88 research outputs found
How "black" is the black sheep compared to all others? Turkey and the EU
No full textIn this paper we question the validity of the arguments against Turkey's membership of the EU and challenge the political wisdom of excluding Turkey from Europe. First, we argue that fundamental European values are not as uniform as they are made out to be. There are significant differences among the member states and the different European regions on basic values relating to religion and democracy. Second, we argue that many of Turkey's supposed cultural differences with the rest of Europe are in fact unsubstantiated. We support our arguments by analyzing widely available macroeconomic evidence and the data from the European Values Study, 1999 (EVS99).Turkey, EU, Institutions, Institutional Analysis, Values, EVS
Surface-charge effects on the electro-orientation of insulating boron-nitride nanotubes in aqueous suspension
No full textThe alignment of hexagonal boron-nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) in aqueous KCl solutions under spatially uniform electric fields was examined experimentally, using direct optical visualization to probe the orientation dynamics of individual BNNTs for different electric-field frequencies. Different from most previously studied nanowires and nanotubes, BNNTs are wide-bandgap materials which are essentially insulating at room temperature. We analyze the electro-orientation of BNNTs in the general context of polarizable cylindrical particles in liquid suspensions, whose behavior can fall into different regimes, including alignment due to Maxwell-Wagner induced dipoles at high frequencies, and alignment due to fluid motion of the electrical double layer around the particles at lower frequencies. For BNNTs, the variation of the crossover frequencies in the electro-orientation spectra was studied in electrolytes of different conductivity. The effect of BNNT surface charge on electro-orientation was further studied by changing the pH of the aqueous solution. We find that the electric-field alignment of the BNNTs in the low-frequency regime is associated with the charging and motion of the electrical double layer around the particle. However, as BNNTs are non-conducting particles, the reasons for the formation of the electrical double layer are likely to be different than that of conducting particles. We discuss two possible mechanisms for the double-layer formation and alignment of 1D dielectric particles, and make comparison to those for the more commonly studied conducting particles.Peer reviewe
Social Capital, Innovation and Growth: Evidence from Europe
No full textThis paper investigates the interplay between social capital, innovation and economic growth in the European Union. We identify innovation as an important mechanism that transforms social capital into economic growth. In an empirical investigation of 102 European regions in the period 1990-2002, we show that higher innovation performance is conducive to economic growth and that social capital affects growth indirectly by fostering innovation. Our estimates suggest that there is only a limited role for a direct effect of social capital on economic growth.Social capital, Innovation, Economic growth, European Union
Bridges in social capital: A review of the definitions and the social capital of social capital researchers
No full textThere has been a recent surge of interest in social economics and social capital. Articles on social capital that are published in the last five years constitute more than 60 percent of all articles on social capital. Research on social capital is now massive and spans sociology, economics, management, political science and health sciences. Despite this interest there is still not a consensus on the definition and the measurement of social capital. This paper argues that this is due to lack of interaction between disciplines. The social capital of social capital researchers is low between disciplines. Different from other theories of capital, social capital theory has concurrently been developed by various disciplines and as such, advancements in social capital research could only be achieved by conducting cross-disciplinary research.Capital, social capital, co-authorship network, network analysis, diffusion processes
Author lexicography and a theoretical evaluation on author dictionaries prepared in Turkey
No full textBatı literatüründe "author lexicography" ve "writer lexicography" ve Rus sözlükçülük geleneğinde "pisatel'skaya leksikografiya" ve "avtorskaya leksikografiya" adlandırmalarıyla karşılanan yazar sözlükleri hem dünyada hem de Türkiye'de birçok örneği olan genel sözlük tipolojisinde bir alt tür olarak yer alan sözlük türüdür. Genel sözlük tanımlarından ve uygulamalarından farklı olarak "yazar sözlükleri"yle ilgili birbirinden farklı özellikte uygulama örneklerinin yaygınlaşması bu uygulama alanıyla ilgili teorik çalışmalara da bir ihtiyaç olduğu gerçeğini ortaya koymuştur. İşte bu ihtiyacı karşılamak amacıyla yazar sözlüklerinin tarihi, amaçları, yöntemleri, makro ve mikro yapısı, tipolojisi gibi konular üzerine Türkiye dışında birçok çalışma yapılmış, teoriler, yöntemler belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Türkiye'de de birçok yazar sözlüğü örneği bulunmakla birlikte hem adlandırmayla ilgili birtakım karışıklıkların hem de uygulamada birtakım sorunların olduğu görülmektedir. Türkiye'deki yazar sözlüğü uygulamalarıyla ilgili bu belirsizliğe sebep olarak da yazar sözlüğünü oluşturan bileşenlerin belli bir parametreye sahip olmaması görülmektedir. Bu tez çalışmasında öncelikle Türkiye dışındaki yazar sözlüğüyle ilgili teorik çalışmalar incelenmiş, ardından hem Batı'daki yazar sözlüğü örnekleri hem de Türkiye'deki uygulamalar incelenerek yazar sözlüklerinin mega, makro ve mikro yapıları oluşturulmaya çalışılmıştır.
Author dictionaries, which called "author lexicography" and "writer lexicography" in Western literature and "pisatel'skaya lexicographyya" and "avtorskaya lexicography" in the Russian lexicography tradition, are a type of dictionary that is included as a subgenre in general dictionary typology, which has many examples both in the world and in Turkey. Unlike general dictionary definitions and applications, the spread of application examples with distinctive characteristics related to "author dictionaries" has revealed the fact that there is a need for theoretical studies related to this field of application. To meet this need, many studies have been carried out outside Turkey on topics such as the history, purposes, methods, macro and microstructure, typology of author dictionaries, and theories and methods have been tried to be determined. Although there are many examples of authors' dictionaries in Turkey, it is seen that there are some confusions about naming and some problems in practice. The reason for this uncertainty about the author dictionary practices in Turkey is that the components that make up the author dictionary do not have a certain parameter. In this thesis study, firstly, theoretical studies related to the author dictionary outside Turkey were examined, then both the examples of author dictionaries in the West and the practices in Turkey were examined to create mega, macro and microstructures of author dictionaries
To what extent may the unfavorable viewpoints of critics on E. A. Poe's use of horror and social satire in his stories be refuted by examples from and analysis of the author's eight short stories?
No full textWith numerous short stories and poems, Edgar Allan Poe is considered to be the piquant and
astounding milestone of the American Literature. Yet, his style and achievements have always
been interpreted antagonistically by large numbers of critics. This study analyzes the features
unique to Edgar Allan Poe in his short stories “Murders In The Rue Morgue”, “The Fall of
The House of Usher”, “A Tale of Jerusalem”, “The Pit and The Pendulum”, “The System of
Doctor Tarr and Professor Fether”, “A Cask Of Amonillado”, “The Masque of Red Death”
and “The Man That Was Used Up” while refuting to chosen examples of negative reviews
about Edgar Allan Poe.
Due to the fact that Edgar Allan Poe is well-known for his usage horror, satire, humor and
fiction in his short stories, these qualities have been criticized mostly by many writers and
philosophers as well. In this sense, the scope of the study will be sharpened on how these
techniques are used in his short stories to make them nonpareil and what was Edgar Allan
Poe’s authorial intention while utilizing these attributes in his works. At this point the analysis
of the characters, themes and plot will be prioritized compared to the language and style that
Edgar Allan Poe uses in his texts.
Since the criticism against Poe focus on the usefulness of such features in his short stories and
how they intimidate the reader from the text, the study proves that the gap between Poe and
the reader is a simple issue of reciprocal misunderstanding which is proven to be artificial and
bogus with examples and facts from his short stories
The importance of occupations in the Turkish labor market: job and wage polarization
No full textRecent literature has identified three trends in the labor markets of the industrialized countries: (i) employment share of services sector has increased, (ii) employment share in low and high skilled occupations has increased (job polarization), (iii) and similarly wages in the low and high skilled occupations have increased relative to middling jobs (wage polarization). In this paper, we investigate the existence of such findings in the Turkish labor market for the 2004-2010 period using Labor Force Survey data. We found evidence for wage and job polarization. Next, we show that occupations have significant contribution in explaining the change in wage distribution. In the literature, reasons behind these patterns are investigated using data on task composition of occupations. However, no such data is available for Turkey. Thus, to conduct research in identifying the sources of recent trends in the labour market, compiling data on occupation-task decomposition is important
Incubators as tools for entrepreneurship promotion in developing countries
No full textThis paper reviews the literature on incubators in developed and developing countries. We show that the concept of incubators has evolved in time according to market and firm needs. Contemporary successful incubators are profit-oriented, provide a wide range of services, focus more on intangible business services, and employ qualified managers and support staff. By drawing lessons from country experiences we assess the appropriateness of incubators as a tool for entrepreneurship promotion in developing countries. The main weaknesses of incubators in developing countries are: (i) focus on tangible services rather than intangible services, (ii) dependence on government, (iii) lack of management and qualified personnel, (iv) lack of incubator planning and creativeness in solving problems. Most successful incubators display a creative and innovative character in approaching problems of tenant companies. This is of course correlated with the quality of the incubator management staff. Moreover, incubators reflect the institutional set-up, creativity, and policy innovativeness in a society. Therefore policy on incubators should be well-integrated with other policies for entrepreneurship promotion and economic development, such as education and institutional deregulation
How do social capital and government support affect innovation and growth? Evidence from the EU regional support programmes
No full textThis research investigates the role of social capital and government intervention in explaining the differences of innovation output and economic growth for regions of the European Union from 1990-2002. Using several measures of social capital and innovation, and the European Union’s Objective 1, 2 and 5b figures for EU regional support, the estimates suggest that EU funding is not significantly contributing to economic outcomes, while social capital is. Investigation of a possible complementary relationship between social capital and government support reveals that regions with higher levels of social capital are more likely to effectively gain from EU regional support programmes. This result implies that aside from the benefits associated with the direct effect of social capital on economic outcomes, social capital appears to be a critical prerequisite for the effective implementation of government programmes. From a policy perspective, it appears to be important to stimulate education to foster human capital formation. When combined, human capital and social capital are likely to yield stronger effects for effective policies which increase economic outcomes.Social capital, Innovation, Economic growth, European Union, Structural funds
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