1,123 research outputs found
Geçici konut ünitelerinin çok kriterli karar verme yöntemleri ile değerlendirilmesi.
No full textDisasters caused by natural hazards or socio-political crises pose widespread damage or mass migration on built environment resulted with loss of housing. To meet accommodation needs of disaster victims, post disaster temporary accommodation units, including temporary sheltering and temporary housing units, are common solutions not only to bridge the gap until permanent housing are ready to use but also to provide physical and psychological rehabilitation. As post-disaster accommodation units are absolutely diversified from the housing production in usual conditions with respect to necessity of prompt readiness and instant as well as extensive response, the management of provision, design and construction of them require rapid and organizational evaluation. Even a permanent housing needs a challenging decision-making process for designers, decision-making process of post-disaster temporary housing units is one of the most contradictive and uncommon architectural design problems due to its crucial role on the recovery period of community. As the design guidelines of temporary housing units have not been well-emphasized in a systematic approach; in current practice, to overcome sheltering problem of victims, ready-made or instantly developed temporary housing units are applied by top-down decisions. Nevertheless, temporary accommodation projects that are evaluated with ad hoc decision-making approaches generally yield various social, environmental and economic problems. Although several studies have been carried out contributing on qualifications of temporary units, there isn’t any contribution on the issue of the decision-making process of temporary housing units. This dissertation presents a generalized road map with several aspects based on multi-criteria decision-making methods for evaluation of temporary accommodation units with respect to conducted research on literature varying from diverse cases. For the decision-making process of temporary accommodation units, this method has been proposed from an architectural point of view and several real-case studies have been applied to present the practicality of the model. The presented approach aims not only to reach the most rational alternative for each case and its diverse specifications but also direct designers to carry out a design process with contextual approach.M.S. - Master of Scienc
AFET SONRASI VE ÇATIŞMA SONRASI GEÇİCİ BARINMA YERLEŞİMLERİ İÇİN 3 BOYUTLU BİR YERLEŞİM OLUŞTURMA MODELİ
No full textTemporary housing settlements are one of the most significant post-crisis sheltering responses following devastating disasters and forced displacement. However, the urgency to provide immediate shelter often leads to the use of conventional methods that may overlook essential spatial design and contextual considerations. Considering the need for a new approach to settlement generation, this study introduces a novel model based on space layout design for the 3D layout generation of post-disaster and post-conflict (PDPC) temporary housing settlements. This research adopts a three-step methodology. First, design criteria and guidelines for PDPC temporary housing settlements, along with existing space layout design schemas, were thoroughly investigated. Second, a 3D layout generation model was developed based on identified requirements and constraints The model was then applied in two case studies focusing on the aftermath of the 2023 Türkiye earthquakes in Iskenderun and Şanlıurfa. The various community alternatives generated by the model were assessed within these specific contexts. Lastly, the model’s applicability was reviewed, and guidelines for future iterations were presented. Unlike prevalent approaches that primarily focus on housing design, this proposed model prioritizes design criteria and guidelines affecting spatial design and contextual considerations. It has the potential to significantly benefit affected communities by facilitating the generation of livable neighborhoods while also providing guidance for humanitarian workers engaged in the provision and design of PDPC settlements. This model offers a promising avenue for enhancing sheltering response efforts, potentially reshaping post-crisis recovery.Geçici barınma yerleşimleri, yıkıcı afetler ve yerinden edilmeler sonrası başvurulan en önemli barınma çözümlerinden biridir. Ancak, hızlı müdahale gerekliliği, temel mekânsal ve bağlamsal unsurların çoğu zaman göz ardı edilerek geleneksel yöntemlerin kullanılmasına yol açabilmektedir. Bu bağlamda, yerleşim oluşturma süreçlerinde yeni bir yaklaşıma duyulan ihtiyacı karşılamak amacıyla, bu çalışma, afet ve çatışma sonrası geçici barınma yerleşimlerinin 3 boyutlu tasarımını oluşturan mekân düzenleme tasarımına dayalı yenilikçi bir model sunmaktadır. Üç aşamalı bir metodolojinin benimsendiği bu çalışmada, ilk olarak afet ve çatışma sonrası geçici barınma yerleşimlerine ilişkin tasarım kriterleri ve kılavuz ilkeler ile mevcut mekân düzenleme tasarım şemaları kapsamlı bir şekilde analiz edilmiştir. İkinci aşamada, belirlenen gereksinimler ve kısıtlamalar doğrultusunda 3 boyutlu bir yerleşim modeli geliştirilmiş ve bu model, 2023 Türkiye depremlerinden etkilenen İskenderun ve Şanlıurfa özelinde gerçekleştirilen vaka çalışmaları aracılığıyla uygulanmıştır. Üçüncü aşamada ise, önerilen modelin bağlamsal değerlendirmesi yapılmış ve gelecekteki olası iyileştirmeler için kılavuz ilkeler sunulmuştur. Yaygın olarak konut tasarımına odaklanan mevcut yaklaşımların aksine, bu çalışma mekânsal tasarım ve bağlamsal hususları ön plana çıkaran tasarım kriterlerini ve kılavuzlarını temel almaktadır. Model, yaşanabilir kriz sonrası yerleşimlerin oluşturulmasına katkı sağlarken, aynı zamanda insani yardım görevlilerine kriz sonrası yerleşim sağlama ve tasarımı konusunda rehberlik etme potansiyeline sahiptir. Geliştirilen bu model ile, afet ve çatışma sonrası barınma müdahalelerinin iyileştirilebilmesi için umut verici bir yol sunulmuştur.Ph.D. - Doctoral ProgramTÜBİTAK - 1002-C Natural Disasters-Focused Fieldwork Emergency Support Progra
L'homme et le Nil au Paléolithique final
No full textHumans and the Nile at the end of the paleolithic period.
The author attempts to describe the attitude of humans toward the changes of the Nil in prehistoric Egypt during the period from 14000 to 7000 B.P.Dans ces quelques pages nous essayerons de détecter l'attitude de l'homme préhistorique en Égypte (fig. 1) tout au long de quelque sept mille ans, face aux changements successifs du régime nilotique.Vermeersch P. M. L'homme et le Nil au Paléolithique final. In: Archéo-Nil. Revue de la société pour l'étude des cultures prépharaoniques de la vallée du Nil, n°4, 1994. La gestion de l'eau dans l'Égypte ancienne. pp. 5-16
Evaluation of temporary housing units with multi-criteria decision making methods
No full textDisasters caused by natural hazards or socio-political crises pose widespread damage or mass migration on built environment resulted with loss of housing. To meet accommodation needs of disaster victims, post disaster temporary accommodation units, including temporary sheltering and temporary housing units, are common solutions not only to bridge the gap until permanent housing are ready to use but also to provide physical and psychological rehabilitation. As post-disaster accommodation units are absolutely diversified from the housing production in usual conditions with respect to necessity of prompt readiness and instant as well as extensive response, the management of provision, design and construction of them require rapid and organizational evaluation. Even a permanent housing needs a challenging decision-making process for designers, decision-making process of post-disaster temporary housing units is one of the most contradictive and uncommon architectural design problems due to its crucial role on the recovery period of community. As the design guidelines of temporary housing units have not been well-emphasized in a systematic approach; in current practice, to overcome sheltering problem of victims, ready-made or instantly developed temporary housing units are applied by top-down decisions. Nevertheless, temporary accommodation projects that are evaluated with ad hoc decision-making approaches generally yield various social, environmental and economic problems. Although several studies have been carried out contributing on qualifications of temporary units, there isn’t any contribution on the issue of the decision-making process of temporary housing units. This dissertation presents a generalized road map with several aspects based on multi-criteria decision-making methods for evaluation of temporary accommodation units with respect to conducted research on literature varying from diverse cases. For the decision-making process of temporary accommodation units, this method has been proposed from an architectural point of view and several real-case studies have been applied to present the practicality of the model. The presented approach aims not only to reach the most rational alternative for each case and its diverse specifications but also direct designers to carry out a design process with contextual approach
De novo transcriptome assembly of Ipomoea nil using Illumina sequencing for gene discovery and SSR marker identification
No full textIpomoea nil is widely used as an ornamental plant due to its abundance of flower color, but the limited transcriptome and genomic data hinder research on it. Using illumina platform, transcriptome profiling of I. nil was performed through high-throughput sequencing, which was proven to be a rapid and cost-effective means to characterize gene content. Our goal is to use the resulting information to facilitate the relevant research on flowering and flower color formation in I. nil. In total, 268 million unique illumina RNA-Seq reads were produced and used in the transcriptome assembly. These reads were assembled into 220,117 contigs, of which 137,307 contigs were annotated using the GO and KEGG database. Based on the result of functional annotations, a total of 89,781 contigs were assigned 455,335 GO term annotations. Meanwhile, 17,418 contigs were identified with pathway annotation and they were functionally assigned to 144 KEGG pathways. Our transcriptome revealed at least 55 contigs as probably flowering-related genes in I. nil, and we also identified 25 contigs that encode key enzymes in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway. Based on the analysis relating to gene expression profiles, in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway of I. nil, the repression of lignin biosynthesis might lead to the redirection of the metabolic flux into anthocyanin biosynthesis. This may be the most likely reason that I. nil has high anthocyanins content, especially in its flowers. Additionally, 15,537 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were detected using the MISA software, and these SSRs will undoubtedly benefit future breeding work. Moreover, the information uncovered in this study will also serve as a valuable resource for understanding the flowering and flower color formation mechanisms in I. nil
Nil, nilpotent and PI-algebras
No full textThe notions of nil, nilpotent or PI-rings (= rings satisfying a polynomial identity) play an important role in ring theory (see e.g. [8], [11], [20]). Banach algebras with these properties have been studied considerably less and the existing results are scattered in the literature. The only exception is the work of Krupnik [13], where the Gelfand theory of Banach PI-algebras is presented. However, even this work has not get so much attention as it deserves. The present paper is an attempt to give a survey of results concerning Banach nil, nilpotent and PI-algebras. The author would like to thank to J. Zemánek for essential completion of the bibliography
Risala al Nil (textual analysis critical text)
No full textBu tez çalışması Risâle-i Nil ve Kitâbu’s-Selsebîl ʿalâ Evsâfı‘n-Nil adlı eserlerin edisyon kritiği, dil özellikleri ve dizininden ibarettir. Her iki eser de karşılaştırmalı olarak dil özellikleri açısından Eski Anadolu Türkçesi metnidir. Eserin yazarı belli olmayıp kütüphanelerde herhangi bir koleksiyona ait değildir. Çalışma giriş, üç bölüm ve kısa bir sonuçtan oluşmaktadır Giriş bölümünde halk hikâyeleri, mensur eserler ve risaleler hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Bu bilgilerin ışığında klasik Türk edebiyatında halk hikâyelerinde Risâle-i Nil ve Kitâbu’s-Selsebîl ʿalâ Evsâfı‘n-Nil’in yeri belirlenmiştir. Birinci bölümde; müellif ve eser hakkında bilgilere yer verilmiştir. İkinci bölümde eser; konu, dil ve içerik yönüyle incelenmiştir. Dil özellikleri kısmında metin; eserin dil hususiyetleri, yazılış özellikleri ve şekil bilgisi açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde ise metnin iki nüshadan hareketle hazırlanan tenkitli çeviri yazısı transkripsiyonlu olarak Latin harflerine aktarılarak verilmiştir. Sonuç kısmında ise çalışmayla ilgili bilgiler ve bulgular sunulmuştur.This thesis consists of a transcribed textual comparison, linguistic features and concordance of Risala al-Nil and Kitabu al-Selsebil ala Evsaf al-Nil. Both works are Old Anatolian Turkish texts in terms of comparative language features. The author of the work is unknown and it does not belong to any collection in libraries. Our study consists of an introduction, three chapters and a short conclusion. In the introduction, information about folk tales, prose works and treatises is given. In the light of this information, the place of Risala al-Nil and Kitabu al-Selsebil ala Evsaf al-Nil in folk tales in classical Turkish literature was determined. Part one; information about the author and the work is given. In the second part, the work is analyzed in terms of subject, language and content. Text on language features; the linguistic features of the work were evaluated in terms of spelling and morphology. In the third part, a critical translation of the text based on two copies of the text is given in Latin letters with transcription. In the conclusion section, information and findings related to the study are presented
The NIL Paradox: How Unfettered NIL Rights Will Shrink Student-Athlete Opportunities
No full textIn 2019, California passed the Fair Pay to Play Act which granted student-athletes (“SAs”) attending institutions within the state the right to monetize the use of their name, image, and likeness (“NIL”). That enactment ushered in the most transformative change in college sports since the National Collegiate Athletic Association’s (“NCAA”) decision over 50 years ago to allow freshman eligibility to play varsity football. The California law, coupled with the subsequent Supreme Court decision in NCAA v. Alston, which held that the NCAA’s limitations on education-related SA benefits constituted an unlawful restraint of trade under the Sherman Act, unleashed a tidal wave of states legislation conferring SAs within their borders the right to receive compensation for the use of their NIL. In the immediate aftermath of Alston, more than 30 states enacted a version of the Fair Pay to Play Act, creating a dizzying patchwork of NIL laws. In scarcely the two years since Alston, the NIL landscape has devolved into what many describe as the “Wild West” resulting in virtually every stakeholder in this new economy—the NCAA, college leaders and coaches, SAs, and collectives—to plea for federal regulation to bring uniformity and order to the extant chaos. The author concurs with the call for reform and Congressional action. However, this Article argues that key areas of NIL reform—expanded access to institution intellectual property and assets (“IP”) and the elimination of restricted deal categories—are ill-considered and, indeed, will have a material, adverse impact on athletic department wellness
Theobroxide inhibits stem elongation in Pharbitis nil by regulating jasmonic acid and gibberellin biosynthesis
No full textIn this study, exogenous factors affecting the elongation growth in the short day plant, Pharbitis nil, was investigated. Theobroxide inhibited stem elongation in Pharbitis nil both under short day (SD) and long day (LD) conditions. Salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM), an inhibitor of jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis, and GA3 recovered the inhibitory effect of theobroxide on stem elongation. Quantitative analysis of JA showed that the level of endogenous JA increased significantly in theobroxide treated plants, while exogenously applied GA3 and SHAM suppressed JA biosynthesis stimulated by theobroxide. The activity of lipoxygenase (LOX, the key enzyme of JA biosynthesis) also was stimulated by theobroxide and this stimulation was nullified by SHAM and GA3. Quantitative analysis of GA1 showed that theobroxide suppressed GA1 biosynthesis. In non theobroxide treated Pharbitis nil, SD conditions stimulated JA biosynthesis and LOX activity, while GA1 biosynthesis was suppressed. All these results suggest that JA probably is involved negatively in the control of stem elongation, and the balance between JA and gibberellin might determine the stem growth in Pharbitis nil
Nil-extensions of simple and right -inverse ordered semigroups
No full textAn ordered semigroup is right -inverse if it is -inverse but not conversely. So the question arises under what condition the converse holds. In this paper we study nil-extensions of simple and right -inverse ordered semigroups and prove that is right -inverse if and only if is -inverse in a -Archimedean ordered semigroup. Moreover, we characterize complete semilattice of nil-extensions of simple and right -inverse ordered semigroups.arXiv admin note: text overlap with 2407.14569; text overlap with arXiv:1701.07189, arXiv:1701.07185 by other author
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