katsir, serta al-Qusyairi. Sedangkan yang menerima adalah Abu Bakar Muhammad bin Mawhab al-Tujibi al-Qabri, Ibn Hazm al-Andalusi, Al-Qurthubi, serta Ibn Hajar al-‘Asqalani dengan argumentasi masing-masing. Kedua, isu kenabian Maryam terdapat dalam tafsir al-misbah dan tafsir al-azhar ketika membahas Qs. Ali-Imran: 42. Ketiga, terdapat dua alasan mengapa isu kenabian Maryam diakomodir dalam tafsir al-misbah dan tafsir al-azhar, pertama, kedua pengarang dari tafsir tersebut yaitu Quraish Shihab dan Hamka masing-masing mengusung spirit gender equality. Kedua, karena sifat dari tafsir itu sendiri yang genealogis sehingga sebuah wacana yang masuk dalam dunia tafsir sulit untuk dihapuskan dan dihilangkan
An insight into more factors affecting adherence to medications in the elderly
No full textSyed Maaz Tariq, Mohammad Hasan, Syed Ali Haider Department of MBBS, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, PakistanWe read the article “Medication adherence and beliefs about medication in elderly patients living alone with chronic diseases” by Park et al1 thoroughly. They were right in stating that identification of barriers to patient adherence to a medication holds vital importance, and despite a proper plan devised by the physician, if the patient does not adhere to medication, management of a chronic illness can prove to be challenging.1 View original paper by Park et al 
Condensing embryology teaching: alternative perspectives
No full textMohammad Hasan, Syed Maaz Tariq, Syed Ali Haider Department of MBBS, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, PakistanWe read the article “Condensing embryology teaching for medical students: can it be taught in 2 hours?” by Kazzazi and Bartlett quite attentively. The authors were successful in mentioning an effective mode of teaching embryology. Embryology is indeed an important subject that forms the base for appreciating anatomy and has immense practical implementations in different parts of medicine, for example, in pediatrics and ENT surgery. However, it is often neglected and is only taught in preclinical years.1 The authors proposed a method for teaching embryology splendidly from their perspective; therefore, we felt the need to expand the discussion from the perspective of third-year medical students who have just completed their preclinical years. Hence, we would like to mention few limitations to this study as well.Authors’ replyFawz Kazzazi, Jonathan Bartlett School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UKWe read with interest the response letter by Hasan et al. We must first commend the editor and journal on their great ability to unify the medical community and extend topics for debate internationally.View the original paper by Kazzazi and Bartlett
Investigation on the mechanisms underlying the chromosomal translocations in therapy-related acute myeloid leukemias
No full textLa leucemia acuta promielocitica (APL) è caratterizzata dalla traslocazione t(15;17) con la formazione del gene chimerico PML-RARa. La APL secondaria a trattamento con inibitori della topoisomerasi II (t-APL) rappresenta una nota complicanza del trattamento chemioterapico in pazienti affetti da cancro. Tuttavia negli ultimi anni sono stati descritti parecchi casi di t-APL in pazienti affetti da sclerosi multipla (SM) e trattati con mitoxantrone. In 12 pazienti affetti da MS con t-APL secondaria all’uso di mitoxantrone, l’analisi genomica ha mostrato un’alterata distribuzione all’interno dell’introne 6 del gene PML dei punti di rottura sul cromosoma 15 rispetto alle APL de novo (11/12, 92% vs 622/1022, 61%: p=0.035). Infatti, nonostante l’introne 6 abbia una dimenzione di circa 1kb, in 5 pazienti con t-apl secondaria a MS il punto di rottura nel cromosoma 15 cade in una regione di 8 paia di basi (hotspot) precedentemente desritta in pazienti affetti da t-APL secondaria a carcinoma della mammella (KM). Inoltre, all’interno del gene RARa , che si estende per circa 17 kb abbiamo identificato un altro punto di rottura comune a due pazienti con t-APL secondaria a trattamento con mitoxantrone per MS e KM. In 4 casi, l’utilizzo di saggi funzionali ci ha permesso di confermare sia in PML che in RARa la presenza di loci che sono risultati essere siti preferenziali di taglio da parte della topoisomerasi IIa in presenza di mitoxantrone. Questo studio conferma ulteriormente la presenza nei geni PML e RARa di porzioni di DNA particolarmente sensibili al danno indotto da mitoxantrone che possono spiegare la propensione a sviluppare questo la t-APL in pazienti trattati con questo chemioterapico. Abbiamo esteso l’analisi genomica anche in un caso con leucemia acuta mieloide con traslocazione t(16;21) (RUNX1-ETO”) secondaria a sclerosi multipla trattata con mitoxantrone. Ancora una volta abbiamo identificato una regione di 9 paia di basi (ATGCCCCAG) che mostrava una omologia del 90% con la sequenza ATGCCCTAG presente nell’introne 6 di PML evidenziata nei pazienti con t-APL secondarie a trattamento con mitoxantrone.
In questo contesto è da notare che l’Accademia Americana di Neurologia nel 2000 ha approvato il mitoxantrone per il trattamento della sclerosi multipla. Following the response to post-marketing findings such as potential risk of therapy related leukemia, decreased systolic function and heart failure, the US Food and Drug administration (FDA) has added a “black box” warning to the prescribing information for the mitoxantrone.Therapy-related acute promyelocytic leukemia (t-APL) with the t(15;17) translocation is a well-recognized complication of cancer treatment with agents targeting topoisomerase II. However, cases are emerging following mitoxantrone therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS). Analysis of 12 cases of mitoxantrone-related t-APL in MS patients revealed an altered distribution of chromosome 15 breakpoints compared to de novo APL, biased towards disruption within PML intron 6 (11/12, 92% vs 622/1022, 61%: p=0.035). Despite this intron spanning ~1kb, the breakpoint in five mitoxantrone-treated patients fell within an 8bp region (1482-9) corresponding to the “hotspot” previously reported in t-APL complicating mitoxantrone-containing breast cancer therapy. Another shared breakpoint was identified within the ~17kb RARA intron 2 involving two t-APL cases arising after mitoxantrone treatment for MS and breast cancer, respectively. Analysis of PML and RARA genomic breakpoints in functional assays in 4 cases, including the shared RARA intron 2 breakpoint at 14446-49, confirmed each to be preferential sites of topoisomerase IIa-mediated DNA cleavage in the presence of mitoxantrone. This study further supports the presence of preferential sites of DNA damage induced by mitoxantrone in PML and RARA genes that may underlie the propensity to develop this particular subtype of leukemia following exposure to this agent. On extending our genomic analysis on therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia associated with t(16;21) (RUNX1-ETO2) arising after treatment of multiple sclerosis with mitoxantrone t-AML. We identified that genomic breakpoint region of RUNX1 contained a ATGCCCCAG nucleotide sequence showing ~90% homology to a “hotspot” DNA region ATGCCCTAG present in intron 6 of PML which was identified in therapy-related acute promyelocytic leukemia cases arising following treatment with mitoxantrone.
Of note, in year 2000 Report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology had approved mitoxantrone for progressive multiple sclerosis. Following the response to post-marketing findings such as potential risk of therapy related leukemia, decreased systolic function and heart failure, the US Food and Drug administration (FDA) has added a “black box” warning to the prescribing information for the mitoxantrone
Hospital surge capacity preparedness in disasters and emergencies: a systematic review
No full textBackground
Adequate and effective emergency preparedness for hospital surge capacity is a prerequisite to ensuring standard healthcare services for disaster victims. This study aimed to identify, review, and synthesize the preparedness activities for and the barriers to hospital surge capacity in disasters and emergencies.
Methods
We systematically searched seven databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, Embase, Ovid, and PsycINFO). We included all English peer-reviewed studies published in January 2016 and July 2022 on surge capacity preparedness in hospital settings. Two independent researchers screened titles and abstracts, reviewed the full texts, and conducted data extractions using CADIMA software. We assessed the rigor of the included studies using the NIH quality assessment tools for quantitative studies, the Noyes et al. guidelines for qualitative studies, and the MMAT tool for mixed methods studies and summarized findings using the narrative synthesis method. We also used PRISMA reporting guidelines.
Results
From the 2560 studies identified, we finally include 13 peer-reviewed studies: 10 quantitative, one qualitative, and two mixed methods. Five studies were done in the USA, three in Iran (n = 3), and the remaining in Australia, Pakistan, Sweden, Taiwan, and Tanzania. The study identified various ways to increase hospital surge capacity preparedness in all four domains (staff, stuff, space, and system); among them, the use of the Hospital Medical Surge Preparedness Index and the Surge Simulation Tool for surge planning was noteworthy. Moreover, nine studies (69%) recognized several barriers to hospital surge capacity preparedness.
Conclusion
The review provides synthesized evidence of contemporary literature on strategies for and barriers to hospital surge capacity preparedness. Despite the risk of selection bias due to the omission of gray literature, the study findings could help hospital authorities, public health workers, and policymakers to develop effective plans and programs for improving hospital surge capacity preparedness with actions, such as enhancing coordination, new or adapted flows of patients, disaster planning implementation, or the development of specific tools for surge capacity.
Systematic review registration
PROSPERO CRD42022360332.Full Tex
Spatial modulation for generalized MIMO: challenges, opportunities and implementation
No full textA key challenge of future mobile communication research is to strike an attractive compromise between wireless network's area spectral efficiency and energy efficiency. This necessitates a clean-slate approach to wireless system design, embracing the rich body of existing knowledge, especially on multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) technologies. This motivates the proposal of an emerging wireless communications concept conceived for single-radio-frequency (RF) large-scale MIMO communications, which is termed as SM. The concept of SM has established itself as a beneficial transmission paradigm, subsuming numerous members of the MIMO system family. The research of SM has reached sufficient maturity to motivate its comparison to state-of-the-art MIMO communications, as well as to inspire its application to other emerging wireless systems such as relay-aided, cooperative, small-cell, optical wireless, and power-efficient communications. Furthermore, it has received sufficient research attention to be implemented in testbeds, and it holds the promise of stimulating further vigorous interdisciplinary research in the years to come. This tutorial paper is intended to offer a comprehensive state-of-the-art survey on SM-MIMO research, to provide a critical appraisal of its potential advantages, and to promote the discussion of its beneficial application areas and their research challenges leading to the analysis of the technological issues associated with the implementation of SM-MIMO. The paper is concluded with the description of the world's first experimental activities in this vibrant research field
Family takāful purchase intentions in Bangladesh: the mediating role of attitude and saving motives and the moderating role of religiosity
No full textPurpose – The purpose of this study is to predict family takāful purchase intentions (FTPIs) using an extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) with relevant mediating and moderating factors. Design/methodology/approach – This study is based on a survey of 384 Muslim employees who work in both government and private organizations. This study used partial least square structural equation model (PLS-SEM) for hypothesis testing, predictive relevance and measuring the effect size of the model. Findings – The study found that attitude (ATT), subjective norms (SN), perceived behavioral control (PBC), saving motives (SM), promotional campaign (PC) and religiosity (RG) directly contribute to the prediction of FTPIs. Furthermore, ATT and SM partially mediate between PC and FTPI. Moreover, RG significantly moderates the association between ATT, SN, SM and FTPI, while RG insignificantly moderates the link between PBC and FTPI. Practical implications – This study provides insight into understanding the factors leading to an enhanced understanding of FTPI in a country where the industry is growing very fast. Further, the study suggests informative and persuasive promotions to encourage FTPI in Bangladesh and similar countries. Originality/value – This study provides insights into previously unaddressed FTPI among Muslim employees in Bangladesh and similar countries. Prior work on determining FTPI has not focused on promotional campaigns and saving motives, and thus, this study has extended TPB to understand the phenomenon
Astrology in literature: how the prohibited became permissible in the Arabic poetry of the mediaeval period
No full textThis thesis is concerned to position the art of astrology within the context of classical Arabic poetry, primarily by investigating and elucidating attitudes to the notion of
qadar (fate) and the ideology in which it was embedded. These attitudes were revelatory of the broader world view of the Arabs of those periods, and their shifts from those held in the pre-Islamic and early Islamic eras tell us a good deal about the importance given to the nature and role of fate and about the various understandings of its influence. The pre-Islamic Arab's notion of qadar was in some ways similar to that of the early Muslims: both emphasised predetermination and the irresistible power of fate. But while the jahilf (Pre-Islamic) Arabs identified fate with the malign power of dahr (Time), the Muslims believed the power of fate lies in the hands of God the
Omnipotent, who alone is responsible for the fate of the whole universe. Thus the astrology of the pre-Islamic era was one aspect of divination (kihana) and claimed to be
able to reveal in advance an individual's destiny, which could be avoided by taking certain precautions. These precautions, however, were considered effective only in
relatively trivial cases; they were useless in the areas of major impact: a person's happiness or misery (shaqiiwa aw sa ada), sustenance (rizq) and one's term (ajal), the
three inevitable and irresistible manifestations of fate. In the Islamic period not only these major aspects of life are governed and controlled by the Omnipotent; the destiny
of the universe, in even its most minute details, is determined and controlled by God alone. Astrology was considered to be of no value whatsoever, and its practitioners were subject to the death penalty. These two irreconcilable views are evident in early Islamic poetry, which reflected clearly the response of poets, and society, to astrology from the perspective of qadar.
When the orthodox caliphate was replaced by dynastic rule the status of astrology was changed dramatically. The idea that the stars, as indicators, play a role in the life of
human beings found popowerful supporters in some governors of the Islamic world, who allowed astrology to fulfil a public function regardless of the hostility of the official
religion of that society. This social phenomenon generated rich material of a controversial character in the realm of literature. Investigating the factors, motivations
and impact of mediaeval political, theological and philosophical attitudes to astrology, in relation to the notions of free will and predestination, is the concern of this study
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