9 research outputs found
Is Technology Minimizing Gender Gap: Some Insights from the Lives of Women Entrepreneurs in Technology from India
No full text
The Plight of Female Entrepreneurs in India
No full textWomen from around the world are making substantive contributions to new ventures. Research on this phenomenon is starting to increase, but to this point, most of the research on female entrepreneurship has only examined it from the perspective of developed countries. As such, there is a gap in understanding this phenomenon from the perspective of developing countries. Due to the lack of theoretical underpinnings, and exploratory research approach to unearthing new ideas was called for. Using 10 female entrepreneurs as case studies and depth interviews as the main source of data, this study explores female entrepreneurship in India. The study’s findings suggest that deep-rooted gender bias and family pressures are major challenges that female entrepreneurs in India face. This study’s findings also suggest that supportive husbands, stress management, and maintaining a good work–life balance are important to helping female high-tech entrepreneurs in India overcome the challenges that they face. The results from this study inform the literature on the plight of female entrepreneurs in India, and more broadly, the study contributes to the understanding of the challenges that female entrepreneurs all around the world face
Solid Waste Management in India: A Review and Road Rhead
No full textThis study involves in depth research in the various aspects of the solid waste management which includes studying waste generation its classification and further focusing mainly on solid waste. The management of the waste has been an issue for every country as the increase in population has also led to the increase in the waste generation. Managing of this waste has been an issue of concern for all the countries across the globe. Out of the many sorts solid waste is one of the major contributors in the category of wastes and managing it is a task. This study presents a comprehensive review of literature of solid waste management and best practices adopted in various countries for the issue. The paper also discusses at length strategy implemented in various parts of India keeping in mind the diversity and a variety of factors. Additionally, the existing legislations and norms were studied according to which the areas of improvements and the future scope are suggested.
Keywords: Solid waste, management, legislations
3
No full textNevada Building Sold1
in Bankruptcy
Court
* " -<-J
federal construction
company purchases
properties;
Th*V«'e.ada bulldlDS snd fire lots;
at tt. etaaaer of Floreace .treat sn.i
.,,.,....,,,,,,
I,.,,,,...»
OntheCinderpathl Menlo'Park |
■*,s,,,,,,.n.n»aaaa.ii
i«.»,,aa»............ia.
Tie Piblk Library
ttrtLUH.
Stanford bad its annual meat wltb
the Olympic Clnb of Baa Francisco
laat Saturday aad was returned tbe
winner by tb* large eeor* of 11
> 50.
ti.c1 " *a* (act U Okea into coaai*fbra-
inaolveot Marshall Black .aveer.-'tk>n that moat or tb* athl*t*s sat
meat Company. w*r* *old by Trus- down to a hearty ateal Satarday
tee W. 8. Blade f*rtday ti •h*'nooo*""w'l1) u,, wdrd tbat there ws*
Federal Con*aruetlon Company. to be no meet, and then two hours
which put In the highest bids, total-: |at„r w.„ toW tamt lh9 mwmt nha
lng $47.es« 44. or about TS per cent -.-.-jdenly been called, the time* wer*
of tb* appraised values Ta* sal** e*rtalnly remarkable
ware confirmed by William A Coal-; An_ ]B _.__.--or. •__« __j was very
ter, referee In, bankruptcy for this. cold Md t g(lff wlsd WBm blowing
district. , up tb* bark sttrwtcb. so all the ssarks
In addltloa lo -the N*v*4a build-, r^iatsred wer* additionally eaeel-
Ing th* properties *old < .insisted of t„at Th« bMlt ,**--•,*,] 0f ths year
lots &. «. T, « snd » In block 10. WM ,_,,,,, bT K *-, Mvmy t« of
havtag s froatsg* of 1« fe*ton Pfclo AUo mhn hfl ^gotiated tbe
1'nlverslty avenue and a depth of iow barriers In tbe -eery
199 feet i wonderful tlm* of 2S gat. When tt
Barty in the yesr TruBte* W, S. )b considered lh*l no Stanford man
Slad* petitioned ibe r*f*r*« ln up t0 talB y9„ b„ eomm wi,hln
bnakruptey for an order to sell the ,-_,,_•■--. Df a second of this mark
investment company's propertle* ,bf event l* all the more interesting
The hearing or the petition took There waa a very hard wind blow-
place February _«tb. and by con- tB|- ag,),,-.- the runners, and Jhjp.
sent of all iiarties concerned, ln% IllBa> th,, llnir, „v»n better than It
rinding (he Hen holder* and rrcd- wu,
llor*. th* properties were ordereo Herb-Whltted wss uorortufint* in
•old free and clear of all Hens. losing his running pants when h*
The bid* were received and ba_ -..,-,,-bed (be'100-yard mark and
opened before Refer*-e Coulter In wa_ tb„reby prevented from eontln-
San Jose yesterday. Mr* Mlna C. nltiK on hl( %my but -t ,, improbable
Peck, mortgagee of lot* 7. 8 and 9. itxmt hr -_outd -__»^ beaten Murray.
and Msrth* C Hyde, mortgage* of ,__ ttir, uner bad a clenr lead of
lota f> and ■>■ put in bids on tiie *-.,, yards when (he mishap oc-
propertte* on which Ihey held mort- rurred.
gage*. The highest bids wer* by the, Whltled won ibe hlgb sticks in'
Federal Conctrucllon Company as tt„. f„, ,|m,. nf j_.4 wnh Murray
and Templeton running what looked
like a dead heat right at hla beel*
j The quarter showed McClure tak-
- lng things easy, and he won In a
Jog in a] I. teo-fiflbs of a second
faster than the lime he waa beaten
aa>ga9aaaaaaanaa;»n ■
Mr. and Mrs MarwadtU sre now! Tbe llbrarlsn wish s* to thank
occupying tb*lr new home which has!Mr»* Truesdale. Mr. Towaaead. Mrs
'Atkinson. Mrs. Clark aad others for
Just been -***-**_ pl*t*d la th* Dreacl
tract. - -
Ml** Hilda Anderson, wbo has
been visiting her friend, Mtas Esther
Poison, at Menlo Park ha* retoraed
lo her hone in Saa Jose
Tbe Kastrr Sunday services at
the Church of the Nativity were *s-
tremely Imprnesfie, aad tb* singing
s rsre musical treat. Th* sptsadld
ehon-BC* were b***tirully rendered
their kind response to th* r*qu*sl
ror Palo Alto newspapers to complete tbe itie* (or binding We bope
soon to bare gathered * complete
•et or all the newspapers which have
been published In Palo Alto since
Ihe beginning of" tbe town.
The history of a plat* I* registered by its local newspaper*.' aad
also by Its otbvr publlearlons, such
as municipal report*, town aad
church director)***, politics) psmph
Special pral** muBt be given to thej lets, notice* snd program* of civic
soloists, Mlas (.race 1'artee. Mrs ' and social gathering*, old pictures
William Glynn aad Messrs K J -•■■! photograph*. Of great latsrest
Stanley and A. Dowllag. * An or »■•• school program* and school pub-
chestra or stringed instruments sup-1 Uratlon*. A lew of the school cbll-
I-*.rted ibe cbolr I dren will be famous some'day, and
Miss Heat rice Bruce, a graduate j (heir school record* will be Inler-
nurce at th* l_an* hospital, ta vlalt-1 eating, as will the first published
lag ber mother. Mrs James Bruce,1 writings of Tutu* author*. Th* It-
Mr and Mra Rothschild hsve, brary has -a copy of ihe paper pub-
opened tbelr borne at Atberlon. \ Hshed by the students of th* Oak-
*** Mr and Mra. J B. Coryell are. land High Scliool, while Jack l-on-
down rrom San Francisco and will don was a student there. It con-
apend a few days at their home lu.'xlii* one of his first stories, inter-
i esltng fn Ihe promise It shows of
FORUM
Pub'ic
Now I
follows:
L-ota 7. *, and 9.
l_ots ** and < . .
Nevada building
Total bid
9 «..*::. 00
N.000 00
. 29.431.4*
Tbe sate of the propertic* to Ihe lr_ rtown mt I-oa Angeles, showing
Federal Construction company was that hh. defeat wa* entirely due to
confirmed by the referee, snd after bis bring boxed.
all liens have been paid the balance
will go (o the unsecured creditors of
.be Investment company.
SCHOOL OF EDUCATION
ESTABLISHER BY U C
Jack Nelson, the speedy national
champion sprinter who ts now enrolled In the Olympic Club, won
both sprint events tn great form,
but he defeated Captain Campbell
only a bare foot in the 230.
An Interesting tittle incident hap
If'1 pended after the 270. Captain
ratty of Campbell's grandfather, who la now
depart- quite ,,;,■_ come* down rrom the city
■every iijjne be funs nnd is never
A school oi educall'.n bas
bean organised by ihe t'niver*
Calirornla ftotn *i It-ting
tnenta.
The teaching life of a high school willing to admit that hla grsnd*».n
teacher in Qaltfornla ha* been found can be Ibked. whl<b Is pretty nearly
lo be less lh an five >eat*. of an eie- true After the rare Saturday he
men(nry teacher about three years, went into the training home and
Hence the importance of the unl- -.■•.-■; ' Nevada'* on wlnn'ng
■er*iiy helping to supply this con- til** ra.*e. which he didn't, although
-.lant demand. '-.'■;. br a very small margin only.
There ar over a thouaand voung Siltu WlUon ran a '-.au'ltii! race
own and women In the I'nlveralty in the m'le. overlaklnt, Millard of
Atherton
William Hoff wa* a visitor In
town Sunday He will be employed
In San Maleo for some months
Miss laabelte Weeden Is spend
lng a week In Oakland as (he gueet
of her aunt, Mr». Charles Thomas
Mrs. Thoma* will give several social
affairs In honor or this popular girl
Tlie Kasler Sunday services al
Trinity Rplseopal Church wer* very
beautiful. Tb* tittle church *-
decorated wllh masses nt exquisite
flowers A selected chol. had prepared excellent mualc. Mis* l*a-
belle Weeden was the soloist. Mlsa some very Interesting
l.lna Jacob presided at the organ, j map* or this part or lb
Mrs and Mra. K W. Hopkins .wbo, rote Palo Alto had ar^y Individuality one bond Issue, and risk a vote
have spent the winter in San ***re\a>]as a lown A rew old program* ntjtiiem together.
claco will come down to Menlo Park entertainments during Ihe first years' Can't Ihe playground*, whlrh a:
during tbe week Tbelr borne ■>■-.■■■■ on file. We «ant*as many morei edsratinnal, and tbe parks whlrh
Oak Ctove Ave. is being made lemti ■ ' we can Ret. as well aa material
for tbem. |«r all kinds. This historical m*^
Mlaa l.yda Hopkins has departed; terlal will be preserved and made
for the east for a Beveral weeks*[available lor reference for the ben-
visit. Uftl of all Ihe people or Palo Alto.
Mrs. R Drubb will entertain thej
ladle*, or (he tiulld of Trinity Rpls
copal Church. Menlo Park, 'at her
bon*e on Alma street In Palo Alt"
ihe power that was soon to lie tils
It often happens that ta tbe pro-
[eatc task or housecleaning ii..*!'
.things are discarded and burned up.
the owners not realising ' tbe Inter-
sat ■!.'■■ would have tn luturelgen-
rations, l( they could he gathered
i a rentral place, where, having I an election
e* ii clasatfled. Ihey could b** ron-j i-onvln'-lng a
ilteii and compared The library
making surh a collection, snd will
elcome assistance lafom everyb**dy
nine years ago J F. Il>sb*-* helped
> start the collection by preventing
papers and
nntry be-
Partt Venus Park.
The headline and Introductory
paragraph tn tb* Time* of Friday
over my article on park bonds are
apt to rr**(e a wrnag Imprs-saton ot
my vivws as *«i forth in Ihe body of
the article. My attitude waa Blight-
ly misunderstood by- ths paper.
I am heartily in favor or a public
playground ror PbIo Alto now. I
am mildly In lavor of a publlr park
ror Palo Alto, after we get the playground. I am heartily la favor of
all efforta io secur* public Improvements.
What 1 tried, m vsln, to aay. Is."
that Joining the park and playground plans Into one movement.
and one vote, will defeat both, at
tbla time, temporarily- Not for alt
tlm*.
Part'of th* people are ready for a
;-umi park, or for a system of smalt
pnrks Part of the people want a
plavground Part of tb* people
haven't the falnleat conception of
what a playground Is sou*] for. -Part
of the people want both some time
l-.i-i want ''.'Hi now. Part want
• me of both, provided Ihey would
ga'n something per-Minallv rrom owning land near the site or sites Part
an* .-opposed to both movement*.
S*>me, even, are op|<o-i-cd to all bond
Is-oi.'S w-galtiver tbe object
hese -.-rim-.-- wltl Viile Bt
lui-ceos depend* on
convincing a good many people that
a |imposed bond Issue Is worth
while I tried lo say yes(erday that
this ma'orlty could not be secured
now on a mlied Issue.
I am In favor of good roads and
municipal gas, hul I am sure It
lae. but I am sure It
Safety Board
Will Work Out
Sanitation *
PLANS TO CO-OPERATE
WITH MERCHANTS
OP CITY.
Some weeks ago m survey at ih*
buatneea section of Palo Alto was
msde to determine wb*th*r th*
huelncws houses were complying
wltb the provisions of pari .'., article
7. section 73. of the codified ordf-
BBsces of lh* city, relating to th*
maintenance of separate toilets for
men and women it was found thst
in nnmerou* 1nst*nce« tb* ordinance was being violated, and tb*
board of public safety has bad th*
matter under consideration with the
view of devising mesne for complying wllh the law that would work
the least hardship to employ***.
The board is now having notices
prepared, wblch will b* mailed to
employing concerns lhat have not
compiled with (he taw, giving them
thirty dayh In wblcb Io romplet* tb*
neccwaarr provisions. Ii !■ not tbe -
pur|M>se or Ihe hoard lo be unduly
exacting, and In raaee where there
la difficulty In meeting lh* requirement* the emplnvrr* are reqit-Mte*-
to confer with the health office, who
may b« able (o suggest s solution or
the problem under thn plans that
hsve been worked out Tht* taw I*
humane In tts purpose and tt Ib anticipated lhat every employer wllf
willingly comply with Its regair*--
tnt-nl*. .
uld be un
r.r ral fn-n:.i who are preparing
themselves to be tearbers.
Th<* I'nlversity or California cou-
*tr!butes n very great number of
teacher* (o the high schools of Call-
' (ornla. Of the high school certifi-
cates granted bv the eUte board or
.■duration last year. ISO went to
graduate* of the I'nlveralty Of California. «9 to graduate* of the fai-
verslty of Southern California. 54 to heat**n in th
Stanford, graduates, snd lf.O more m*nr+ In n
the Olympic. Cluh after allowing tbe
latter to obtain a M*d «f fifty >eard*
over him Millard Is the most nwk
ward runner Imaginable, and evl-
dentij,- doesn't believe In the m*-
tbinary Iwo-lnch ruIe for (rack
panta, as hi* fell below hts knees.
In kpl'e of hts glasec*. however,
Millard ts certainly there when It
eomev to running, although be »a*
mile. Ills- perfor-
unnlng the twomlle In
10:9. after losing the mile, was a
new **,-„, exhibition. ,
'bleb One of the surprise* ot (h** meet
rare- «n the defeat s>t fieorge Horlne.
to teachers of special subject*.
Agriculture 1* one of the
fields for the teacher toward '
tbe University of California Is
lng msny of its student*. There hss' worldj'n record holder tn the high
been s wonderful development, sll jump by hi* old teammate. Cap
o**r the world, of a demand for th*'-, Finney Cap wa* in fine form, clear-
teaching of the *r1ence and art Of||ng the bar at Just about all feet,
agriculture In the high achoola and while Horlne showed hi* lack or
iq the grades. In the tialted-£tst«* practire and missed at an Inch* or
the movement ha* been retarded bJ*-u>, lower.
the lack or trained teacher*. Among the official* Saturday were
Some 150 women students sre Tommy Smith or the University1 of
' preparing themselvee to teach do- California, former intercollegiate
me*tic science. In the rnlveraHy of jniie winner, Oscar -Hammeramlth.
'California they recele* InstnictlOQ »bo didn'1 *eem lo have his watch
*n dietetic*, perabnaf and home Md** working too well Saturday: Mlne:
vttlc hygiene, fabric*, the principles Maundrell. varsity twomller of five
of borne decoration, etc A sunr-ber ,r . \ years agO. Court Moore, mller
of tbe student* in engineering are
preparing themselves lo teach in
manual training schools.
The summer session mskes th'
f two years ago. and Douglas Krs-
klne. John Elliot. Pete Cehrhcrdt
and Mr. Folsom of Palo Atto:
Next Friday the varsity meets
training of playground directors snd rotibtned teams of Pomona and Oc-
pbyslcal training teachers a special eidental. and as thla comas on Junior'
leature of it* yearly all weeke' **•- day, .,,,,. 0f the few holidays that
•loa. The rapid spread of this play- are allowed Slanrord students., the
ground movement, which seeks tn --.,.,.- \„ .,,.- to be one of banner"
give children In cities full oppor- events -of the spring track Bea*on.(
tunlty for healthy, happy, outdoor Stanford should win. but the eom-
eserclse, ha*4 made a great demand, blned oollegee have a strong team
for such teachers. 'end have good men In tbe -140, «*0
***■ ard mile.
BIDS FOR NEW CHURCH f *
ABOVE THE ESTIMATE
lodav.
Mr Jnbn Donaldson who was Injured last week by a fractious horse.
haw returned from (he hospital ami
eicepf for a rather sever* rut on his
bead ha* escaped serious Injury.
A number o( Uenlo Paik people
attend1"*! th*- J.*sef IJievlnne CpBCert
nt Assemt.lv Hall. Monday night.
Miss llaxel M-Kvoy Is planning to
n-Jarn tu the I_tne llo*>pll*l In Saa
Francisco to'continue her studti s for
a graduate nurse's certificate.
Mist Annie Mortarty haa returne l
from a racatlOtt visit MH*nt with
friend* in San Jose.
A Plea (or the Militants.
Under, the heading of "A Plea for
the Militant*"' the following letter
by Mrs Alice Park waa published in
the laat Issue of the Star, a San
I ran. in. i. pnbllratton*
Editor Star: *-t|*eak!ng of tiioae
militant women In England as the
Star does from time to time - what
la properly In comparison with tinman right* Men bave ba*d uncounted war*, always killing off those
who didn't agree wl(h them- Thts
Is a war. but without guns snfi murder.
Hay. do you remember that story
about the Pilgrim Father*, and
somebody ralaed up hcF-volce aboal
the pilgrim mothers'' She said that
tbe pilgrim mothers bad to stand all
ihe hsrdsblp*. all Ibe pain, all the
hunger, all thn rlske that tbe Pilgrim fatbera atood. and then besides
they had to live with the Pilgrim
Fathers.
Now those English women h*re
to struggle against all the odds that
other aubjected women have, and
then they have to deal with the
stubborn Rngliah men. V.
Instead or pointing to CaTlfarola
omen and complimenting tbem at
the eipense or the Kngllah suffrag-
eltee, suppose you hand out a few
deaerved compliments to the men of
Cj\!;fornia Tbey grasped a new
Id*** without having an application
of physical for. i
rnameiital,
b<* untangled n<
i* Interest
f both movemeo
ALICE PAHK
sre (
ia thi
Proud ol City Government.
Editor Tlmch I wan v.-ri mui-
Garden Hook* In tlie I-I lira ry
The Palo Alio public library has
BOOM Rtxid books 00 Hardening, a
list of which follow*
Bailey. 1. 11.- Harden Making
Barnard, Chnrle* Talks Atmot
'he Soil
Barne*. P. T - House I'lante and
How to tirow Them.
__Jleiinelt, I. Il The Flower (Jar
den
Card, F. \V. - Hush frulta.
Collins. T. B. The New Agrlcul
tore. ** *l
ElUnng.-r. II B.—Th* Ilbse
Ely. II It A Woman's Hardy
tiarden. •
Fttllerton, E. I. How tu Make a
Vegetable Garden.
llemen*a>. II I) - How to Make
School tiar.l.-to. ?
Klrhy, A M Daffodils, narcissus,
and How to tirow Tbem.
Lynch. It. L The Hook of the
Iris
Miller. Mrs M. F. Outdoor
Work -
Parsons. Samuel Jr.--How to plan
(he Rome Grounds.
Shaw. Ellen E Gardening and
Farming (for boyB and girls).
, Earle, Alice. Morae-Oldtlme Gardens.
Wheeler, Cadence—Content In a
Garden. **
Bailey, I. tl led.) Cyclopedia
of American Horticulture, (la tbe
Cyclopedia of Horticulture are articles written on California conditions by Calirornla men i
Books -Relating KapecJrally to Oatl-
forai*.
Angler,. Belle S. -Garden book of
California.
Hllgard. E. W and Ostertiout. W.
J- Agriculture for*. School* of tbe
Pacific States.
Lyon. W. S -Gardening In California
McLaren. John ■ Gardening In
California. (Mr. McLaren I* superintendent or Golden Oste Perk In
San Francisco.)
Wlckson. K J California Vegetable* tn garden and field.
Wlekson, E- J- California Fruits
Mitchell. Sydney B —California
artlrle* ln tbe Garden Magasin* for
nte
•n i
■onr
I In re
II lien's
[ never
idln
crlt
els
our edil
he t
ell.
th
tiltiren
ear
ml]
kn
ra or «
hsi
It
any* as
Th
rue
H lakes tl 1
> (a
k.
Father
Can
IOII
coin
ed (he
avltig
hut "Kl
-ker
all)
out
k cause
are
e
mm. in 1'
sea,
Wilt
h la
a very
rue
SB
ring 1
bin
r i
mill
• would
get
11
a true i
.nan
us
ot 1
lis sayl
■**
■nd apt>,iy It- t
kbkltig A "kl.
Slth n cause I**
eful rtllsen
Now.
. law* ■
The women of England have more the year IS 10-11. written br Sidney
After over twenty yeara of coo-
i ttnuou* service with tbe W'ells-Fsrgo
The building committee of ti**FEtpr**a Company snd ten years
Methodist Church beld a meeting without a vacstlo'a E. A. Soper has
Saturdsy nlgbt and opened -id* for ,,... ,,.M _ taret! -noatbs' leave of
lh* proposed new edifice. A* the absence, and his place aa local agent
bids exceeded tbe estimates or the. l«*belng filled temporarily by G. M.
committee and church architect it.Hackett of Baa Francisco. Mr. So-
wss decided to revise the plana audi per „■-] uko a much-needed rest,
call tor new bid*. Tbe highest bid | but expects to re-enter th* employ
wss ISO.*.**, snd th* lowest w**j0f the company at the end of three
S28.75H. The fund set aside for( month*.' Mr. Hackett * bas rented
building purposes is approximately, the Martin bouse at II* Homer avc-
12 ".,000 C. E. Jordan Is chairman j Bue from D. J. Williams, the real
of the building committee.." t estate agent. -
unjust laws than we do. They have
lower wages snd much harder conditio^, of labor tban we do. They
are fighting for tbelr llTea sbwcII
aa their liberty. Tbey deserve *uc-
ces*. Tour* for all women,
. ALICE PARK
Mrs. Baldwin Safe.
Gertrud* Klngham Baldwin.
Mitchell. rorm«rly of the Sianford
library, now of the University of
California.
Doctor Jordan Plans Trip.
President David Starr Jordan will
be ab*ent trom the university aext
semester on, a apeclsl. leave of absence. He will tour Europe on behalf or Jhe World's Pe*c*e Society
of th
will t
daughter of Mr. and Mra. George H. and »il! deliver numerous lectures
Klngfasm or 44f> Hamilton avenue. jn England In tbla cause. Then he
writes from Omaha that she and her wilt spend seme time In tbe Bel-
family are safe and Bound snd that kans, not, as he ssya, in tbe capacity
tbelr borne woe uninjured by tbe of s wsr correspondent st tbe front
cyclone. This lifts * button of ank-t looking for massacre*, but to look
lety from the shoulders of Ihe per- Into the conditions which tbe presents hare. . t ent sir Is causing.
n» regards our eiljr gn
i proud of It I have
beery er or our city gn
meal ei.r alme Palo Alto wa
cor porn tad, nnd I can frankly and
proudly say that the bflrslB*** or' th<*
city never was so well managed
ll ia npw. Our water, light mid
street departments are eirellent
Our pOtlon nnd health department-
nre first class
Our health department la recogi
mended, b| our state health officer
Doitor Snow, as the hot of any It
the atate for a rlty the *tx* of Pair
Alio. The readers nf Tbe Timet
know It twok a hard fight lo main,
• nin our preaent health department
nnd It wan done by a Hmall majority
At the .lose of this year, the fat
of July, five or lhat majority will re
tire, nnd only one that was opponed
to our j■»■--■* f>r health department. I
think the majority *>r the voters
