1,721,070 research outputs found
The 4D LINT model of function allocation: Spatial-temporal arrangement and levels of automation
No full textHuman factors researchers are well familiar with Sheridan and Verplank’s (1978) ‘levels of automation’. Although this automation dimension has proved useful, the last decade has seen a vast increase of automation in different forms, especially in transportation domains. To capture these and future developments, we propose an extended automation taxonomy via additional dimensions. Specifically, we propose a 4D LINT representation for vehicle operation regarding control across multiple simultaneous dimensions of (1) Location (from local to remote), (2) Identity (between human and computer), (3) Number of agents (degree of centralization of control), as well as (4) adaptive optimization over Time. Our model aims to provide guidance and support in communicable ways to allocation authority agents (whether human or computer) in optimized supervisory outer loop control of complex and intelligent dynamic systems for more efficient, safe, and robust transportation operationsGreen Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Intelligent VehiclesBiomechatronics & Human-Machine Contro
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The sources of stress, the symptoms of stress and anger styles as a psychosocial risk at occupational health and safety: A case study on Turkish police officers
No full textBu çalışma, 26-30, Temmuz 2015 tarihlerinde Las Vegas[Amerika]’da düzenlenen 6. International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE) Kongresi‘nde bildiri olarak sunulmuştur.The present study aims at measuring the sources of stress, the symptoms of stress and anger styles of police officers as psychosocial risk factors. A survey was carried out on 5725 randomly selected police officers in a big city in Turkey. The questionnaire included some personal information. When collecting data, Mayerson's Stress Factor Scale was used to measure the sources of stress. The Psychological Symptom Checklist-SCL-90-R was used to measure the participants' psychological symptoms and the State Trait Anger Scale (STAS) is used to measure anger styles of police officers. When analyzing data, correlations and stepwise multiple regression analysis are used to examine the relationship.The findings of the present study have shown that there are meaningful relationships among the symptoms of stress, the sources of stress and anger. According to this pointing system, it has been found that the police officers got higher stress points from the Mayerson Stress Sources Scale when physical environment, job, social stress and self-expression are considered, and they were tended to have increased problems. Psychological symptoms are highly prevalent among Turkish Police officers. In the end, several suggestions have been made to the police departments to help the officers who are affected adversely by job stress. According to these findings, we suggest a more specific research to be performed in order to determine and prevent these stress factors among Turkish Police officers
An application of the Driver Behaviour Questionnaire in a large Australian organisational fleeting setting : can it predict crashes and demerit point loss?
No full textThis study reports on the utilisation of the Manchester Driver Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ) to examine the self-reported driving behaviours of a large sample of Australian fleet drivers (N = 3414). Surveys were completed by employees before they commenced a one day safety workshop intervention. Factor analysis techniques identified a three factor solution similar to previous research, which was comprised of: (a) errors, (b) highway-code violations and (c) aggressive driving violations. Two items traditionally related with highway-code violations were found to be associated with aggressive driving behaviours among the current sample. Multivariate analyses revealed that exposure to the road, errors and self-reported offences predicted crashes at work in the last 12 months, while gender, highway violations and crashes predicted offences incurred while at work. Importantly, those who received more fines at work were at an increased risk of crashing the work vehicle. However, overall, the DBQ demonstrated limited efficacy at predicting these two outcomes. This paper outlines the major findings of the study in regards to identifying and predicting aberrant driving behaviours and also highlights implications regarding the future utilisation of the DBQ within fleet settings
A review of international speed enforcement policies and practices : evidence-based recommendations for best practice
No full textExtensive research has highlighted the positive and exponential relationship between vehicle speed and crash risk and severity. Speed enforcement policies and practices throughout the world have developed dramatically as new technology becomes available, however speeding remains a pervasive problem internationally that significantly contributes to road trauma. This paper adopted a three-pronged approach to review speed enforcement policies and practices by: \ud
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(i) describing and comparing policies and practices adopted in a cross-section of international jurisdictions; \ud
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(ii) reviewing the available empirical evidence evaluating the effectiveness of various approaches, and; \ud
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(iii) providing recommendations for the optimisation speed enforcement. \ud
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The review shows the enforcement strategies adopted in various countries differ both in terms of the approaches used and how they are specifically applied. The literature review suggests strong and consistent evidence that police speed enforcement, in particular speed cameras, can be an effective tool for reducing vehicle speeds and subsequent traffic crashes. Drawing from this evidence, recommendations for best practice are proposed, including the specific instances in which various speed enforcement approaches typically produce the greatest road safety benefits, and perhaps most importantly, that speed enforcement programs must utilise a variety of strategies tailored to specific situations, rather than a one-size-fits-all approach
Intelligent Human Systems Integration 2020, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Human Systems Integration (IHSI 2020): Integrating People and Intelligent Systems
No full textThis volume, entitled Intelligent Human Systems Integration 2020, aims to provide a global forum for introducing and discussing novel approaches, design tools, methodologies, techniques, and solutions for integrating people with intelligent technologies, automation, and artificial cognitive systems in all areas of human endeavor in industry, economy, government, and education. Some of the notable areas of application include, but are not limited to, energy, transportation, urbanization and infrastructure development, digital manufacturing, social development, human health, sustainability, a new generation of service systems, as well as developments in safety, risk assurance, and cybersecurity in both civilian and military contexts. Indeed, rapid progress in developments in the ambient intelligence, including cognitive computing, modeling, and simulation, as well as smart sensor technology, weaves together the human and artificial intelligence and will have a profound effect on the nature of their collaboration at both the individual and societal levels in the near future. As applications of artificial intelligence and cognitive computing become more prevalent in our daily lives, they also bring new social and economic challenges and opportunities that must be addressed at all levels of contemporary society. Many of the traditional human jobs that require high levels of physical or cognitive abilities, including human motor skills, reasoning, and decision-making abilities, as well as training capacity, are now being automated. While such trends might boost economic efficiency, they can also negatively impact the user experience and bring about many unintended social consequences and ethical concerns. The intelligent human systems integration is, to a large extent, affected by the forces shaping the nature of future computing and artificial system development. This book discusses the needs and requirements for the symbiotic collaboration between humans and artificially intelligent systems, with due consideration of the software and hardware characteristics allowing for such cooperation from the societal and human-centered design perspectives, with the focus on the design of intelligent products, systems, and services that will revolutionize future human– technology interactions. This book also presents many innovative studies of ambient artificial technology and its applications, including the human–machine interfaces with a particular emphasis on infusing intelligence into the development of technology throughout the lifecycle development process, with due consideration of user experience and the design of interfaces for virtual, augmented, and mixed reality applications of artificial intelligence. Reflecting on the above-outlined perspective, the papers contained in this volume are organized into seven main sections, including:
1. Automotive design and transportation engineering
2. Humans and artificial cognitive systems
3. Intelligence, technology, and analytics
4. Computational modeling and simulation
5. Humans and artificial systems complexity
6. Materials and inclusive human systems
7. Human–autonomy teaming
8. Applications and future trends
We would like to extend our sincere thanks to Axel Schulte, Stefania Campione,and Marinella Ferrara, for leading a part of the technical program that focuses on human–autonomy teaming and smart materials and inclusive human systems. Our appreciation also goes to the members of Scientific Program Advisory Board who have reviewed the accepted papers that are presented in this volume, including the following individuals:
D. Băilă, Romania
H. Blaschke, Germany
S. Campione, Italy
J. Chen, USA
G. Coppin, France
M. Draper, USA
A. Ebert, Germany
M. Ferrara, Italy
M. Hou, Canada
M. Jipp, Germany
E. Karana, The Netherlands
A. Kluge, Germany
D. Lange, USA
S. Lucibello, Italy
E. Macioszek, Poland
M. Neerincx, The Netherlands
R. Philipsen, Germany
J. Platts, UK
D. Popov, USA
A. Ratti, Italy
R. Rodriquez, Italy
V. Rognoli, Italy
U. Schmid, Germany
vi Preface
A. Schulte, Germany
N. Stanton, UK
E. Suhir, USA
We hope that this book, which presents the current state of the art in intelligent human systems integration, will be a valuable source of both theoretical and applied knowledge, enabling the design and applications of a variety of intelligent products, services, and systems for their safe, effective, and pleasurable collaboration with people
Beyond the barriers : road construction safety issues from the office and the roadside
No full textConceptually, the management of safety at roadworks can be seen in a three level framework. At the regulatory level, roadworks operate at the interface between the work environment, governed by workplace health and safety regulations, and the road environment, which is subject to road traffic regulations and practices. At the organizational level, national, state and local governments plan and purchase road construction and maintenance which are then delivered in-house or tendered out to large construction companies who often subcontract multiple smaller companies to supply services and labor. At the operational level, roadworks are difficult to isolate from the general public, hindering effective occupational health and safety controls. This study, from the State of Queensland, Australia, examines how well this tripartite framework functions. It includes reviews of organizational policy and procedures documents; interviews with 24 subject matter experts from various road construction and maintenance organizations, and on-site interviews with 66 road construction personnel. The study identified several factors influencing the translation of safety policies into practice including the cost of safety measures in the context of competitive tendering, lack of firm evidence of the effectiveness of safety measures, and pressures to minimize disruption to the travelling public
Training needs research applied to the development of a standardised incident investigator training framework
No full textIn response to the rail industry lacking a consistently accepted standard of minimal training to perform incident investigations, the Australasian rail industry requested the development of a unified approach to investigator training. This paper details how the findings from a training needs analysis were applied to inform the development of a standardised training package for rail incident investigators. Data from job descriptions, training documents and subject matter experts sourced from 17 Australasian organisations were analysed and refined to yield a draft set of 10 critical competencies. Finally the draft of critical competencies was reviewed by industry experts to verify the accuracy and completeness of the competency list and to consider the most appropriate level of qualification for training development. The competencies identified and the processes described to translate research into an applied training framework in this paper, can be generalised to assist practitioners and researchers in developing industry approved standardised training packages
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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