1,721,530 research outputs found
Utilizing biomarkers in colorectal cancer: an interview with Ajay Goel
No full text Ajay Goel speaks to Rachel Jenkins, Commissioning Editor. Ajay Goel, PhD, is a Professor and Director, Center for Gastrointestinal Research, and Director, Center for Translational Genomics and Oncology, at the Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center in Dallas, Texas. Dr Goel has spent more than 20 years researching cancer and has been the lead author or contributor to over 240 scientific articles published in peer-reviewed international journals and several book chapters. He is also a primary inventor on more than 15 international patents aimed at developing various biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of gastrointestinal cancers. He is currently using advanced genomic and transcriptomic approaches to develop novel DNA- and miRNA-based biomarkers for the early detection of colorectal cancers. In addition, he is researching the prevention of gastrointestinal cancers using integrative and alternative approaches, including botanical products such as curcumin (from turmeric) and boswellia. Dr Goel is a member of the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) and the American Gastroenterology Association (AGA) and is on the international editorial boards of several journals including Gastroenterology, Clinical Cancer Research, Carcinogenesis, PLoS ONE, Scientific Reports, Epigenomics, Future Medicine, Alternative Therapies in Heath and Medicine and World Journal of Gastroenterology. He is also actively involved in peer-reviewing activities for more than 100 international scientific journals and various grant review panels of various national and international funding organizations. His research has been actively funded by various private and federal organizations, including funding from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) at the NIH, American Cancer Society (ACS) and other state organizations. He has won more than dozen awards and honors, including the Union of European Gastroenterology Federation's Distinguished Researcher Award, multiple Poster of Distinction Awards from the AGA, and Visiting Professorships from various national and international academic institutions and academic bodies. Some of his key research interests include: Understanding the basic genetics and epigenetic basis of gastrointestinal cancers; Use of epigenetic markers, both DNA and RNA, for the early detection of colorectal, pancreatic and other gastrointestinal cancers; Personalized medicine and treatment of gastrointestinal cancers; Chemoprevention, using complementary and alternative approaches using nutraceuticals such as curcumin, green tea, resveratrol and other botanicals. </jats:p
Abstract IA18: Noncoding RNA biomarkers in gastrointestinal cancers
No full textAbstract
Cancer has emerged as a leading cause of mortality worldwide, claiming over 8 million lives annually. Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers account for ~35% of these mortalities. Recent advances in diagnostic and treatment strategies have reduced mortality among GI cancer patients, yet a significant number of patients still develop late-stage cancer, where treatment options are inadequate. Emerging interests in “liquid biopsies” have encouraged investigators to identify and develop clinically-relevant noninvasive genomic and epigenomic signatures that can be exploited both as biomarkers capable of detecting premalignant and early-stage cancers, and as therapeutics for targeted cancer treatment. In this context, microRNAs (miRNAs), which are small non-coding RNAs that are frequently dysregulated in cancers have emerged as promising entities for development as liquid biopsy biomarkers. Albeit the future looks promising, current approaches for detecting miRNAs in blood and other biofluids remain inadequate. This presentation will summarize an update on exploiting circulating miRNAs as cancer biomarkers and evaluating their potential as tissue-based, and more importantly as liquid biopsies in GI cancers.
Citation Format: Ajay Goel. Noncoding RNA biomarkers in gastrointestinal cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Colorectal Cancer: From Initiation to Outcomes; 2016 Sep 17-20; Tampa, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(3 Suppl):Abstract nr IA18.</jats:p
A microRNA signature for risk-stratification and response prediction to FOLFOX-based adjuvant therapy in stage II and III colorectal cancer
Full text linkThe present work was supported by the CA72851, CA181572, CA184792, and CA187956 grants from the National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health; RP140784 from the Cancer Prevention Research Institute of Texas; grants from the Sammons Cancer Center and Baylor Foundation, as well as funds from the Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA awarded to Ajay Goel. The present work was also supported by Catalan Agency for Management of University and Research Grants (AGAUR) (2014-SGR-474 and 2017-SGR-1174), Fundació la Marató de TV3 (201330.10), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI13/01728 and PI19/00740) and Fundacion Olga Torres (Modalitat A. 2019/2020) to Joan Maurel
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Abstract 3355: Identification of a novel network of miRNAs that regulate stemness in colorectal cancer
No full textAbstract
Background and Aims: Accumulating evidence suggests that a subset of cancer cells also known as the “cancer stem cells” (CSCs) influence various clinical outcomes in cancer, including tumor recurrence, metastasis and resistance to chemotherapy. Recently stemness has been recognized as a dynamic state governed by epigenetic modifiers including miRNAs. Despite identification of several self-renewal associated miRNAs, miRNA profile of CSCs remains unclear. Herein, we characterized miRNA expression of CSCs with high vs. low CD44v6 expression through RNA-Seq. Subsequently, we investigated the clinical significance of a novel miRNA identified from this systematic discovery approach.
Methods: Colorectal CSCs from HCT116 and HT29 cells were grown as spheroid-derived cancer stem cells (SDCSCs). CD44v6+ and CD44v6- CSCs were subdivided by FACS and characterized by small RNA-Seq. Differentially expressed miRNAs were subsequently confirmed in CD44v6+ CSCs and chemoresistant cells. The expression of one such candidate, miR-1246, was assessed in a clinical cohort (n = 144) by qRT-PCR.
Results: MiRNA profiling identified a unique overall pattern of CD44v6+ SDCSCs indicative of high self-renewal capacity. We noted that a panel of established self-renewal suppressive-miRNAs were downregulated (including miR-34a, 101 and 200 family) in CD44v6+ CSCs, and discovered upregulation of previously unreported miRNAs (miR-1246, 3605, 3182 and 4284). KEGG pathway analysis indicated that these miRNAs regulate Akt-MAPK and Wnt signaling pathways. Subsequently, we selected miR-1246 and validated its expression in CD44v6+ SDCSCs and chemoresistant cells. Clinically, the expression of miR-1246 was significantly elevated in CRC tissues compared to corresponding normal mucosa, and this occurred in a stage-dependent manner in primary CRCs. Furthermore, the expression of CD44v6 positively correlated with miR-1246 in CRC tissues. High miR-1246 expression resulted in poor disease free and overall survival.
Conclusion: Using a systematic and comprehensive approach, we have identified a unique network of dysregulated miRNAs in CD44v6 CSCs indicative of high degree of stemness features in cancer. In particular, we identified miR-1246 to be frequently overexpressed in CSCs as well as chemoresistant cells and its expression was associated with poor prognosis in CRC patients. Collectively, we have identified a unique group of previously unreported miRNAs which appear to have important mechanistic roles in CSCs and could serve as a promising predictive biomarkers for recurrence and prognosis in patients with CRC.
Citation Format: Shusuke Toden, Takatoshi Matsuyama, Elizabeth Hutchins, Kendall Jensen, Ajay Goel. Identification of a novel network of miRNAs that regulate stemness in colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3355. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3355</jats:p
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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