1,720,967 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Fine Root Biomass And Root Length Density In A Lowland And A Montane Tropical Rain Forest, Sp, Brazil [biomassa De Raízes Finas E Densidade Do Comprimento Radicular Em Uma Floresta Tropical Chuvosa De Terras Baixas E Montana, Sp, Brasil]
No full textFine roots, <2 mm in diameter, are responsible for water and nutrient uptake and therefore have a central role in carbon, nutrient and water cycling at the plant and ecosystem level. The root length density (RLD), fine root biomass (FRB) and vertical fine root distribution (VRD) in the soil profile have been used as good descriptors of resource-use efficiency and carbon storage in the soil. Along altitudinal gradients, decreases in temperature and radiation inputs (depending on the frequency of fog events) may reduce decomposition rates and nutrient availability what might stimulate plants to invest in fine roots, increasing acquisition of resources. We evaluated the seasonal variation of fine root parameters in a Lowland and Montane forest at the Atlantic Rain Forest. We hypothesized that, due to lower decomposition rates at the Montane site, the FRB and RLD at soil surface will be higher in this altitude, which can maximize the efficiency of resource absorption. FRB and RLD were higher in the Montane forest in both seasons, especially at the 0-5 layer. At the 0-5 soil layer in both sites, RLD increased from dry to wet season independently of variations in FRB. Total FRB in the top 30 cm of the soil at the Lowland site was significantly lower (334 g.m -2 in the dry season and 219 g.m -2 in the wet season) than at the Montane forest (875 and 451 g.m -2 in the dry and wet season, respectively). In conclusion, despite the relevance of FRB to describe processes related to carbon dynamics, the variation of RLD between seasons, independently of variations in FRB, indicates that RLD is a better descriptor for studies characterizing the potential of water and nutrient uptake at the Atlantic Rain Forest. The differences in RLD between altitudes within the context of resource use should be considered in studies about plant establishment, seedling growth and population dynamics at the Atlantic Rain Forest. At the ecosystem level, RLD and it seasonal variations may improve our understanding of the Atlantic rain forest functioning in terms of the biogeochemical fluxes in a possible scenario of climate change and environmental changes.113203209Alves, L.F., Vieira, S.A., Scaranello, M.A., Camargo, P.B., Santos, F.A.M., Joly, C.A., Martinelli, L.A., Forest structure and live aboveground biomass variation along an elevational gradient of tropical Atlantic moist forest (Brazil) (2010) For. Ecol. Manage., 260, pp. 679-691. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.05.023Bouma, T.J., Nielsen, K.L., Koutstaal, B., Sample preparation and scanning protocol for computerised analysis of root length and diameter (2000) Plant Soil, 218, pp. 185-196. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1014905104017Bruijnzeel, L.A., Veneklaas, E.J., Climatic conditions and tropical montane forest productivity: The fog has not lifted yet (1998) Ecology, 79, pp. 3-9. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[0003:CCATMF]2.0.CO;2Cavelier, J., Fine-root biomass and soil properties in a semideciduous and a lower montane rain forest in Panama (1992) Plant Soil, 142, pp. 187-201. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010965Gale, M.R., Grigal, D.K., Vertical root distributions of northern tree species in relation to successional status (1987) Can. J. For. Res., 17, pp. 829-834. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x87-131Gill, R.A., Jackson, R.B., Global patterns of root turnover for terrestrial ecosystems (2000) New Phytolog, 147, pp. 13-31. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2000.00681.xGordon, W.S., Jackson, R.B., Nutrient concentrations in fine roots (2000) Ecology, 81, pp. 275-280. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[0275:NCIFR]2.0.CO;2Graefe, S., Hertel, D., Leuschner, C., Estimating Fine Root Turnover in Tropical Forests along an Elevational Transect using Minirhizotrons (2008) Biotropica, 40, pp. 536-542. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2008.00419.xHerbert, D.A., Fownes, J.H., Forest productivity and efficiency of resource use across a chronosequence of tropical montane soils (1999) Ecosystems, 2, pp. 242-254. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100219900072Hertel, D., Leuschner, C., Hölscher, D., Size and structure of fine root systems in old-growth and secondary tropical montane forests (Costa Rica) (2003) Biotropica, 35, pp. 143-153Hill, J., Simpson, R., Moore, A., Chapman, D., Morphology and response of roots of pasture species to phosphorus and nitrogen nutrition (2006) Plant Soil, 286, pp. 7-19. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-006-0014-3Himmelbauer, M.L., Loiskandl, W., Kastanek, F., Estimating length, average diameter and surface area of roots using two different Image analyses systems (2004) Plant Soil, 260, pp. 111-120. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:PLSO.0000030171.28821.55Jackson, R., Canadell, J., Ehleringer, J.R., Mooney, H.A., Sala, O.E., Schulze, E.D., A global analysis of root distributions for terrestrial biomes (1996) Oecologia, 108, pp. 389-411. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00333714Jackson, R.B., Mooney, H.A., Schulze, E.D., A global budget for fine root biomass, surface area, and nutrient contents (1997) Proc. Nat. A. Scienc., 94, pp. 7362-7366. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.14.7362Joly, C.A., Aidar, M.P.M., Klink, C.A., McGraph, D.G., Moreira, A.G., Moutinho, P., Nepstad, D.C., Sampaio, E.V.S.B., Evolution of the Brazilian phytogeography classification systems: Implications for biodiversity conservation (1999) Cienc. Cult., 51, pp. 331-348Kaspar, T.C., Ewing, R.P., ROOTEDGE: Software for measuring root length from desktop scanner images (1997) Agron. J., 89, pp. 932-940. , http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj1997.00021962008900060014xLeuschner, C., Moser, G., Bertsch, C., Röderstein, M., Hertel, D., Large altitudinal increase in tree root/shoot ratio in tropical mountain forests of Ecuador (2007) Basic Appl. Ecol., 8, pp. 219-230. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2006.02.004Martins, L.F.D.S., (2002) Configuração Do Sistema Radicular Das Árvores De Eucalyptus Grandis Em Resposta À Aplicação De Doses Crescents De Biossólido, , Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade de São Paulo, PiracicabaMyers, N., Mittermeier, R.A., Mittermeier, C.G., Fonseca, G.A.B., Kent, J., Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities (2000) Nature, 403, pp. 853-858. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35002501, PMid:10706275Näsholm, T., Kielland, K., Ganeteg, U., Uptake of organic nitrogen by plants (2009) New Phytolog, 182, pp. 31-48Nepstad, D.C., Carvalho, C., Davidson, E., Jipp, P.H., Lefebvre, P., Negreiros, G.H., da Silva, E.D., Vieira, S.A., The role of deep roots in the hydrological and carbon cycles of Amazonian forests and pastures (1994) Nature, 372, pp. 666-669. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/372666a0Padgurschi, M.C.G., (2010) Composição E Estrutura Arbórea De Um Trecho De Floresta Ombrófila Densa Montana Com Taquaras Na Mata Atlântica, , Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CampinasPersson, H., Root dynamics in a young Scots pine stand in central Sweden (1978) Oikos, 30, pp. 508-519. , http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3543346Rosado, B.H.P., Oliveira, R.S., Aidar, M.P.M., Is leaf water repellency related to vapor pressure and crown exposure in tropical forests? (2010) Acta Oecolog, 36, pp. 645-649. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2010.10.001Soethe, N., Lehmann, J., Engels, C., The vertical pattern of rooting and nutrient uptake at different altitudes of a south Ecuadorian montane forest (2006) Plant Soil, 286, pp. 287-299. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-006-9044-0Sousa Neto, E.R., (2008) Perdas De Nitrogênio Pela Emissão De Óxido Nitroso (N2O) E Sua Relação Com a Decomposição Da Serapilheira E Biomassa De Raízes Na Floresta De Mata Atlântica, , Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade de São Paulo, PiracicabaStewart, C.G., A test of nutrient limitation in two tropical montane forests using root in growth cores (2000) Biotropica, 32, pp. 369-373Williams, M., Malhi, Y., Nobre, A.D., Rastetter, E.B., Grace, J., Pereira, M.G.P., Seasonal variation in net carbon exchange and evapotranspiration in a Brazilian rain forest: A modelling analysis (1998) Planr Cell Environ, 21, pp. 953-968. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.1998.00339.xYavitt, J.B., Wright, S.J., Drought and Irrigation Effects on Fine Root Dynamics in a Tropical Moist Forest, Panama (2001) Biotropica, 33, pp. 421-434Zeppel, M.J.B., Murray, B.R., Barton, C., Eamus, D., Seasonal responses of xylem sap velocity to VPD and solar radiation during drought in a stand of native trees in temperate Australia (2004) Funct. Plant Biol., 31, pp. 461-470. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/FP03220Zobel, R.W., Kinraide, T.B., Baligar, V.C., Fine root diameters can change in response to changes in nutrient concentrations (2007) Plant Soil, 297, pp. 243-254. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9341-
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
