1,720,956 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Kohlenstoffbepreisung in Entwicklungsländern
No full textCarbon pricing is posited as a key economic instrument to mitigate climate change. In the context of developing countries, however, carbon pricing can pose significant short-run economic costs. Increases in energy prices can induce substitution towards untaxed solid fuels for domestic cooking. The rise in biomass consumption can exacerbate (i) public health costs due to indoor air pollution from burning biomass, (ii) deforestation and forest clearing, particularly in regions with existing rainforest carbon sinks, and (iii) women’s time spent on fuel collection vis-à-vis participation in the labour market, given 80% of biomass consumed in low-income regions is collected by women from local forests. Whether implementing a carbon price in developing countries with several pre-existing market failures would be socially optimal, is underexamined in the literature.
In this dissertation, I investigate the potential effects of a carbon price on household welfare in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In the context of Uganda (chapter 2), I analyse the impacts of higher fossil fuel prices on biomass use, food consumption, nutritional intake and household welfare across the population. In chapter 3, I analyse the role of gender norms and female bargaining power within the household on optimal biomass consumption, in a context of rising energy prices. I develop theoretical models to characterise women’s labour supply for the formal market vis-à-vis time spent on fuel collection. I empirically investigate the effect of higher kerosene prices on individuals’ labour supply. In the third article (chapter 4), I compare the global environmental benefits generated from a carbon price with the local health costs of additional biomass use in a sample of six LMICs, to evaluate whether carbon pricing would be optimal in these contexts.
The results show carbon pricing could adversely impact household welfare, and reduce food consumption and nutritional intake in Uganda. Revenue redistribution through cash transfers could ameliorate the adverse effects on development. In the context of Malawi, improved gender parity within homes could reduce the dependence on biomass for cooking, in a context of rising energy prices. Distribution of fuel-efficient biomass cook-stoves could also reduce demand for biomass and allow women greater opportunities to participate in the labour market. Carbon pricing is likely to pose significant local health burdens in developing countries. These local costs exceed the global climate benefits of a carbon price in the majority of countries, even when households are compensated. In some countries, however, benefits exceed costs, particularly as households switch from polluting solid fuels towards cleaner cooking sources.Die Bepreisung von Kohlenstoff wird als ein wichtiges wirtschaftliches Instrument zur Eindämmung des Klimawandels angesehen. In Entwicklungsländern kann die Bepreisung von Kohlenstoff jedoch kurzfristig erhebliche wirtschaftliche Kosten mit sich bringen. Ein Anstieg der Energiepreise kann dazu führen, dass Haushalte nicht besteuerte feste Brennstoffe zum Kochen verwenden. Der resultierende Anstieg des Biomasseverbrauchs kann dazu führen, dass (i) durch Luftverschmutzung in Innenräumen zusätzliche gesundheitliche Kosten entstehen, (ii) die Entwaldung und Rodung von Wäldern, insbesondere solche mit Kohlenstoffsenken im Regenwald, zunimmt und (iii) der Zeitaufwand von Frauen für das Sammeln von Brennstoffen im Vergleich zur Teilnahme am Arbeitsmarkt ansteigt, da 80% der verbrauchten Biomasse in einkommensschwachen Regionen von Frauen in örtlichen Wäldern gesammelt wird. Die Frage, ob die Einführung eines Kohlenstoffpreises in Entwicklungsländern mit mehreren existierenden Marktversagen sozial optimal wäre, ist in der Literatur noch nicht ausreichend untersucht worden.
In dieser Dissertation untersuche ich die potenziellen Auswirkungen eines Kohlenstoffpreises auf die Wohlfahrt von Haushalten in Ländern mit niedrigem und mittlerem Einkommen (LMICs). Am Beispiel Ugandas (Kapitel 2) analysiere ich die Auswirkungen höherer Preise für fossile Brennstoffe auf die Nutzung von Biomasse, den Lebensmittelkonsum, die Nährstoffaufnahme und die Wohlfahrt der Haushalte in der Gesamtbevölkerung. In Kapitel 3 analysiere ich die Rolle von Geschlechternormen und weiblicher Verhandlungsstärke innerhalb des Haushalts für den optimalen Biomasseverbrauch vor dem Hintergrund steigender Energiepreise. Ich entwickle theoretische Modelle, um die Teilnahme von Frauen am formalen Arbeitsmarkt mit der Zeit, die sie für das Sammeln von Brennstoffen aufwenden, zu vergleichen. Außerdem untersuche ich empirisch die Auswirkungen höherer Kerosinpreise auf das individuelle Arbeitsangebot. Im dritten Artikel (Kapitel 4) vergleiche ich den globalen Umweltnutzen eines Kohlenstoffpreises mit lokalen Gesundheitskosten durch die zusätzliche Nutzung von Biomasse in sechs LMICs. Hierdurch lässt sich bewerten, ob eine Kohlenstoffbepreisung in diesen Kontexten optimal wäre.
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Kohlenstoffbepreisung das Wohlergehen der Haushalte beeinträchtigen und den Lebensmittelkonsum und die Nahrungsaufnahme in Uganda verringern könnte. Eine Umverteilung der Einnahmen durch Geldtransfers könnte die negativen Auswirkungen auf die Entwicklung abmildern. In Malawi könnte eine verbesserte Geschlechterparität in den Haushalten die Abhängigkeit von Biomasse zum Kochen vor dem Hintergrund steigender Energiepreise verringern. Die Verteilung von brennstoffeffizienten Biomassekochern könnte auch die Nachfrage nach Biomasse verringern und Frauen mehr Möglichkeiten zur Teilnahme am Arbeitsmarkt geben. Brennstoffpreise wird die Kohlenstoffbepreisung in den Entwicklungsländern wahrscheinlich zu erheblichen lokalen Gesundheitsbelastungen führen. Diese lokalen Kosten übersteigen in der Regel die globalen Umweltvorteile eines Kohlenstoffpreises, selbst wenn die Haushalte entschädigt werden. In einigen Ländern übersteigen die Vorteile die Kosten, insbesondere wenn die Haushalte von umweltschüdlichen festen Brennstoffen auf sauberere Kochquellen umsteigen.BMBF, 011A1807A, De-Carbonizing Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa (DECADE
Industrial Policies in India: Did They Work?
No full textThis article analyses relationships between the implementation of state-level industrial policies in India and manufacturing sector economic performance (employment and gross value added), utilising data from the Annual Survey of Industries conducted by the Government of India. I employ panel data fixed-effects regression models to evaluate the associations between the industrial policy and state-industry specific performance over the 2007-08 to 2014-15 period, incorporating potential effects of the state government's political alignment, infrastructure provision and educational expenditure in the state. The results provide evidence of a positive correlation between industrial policy implementation and firm output and employment, by around 12.6 - 14 per cent. However, subsequent introductions of an industrial policy are negatively associated with employment and are uncorrelated with industrial GVA. This analysis has implications for economic policy in light of the Central Government's plans to implement a revised industrial policy at the national scale
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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