1,721,024 research outputs found
First and second generation impacts of the Biafran war
No full textWe analyze long-term impacts of the 1967-1970 Nigerian Civil War, providing the first evidence of intergenerational impacts. War exposure among women results in reduced adult stature, an increased likelihood of being overweight, earlier age at first birth, and lower educational attainment. War exposure of mothers has adverse impacts on next-generation child survival, growth, and education. Impacts vary with age of exposure. For the mother and child health outcomes, the largest impacts stem from adolescent exposure. Exposure to a primary education program mitigates impacts of war exposure. War exposure leads to men marrying later and having fewer children
The Analytical Returns to Measuring a Detailed Household Roster
Get PDFHouseholds are dynamic while most surveys only collect information on individuals who are present at a single point in time. We exploit a unique and thorough household membership enumeration in Burkina Faso to consider the analytical costs of the typical static household roster. We document that households are extremely fluid with 10 percent of individuals spending sometime away over a three year period, averaging 16 of the 36 months away. The residency status of persons age 16 to 24 is most in flux. A more complete enumeration offers substantial analytical richness that is especially important for the analysis of issues that are intertwined with who is present in the household, such as the measurement of income inequality and the nature of sibling interactions in education decisions. We find that evidence of sibling rivalry in Burkina Faso appears to owe to the correlation between the presence of sisters in a household and nonagricultural income. We argue for more detailed and thorough measurement of household composition in future multi-purpose household surveys.sibling rivalry, Lorenz curves, household composition, schooling
Wars and Child Health: Evidence from the Eritrean-Ethiopian Conflict
Get PDFThis is the first paper using household survey data from two countries involved in an international war (Eritrea and Ethiopia) to measure the conflict’s impact on children's health in both nations. The identification strategy uses event data to exploit exogenous variation in the conflict's geographic extent and timing and the exposure of different children's birth cohorts to the fighting. The paper uniquely incorporates GPS information on the distance between survey villages and conflict sites to more accurately measure a child’s war exposure. War-exposed children in both countries have lower height-for-age Z-scores, with the children in the war-instigating and losing country (Eritrea) suffering more than the winning nation (Ethiopia). Negative impacts on boys and girls of being born during the conflict are comparable to impacts for children alive at the time of the war. Effects are robust to including region-specific time trends, alternative conflict exposure measures, and an instrumental variables strategy.child health, conflict, economic shocks, Africa
Adjusting Household Structure: School Enrollment Impacts of Child Fostering in Burkina Faso
Get PDFResearchers claim that children growing up away from their biological parents may be at a disadvantage and have lower human capital investment. This paper measures the impact of child fostering on school enrollment and uses household and child fixed effects regressions to address the endogeneity of fostering. Data collection by the author involved tracking and interviewing the sending and receiving household participating in of foster children with their non-fostered biological siblings. Foster children are equally likely as their host siblings to be enrolled after fostering and are 3.6 percent more likely to be enrolled than their biological siblings. Relative to children from non-fostering households, host siblings, biological siblings, and foster children all experience increased enrollment after the fostering exchange, indicating fostering may help insulate poor households from adverse shocks. This Pareto improvement in schooling translates into a long-run improvement in educational and occupational attainment
Adjusting Household Structure : School Enrollment Impacts of Child Fostering in Burkina Faso
Get PDFResearchers claim that children growing up away from their biological parents may be at a
disadvantage and have lower human capital investment. This paper measures the impact of
child fostering on school enrollment and uses household and child fixed effects regressions
to address the endogeneity of fostering. Data collection by the author involved tracking and
interviewing the sending and receiving household participating in each fostering exchange,
allowing a comparison of foster children with their non-fostered biological siblings. Foster
children are equally likely as their host siblings to be enrolled after fostering and are 3.6
percent more likely to be enrolled than their biological siblings. Relative to children from nonfostering
households, host siblings, biological siblings, and foster children all experience
increased enrollment after the fostering exchange, indicating fostering may help insulate poor
households from adverse shocks. This Pareto improvement in schooling translates into a
long-run improvement in educational and occupational attainment
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Exports, quality, and product differentiation : evidence from argentine manufacturing firms
Get PDFFil: Fernández Guerrico, Sofía. Universidad de San Andrés. Departamento de Economía; Argentina.Este documento explora la relación entre la adopción de certificaciones internacionales de calidad, la diferenciación de producto y el desempeño exportador de firmas manufactureras argentinas. Utilizo datos de una encuesta de firmas manufactureras y registros
administrativos de aduana que contienen información sobre el valor total de las exportaciones
de cada empresa por tipo de producto y país de destino. Clasifico los productos en diferenciados y no diferenciados, y uso la certificación ISO 9001 como proxy de la capacidad de las
firmas de producir productos de alta calidad. Por un lado, muestro que los valores unitarios
de exportación a nivel empresa-producto-destino-a~ no son más altos para las empresas con
certificaciones de calidad, en promedio. Por otro lado, utilizando la devaluación del tipo de
cambio argentino de 2002 como fuente de variación externa de la demanda de exportaciones,
encuentro que inicialmente las empresas de alta calidad aumentaron las exportaciones de
bienes diferenciados a destinos de altos ingresos más que empresas de baja calidad después
de la devaluación. Estos resultados indican que las políticas que promueven la adopción de
certificaciones de calidad pueden facilitar la inserción de firmas locales en el mercado exportador y promover el desarrollo de ventaja comparativas en productos diferenciados
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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