210 research outputs found
Effects of conditionally essential fatty acid supplementation on neural and immune development in the young pig
Get PDFDSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #15835 on 2021-03-04 at 16:19:21Arachidonic acid (ARA; 20:4n-6) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) are long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) naturally present in human breast milk (HM) and routinely supplemented in infant formula (IF). In IF-fed infants, the inclusion of preformed ARA and DHA is shown to yield more similar tissue FA accretion, cognitive and visual development, and immune response to that of a breastfed infant. Historically, these LCPUFA have been added together, and the physiological responses to independent ARA and DHA supplementation are poorly understood. Additionally, while ARA and DHA forms, including triglyceride (TG) and phospholipid, are known to influence bioavailability and tissue accretion, little is known about the use of these LCPUFA as free fatty acid (FFA) during early development. Using the young pig model, two experiments were conducted to help to fill these knowledge gaps.
The first experiment explored the impact of independent and combined ARA and DHA supplementation. Intact male pigs received one of four dietary treatments (N = 12 per treatment) from postnatal day 2 to 30 with the following target ARA/DHA levels, as a percent of total FA: CON (0.00/0.00), ARA (0.80/0.00), DHA (0.00/0.80), and ARA+DHA (0.80/0.80). Tissue FA accretion, immune response, sleep and motor activity, and myelin thickness in the corpus callosum were evaluated. There were no differences in intake or growth between dietary groups, nor did supplementation differentially affect immune response or myelination outcomes. DHA supplementation alone increased brain DHA, but decreased ARA compared with other groups, while ARA alone increased brain ARA compared with all other groups but did not affect brain DHA compared with CON. The combined ARA+DHA increased brain DHA levels but did not affect brain ARA levels compared with the CON. Pigs fed ARA or ARA+DHA also exhibited higher levels of activity than those fed CON or DHA, and the inclusion of ARA and DHA alone induced differences in time spent asleep compared with CON and ARA+DHA. Together, these data support the case for ARA inclusion when DHA is supplemented in IF to support neurodevelopment and brain ARA accretion. The second study investigated the safety and efficacy of novel sodium and potassium salts of ARA derived from M. alpina oil (Na-ARA and K-ARA), both of which dissociate to Na+/K+ and FFA upon contact with water. Male and female pigs were randomized to one of four dietary treatments (N = 16 per treatment) from postnatal day 2 to 23. ARA and DHA were included as either TG or salt form at the following target ARA/DHA concentrations, as percent of total FA: TT (0.47 TG/0.32 TG), NaT (0.47 Na-salt/0.32 TG), KT (0.47 K-salt/0.32 TG), Na0 (0.47 Na-salt/0.00), and NaNa (0.47 Na-salt/0.32 Na-salt). Overall, the inclusion of ARA and DHA in salt form did not affect growth performance, liver histology, or substantially influence hematological outcomes compared with the TG forms. Bioequivalence assessments confirmed both Na-ARA and K-ARA were 100% bioequivalent to the TG-ARA based on ARA accretion in the cerebral cortex and retinal tissues. These findings demonstrate that the use of these novel FA salts in the young pig was both safe and nutritionally bioequivalent to TG-ARA for critical neural tissues. Overall, the results from these studies demonstrate the importance of balancing dietary ARA and DHA supplementation in IF to support structural and functional brain development, as well as confirm the safety of novel lipid forms of ARA and DHA for use in IF.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2022-12-01The student, Kaylee Hahn, accepted the attached license on 2020-10-14 at 16:49.The student, Kaylee Hahn, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2020-10-14 at 18:27.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2020-10-16 at 09:59.Made available in DSpace on 2021-03-05T21:40:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2020-10-16Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 117186
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Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 117186
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La ciència, la filosofia i l'art: nota sobre «¿Què ens fa humans?», de Salvador Macip (2022)
Get PDFAl llibre ¿Què ens fa humans? (2022), Salvador Macip explora la pregunta del títol a través d'un diàleg fructífer entre la ciència i la filosofia. Ara bé, Macip diu que no està interessat en tota la filosofia, sinó només en «la part de la filosofia que ha aplicat el mètode científic » (p. 159). A quina part de la filosofia fa referència exactament? Repassarem les idees principals del llibre de Macip fent especial esment dels filòsofs que es mencionen. Així, podrem tenir una idea més precisa de quina mena de filosofia és la que interessa a Macip. També revisarem breument les referències artístiques incloses al llibre de Macip, ja que el mateix autor afirma que «ciència i art no s'haurien de veure com dues entitats separades (i gairebé antagòniques) […], sinó com components del mateix concepte, el de la cultura humana» (p. 35).In the book ¿Què ens fa humans? [What makes us human?] (2022), Salvador Macip explores the question in the title through a fruitful dialogue between science and philosophy. However, Macip says that he is not interested in all philosophy, but only in "the part of philosophy that has applied the scientific method" (p. 159). What part of philosophy is he referring to exactly? Here, we will review the main ideas in Macip's book, making particular reference to the philosophers he mentions. Thus, we will acquire a more precise idea of what kind of philosophy Macip is interested in. Additionally, we will also briefly review the artistic references Macip makes in his book, as the author claims that "science and art should not be seen as two separate (and almost antagonistic) entities […], but as components of the same concept, that of human culture" (p. 35).En el libro ¿Què ens fa humans? (¿Qué nos hace humanos?) (2022), Salvador Macip explora la pregunta del título a través de un diálogo fructífero entre la ciencia y la filosofía. Ahora bien, Macip dice que no está interesado en toda la filosofía, sino solo en «la parte de la filosofía que ha aplicado el método científico» (p. 159). ¿A qué parte de la filosofía se refiere exactamente? Repasaremos las ideas principales del libro de Macip haciendo especial mención de los filósofos que se citan. Así, podremos tener una idea más precisa de qué tipo de filosofía es el que le interesa a Macip. También revisaremos brevemente las referencias artísticas incluidas en el libro de Macip, ya que el propio autor afirma que «ciencia y arte no deberían verse como dos entidades separadas (y casi antagónicas) […], sino como componentes del mismo concepto, el de la cultura humana» (p. 35)
IMPLEMENTASI QR CODE VALIDATION PADA SISTEM INFORMASI SURAT PERINTAH PERJALANAN DINAS
Get PDFAbstract— Quick Response Code (QR Code) is a two-dimensional barcode that is able to provide more information than a one-dimensional barcode. Smart phone technology that develops very fast with advanced camera facilities equipped with scanning and decoding qr code features. The camera reads the QR code in five parts, namely pattern, alignment, timing pattern, quiet zone, and data area. The five sections used the qr code library to translate back in numbers or letters quickly. Compared to one-dimensional barcodes, qr code is more useful because it can store numbers or letters, while one-dimensional barcodes can only store numbers. The advantage of the QR code that can store numbers and letters is the choice of the company in using the QR code as a support system for official travel orders made in a website-based program
«La Sortija de Barcelona»
No full textThe journal La Llumanera de Nova York informed its readers in April 1875, through a
letter signed by the new correspondent in Barcelona, Serafí Pitarra, that «ara no’s fa surtija
per Sant Cristófol» in Barcelona. The author did not interpret this development as a
victory of the modern city progress, but precisely as a shortcoming. The «sortija» was of
an equestrian skill game whose objective was hitting a ring with a stick, a fork, a spear, a
sword ... In this article we reconstruct the history of this game in the Catalan Countries,
all the while referring to the island of Sardinia, where has survived until toda
Pere Vicent Sabata, anonymous author: regarding the “goigs” of the ms. 804 of the BHUV
Get PDFEl ms. 804 de la Biblioteca Històrica de la Universitat de València és una col·lecció factícia de goigs en castellà que, en bona part, són fulls impresos datats o datables del segle XVIII. L’article comença amb un esbós general sobre el contingut i les característiques d’aquest volum. Després, se centra en alguns goigs manuscrits atribuïts a Pere Vicent Sabata conservats en el ms. 804 o en el ms. 3619 de la Biblioteca de Catalunya. Finalment, a partir d’una anàlisi de l’estil i de les relacions intertextuals, es fa una proposta d’atribució de tres poesies més, dues d’elles impreses, que fins ara mai no havien estat assignades a Pere Vicent Sabata. L’article es clou amb la transcripció de vuit obres poètiques del gènere gogístic escrites o atribuïdes a l’autor susdit.The Ms. 804 of the Biblioteca Històrica of the University of Valencia is a miscellany volume of “goigs” (popular religious songs) printed, for the most part, in Spanish as broadsides dated from the 18th century, explicitly or not. This paper begins with an overview of the content and characteristics of this volume. Then it focuses on a few handwritten “goigs” attributed to Pere Vicent Sabata which have been preserved in the Ms. 804 or in the Ms. 3619 of the Biblioteca de Catalunya. Finally, three more poems -two of them printed- are attributed to him through an analysis of the style and intertextual relationships. Until now any of them had never been attributed to Pere Vicent Sabata. This paper concludes with the transcription of eight “goigs” written or attributed to the aforementioned author
Discrimination between freshwater and marine fish using fatty acids: ecological implications and future perspectives
Get PDFFatty acids (FA) are a major source of nutrients and energy in aquatic food webs, as well as serving as the main components of all cell membranes. Increasing anthropogenic impacts (e.g., climate change) are predicted to selectively alter the production of these critical compounds, with potential cascading effects reaching higher trophic level organisms, including humans. To provide a more comprehensive assessment of these potential effects, we synthesized and systematically explored differences in the abundance and distribution of FA in fish, due to their pivotal role in aquatic ecosystems and value to humans. An extensive data set consisting of 1382 fish FA profiles was analyzed to identify the main differences in FA composition of freshwater vs. marine fish, taking into account the effects of taxonomic, geographic (i.e., latitude zone), and functional (i.e., feeding mode) factors. Freshwater fish had relatively high contents of 18:2n-6 (linoleic acid, LNA) and 20:4n-6 (arachidonic acid, ARA) indicative of freshwater algae and terrestrial dietary sources. In contrast, 20:1n-9 and 22:1n-11, well known as marine zooplankton biomarkers, typified the FA composition of marine fish. Using this result, we constructed a new metric (i.e., a specific C18–C22 unsaturated FA ratio) that we propose can assist in characterizing the feeding habitat (freshwater vs. marine) and, to some extent, the diet of fish. Our analysis also revealed that carnivores from high latitudes had higher contents of 20:5n-3 (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA) and 22:6n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA), thus making them an excellent source of essential FA for human consumption. In parallel, unsaturated FA contents were higher overall at temperate and polar latitudes than in the tropics. The latter two trends may be driven by water temperature variation across latitudes, which is known to affect FA composition of cell membranes in ectotherms. Last, a strong retention of DHA was observed in both freshwater and marine fish. We conclude that our discrimination between freshwater and marine fish provides a quantitative tool that is applicable to a broad range of research and conservation initiatives.The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the pdf file of the accepted manuscript may differ slightly from what is displayed on the item page. The information in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript reflects the original submission by the author
Modulation of macrophage tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosanoids, and calcium
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Previous issue date: 1993This research was undertaken to investigate the suppression of tumor necrosis factor- (TNF- production imparted by -3 fatty acid (FA) enhancement on macrophage (m In an in vitro system, murine monocytic cell lines and peritoneal m were incubated with either eicosapentaenoate-BSA (EPA, -3), arachidonate-BSA (ARA, -6), palmitoleate-BSA (PMOA, -7), or BSA. EPA consistently caused 60% suppression of LPS-induced TNF- synthesis. PMOA and BSA had no effect. Recombinant murine interferon- (rMulFN- enhanced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TNF- production and dose-dependently reduced the suppression caused by EPA. Indomethacin augmented TNF- production; however, it did not completely abrogate the EPA-induced suppression. ARA caused suppression similar to EPA, but this was totally abrogated by indomethacin. The Ca\sp{2+} ionophore ionomycin was effective as a priming agent and abrogated the EPA-induced suppression when used with LPS.Eicosanoids derived from ARA (PGE\sb2) and EPA (PGE\sb3) are structurally different. Both PGE\sb2 and PGE\sb3 dose-dependently suppressed TNF- Their efficacy was dependent on concentration and the level of m stimulation, in the absence or presence of indomethacin.TNF- mRNA levels of control and EPA-enhanced groups were compared. When IFN- was used, the mRNA levels of EPA-treated groups were equal in magnitude to the control groups'. Therefore, the observed suppression at the cellular level could not be attributed to differential levels of mRNA accumulation at low activational states. When ionomycin was used as a priming agent, the mRNA levels for the EPA group was consistently higher than that of the controls', which, at the cellular level, was paralleled with abrogation of the differences in TNF- detected between groups. Together, the findings suggested that post-transcriptional processes were responsible for the observed suppression of TNF-From these findings, -3 FA enhancement of murine m-induced suppression of TNF- by a minimum of two paths. First, PGE\sb3 derived from EPA could directly cause suppression of TNF- Second, ionomycin, IFN- and PKc activation demonstrated that up-regulation of this pathway could reverse the effects of -3 FA enhancement.Item marked as restricted to the 'UIUC Users [automated]' Group (id=2) by Howard Ding ([email protected]) on 2011-05-07T14:50:15Z
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Women and environmental and nature journalism
No full textL’article s’inicia amb la comparació entre feminisme i ecologisme i continua amb una reflexió personal sobre l’experiència de l’autora com a cap de la revista Nat. També, fa evident el famós “sostre de vidre” sota el qual les dones periodistes tan sols poden contemplar els llocs de direcció sense per això poder copsar-los. Pel que fa a les revistes de natura, aquestes es troben carregades d’una visió masculina, la qual cosa podria considerar-se contradictori si pensem que els temes naturals es troben ben sovint relacionats amb alguns aspectes de la feminitat com ara la reproducció. L’autora d’aquest article reflexiona sobre les possibles explicacions de la desequilibradíssima presència masculina en el periodisme ambiental. De més a més, no solament és greu el fet que els periodistes siguin gairebé sempre homes sinó que, a més, aquest tipus de revistes com Nat funcionen amb l’ajut constant d’especialistes que també són majoritàriament masculins.This article begins with a comparison of feminism and ecology, and continues with personal reflections on the author’s experience as chief editor of Nat Magazine. Maria Josep Picó gives evidence for the infamous “glass ceiling” beneath which women journalists have had to contemplate positions of responsibility, without quite being able to access them. We learn that even nature magazines are run in conformity with a masculine vision of things, which is contradictory when we consider that themes of nature are often in parallel to aspects of femininity, such as reproduction. The author gives possible explanations for this large disequilibrium in environmental journalism. Not only is it a grave state of affairs that journalists tend to be men most of the time, argues Maria Josep Picó, but also the specialists on whom publications like Nat Magazine must rely constantly also tend to be men
De la aldea global al circuito integrado
No full textL'autora fa seva I'analisi semidtica de F. Rossi-Landi entorn de la relació entre economia i Ilenguatge, i des d'aquí aborda els efectes de la mundialització de I'economia i la comunicació. En aquest punt oposa certs aspectes de la teoria de McLuhan a un nou mapa político-cognitium que Donna Haraway ha presentat amb el nom de acircuit integrat. Examina Ilavors les transformacions que la nova situació genera en el subjecte i la societat. I acaba suggerint una resposta que parteix del rebuig de categories ontologiques com ara la identitat, negant així mateix -a partir de Benjamin- que en el camp artístic les velles categories puguin tenir validesa com a eina de comprensió. El cyborg és la metafora o amite ironico-polític en que s'encarna aquesta resposta.The author bases his semiotic analysis of F. Rossi-Landi on the relationship between the economy and language, and from here examines the effects of the globalization of the economy and communication. Here, he contrasts certain aspects of McLuhan's theory with a new "politico-cognitive map" to which Donna Haraway has given the name "integrated circuit". He, then, examines the transformations that the new situation generates in the subject and society. He concludes by suggesting a reply based on the rejection of ontological categories such as identity, thus denying -as did Benjamin before him- that in theartislic field earlier categories can still be valid as interpretative tools. The cyborg is the metaphor or "ironic-political-myth" in which the response is embodied
El paper de les institucions acadèmiques catalanes. De les acadèmies il·lustrades a l'Institut d'Estudis Catalans i les seves societats filials
Get PDFEs fa un breu repàs històric dels mitjans emprats, els públics perseguits i l'abast assolit en la difusió de la ciència per les institucions acadèmiques catalanes des de la fundació de les primeres acadèmies a mitjan segle XVIII fins ara. Se'n constata la insuficiència de mitjans i les condicions socials i polítiques adverses durant una part considerable d'aquest període, així com el dinamisme escàs i la limitació voluntària de públic de moltes d'aquestes acadèmies. Això n'explicaria el limitat ressò fins a períodes recents, encara que també s'assenyalen algunes excepcions a la tendència general que han permès eixamplar l'abast de la difusió de la ciència des de determinades institucions acadèmiques.Role of Catalan academic institutions. From illustration academies to Institute of Catalan Studies and its societies. A short revision is given of the means employed, the audience aimed at and the extent reached in science dissemination by Catalan academic institutions since the foundation of the first Academies in the mid-XVIII century to present. The author notes the insufficient resources of theses institutions and the adverse social and political conditions over a considerable extent of this period, and also their poor dynamism and their voluntary restrictions about the kind of audience pursued. All that could explain the short echo obtained until very recent periods, despite of some exception to the general tendency, which has permitted a broader extent of science dissemination from some of these academic institutions
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