115 research outputs found
In vitro exoproteome profile of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in iron depleted condition
No full textStenotrophomonas maltophilia has been recently identified as the third most common nosocomial infection in the hospital especially among immunocompromised patients. Management of S. maltophilia infection is an inordinate challenge in the hospital due to its intrinsic and acquired resistance to most of the antibiotics. Although S. maltophilia is frequently associated with increased morbidities and mortalities, the pathogenesis mechanisms of S. maltophilia are still not very clear. This is due to S. maltophilia which entered hospital setting from environmental sources heavily colonizes the respiratory tract and other anatomical sites, without showing a clear cut infection in human. Hence, the debate about whether S. maltophilia is a true pathogen or a colonizer is still an ongoing investigation.
Iron is an essential factor for their survival. In the host environment, the level of iron is ~1011 times below than the level required for microorganism and is mostly unavailable as it is bound together with host protein. Microbes develop multiple mechanisms such as siderophores secretion to forage for free iron in an iron limited environment. Under iron starvation, microbes also secrete other virulence potential exoproteins. The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of iron depletion in secretion of proteomes in S. maltophilia.
Briefly, four strains of the S. maltophilia LMG959 (environment), ATCC 13637, CS17 and CS24 (clinical) were grown in normal and iron depleted medium. The siderophores production was screened qualitatively and quantitatively using CAS plate and liquid assay. Followed by, nematocidal assay was performed to test the ability of S. maltophilia supernatant grown in iron depleted medium to kill the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Lastly, the putative proteins expressed during the stressed condition were identified by Isobariq Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantification (ITRAQ) mass spectrometry.
Initial screening of siderophores production exhibited largest yellow zone for CS17 and CS24 (10 mm) followed by ATCC13637 (8 mm), LMG959 (6 mm). The siderophores production was further confirmed quantitatively and the highest was detected in both clinical isolates (30.8% [p0.05). Isolates grown under iron-depleted condition (ATCC 13637: 63%; CS17: 96%; CS24: 97%) showed more nematocidal activity than in normal condition (ATCC 13637: 43%; CS17: 76%; CS24: 79%) (p>0.05). None of the worms were killed when infected with LMG959. Based on the above result, only CS17 and LMG959 are subjected to ITRAQ analysis. ITRAQ analysis revealed a total of 122 proteins showed altered expression in response to iron starvation with 96 being up-regulated and 26 were down-regulated for both isolates. ITRAQ analysis identified higher expression of several iron acquisition and pathogenic potential proteins in both isolates grown in iron depleted condition. In another study, clinical and environment isolates grown under normal condition were compared to identify the proteomic profiles. ITRAQ analysis discovered 81 proteins that exhibited differently expressed with 40 proteins up-regulated and 41 proteins down-regulated. In normal condition, several proteins such as Elongation factor G, Endoribonuclease and Fimbrial protein expressed in higher fold in clinical isolate compared to environmental isolate.
In conclusion, S. maltophilia produced siderophores under iron depleted condition. Based on nematocidal assay, eventhough there is no significant difference in killing rates between iron depleted and normal condition but S. maltophilia did show an increased of ~20% of its killing rates in iron depleted medium except for LMG959. ITRAQ analysis revealed S. maltophilia altered the expression of metabolic, iron acquisition and pathogenic potential proteins under iron starvation. A comparison of clinical and environmental isolates grown in normal medium revealed that clinical isolates expresses more pathogenic potential proteins compared to environmental isolate. The data obtained in the present study, clearly indicates that under iron depleted condition, S. maltophilia are capable of altering the expression of its proteomes to ensure their survival in the host
Search engine for books / Amierul Izzuddin Azman
No full textSearch engine is web-based software that searches for and identifies things in a collection that match the user's keywords or characters, and is mostly used to locate specific websites on the Internet. The basic idea of information retrieval (IR), as is well-known in the computer industry, is to search a given amount of data and retrieve those records that fulfil a set of criteria. For this project, it will be more on developing a search system that focus on the domain of books. Although many search engines available for book searching, most of them still have room for improvement. The reality to find books using search engine are quite challenging because, the users need to know the title of the book in order to retrieved relevant result from the search engine. Therefore, this project aims to propose a search engine that might produce better result by manipulating the indexing structure of the search engine. Software Development Life Cycle also known as SDLC was used as the methodology in this project development. This project applies the vector space model for the matching process, because the chosen software library for this project which is Apache Lucene is using the vector space model as its foundation. In addition, the Bag-of-Words approach was used as the basis for the indexing module. The indexing process indexed the information of the books such as the book title, the author name, publisher, year published, pages count and synopsis of the book. The search engine's assessment criteria include recall and precision. In IR, recall and precision have long been used as standard evaluation criteria. Keenly, the results of this project prove that index files that contain more domain information can increase the relevancy of a search engin
Conducting political research in a highly sensitive post-conflict environment: Reflections from the internally displaced camps in Kenya / Muhammad Danial Azman
No full textThis article elucidates the ethical and methodological intricacies of the semi-structured interviews when the author conducted is qualitative-based fieldwork in the Internally Displaced Camps (IDPs) in Nairobi and Rift Valley, Kenya. Research can be regarded as the production of knowledge, and the research process is the roadmap used in order to produce scientific knowledge about the objectivity of individual agency and its social reality, but there is a paucity of recent studies that reveal the complexity of conducting research in highly sensitive environments, especially in the IDP camps. This study hopes to fill in the gap in scholarship by interviewing the survivors of the post-election violence (PEV) who occupied the IDP camps and urban slums using a framework of research ethics on the IDPs. The essay looks into the process of ethical and moral considerations in response to the issues of political sensitivity when interviewing the IDPs. The paper begins with a brief introduction to the case study. Secondly, the research ethical framework and the actual research design are discussed. Following this, the challenges faced by the author regarding research important decisions made before, during and after the fieldwork (research steps and processes) are examined. The analysis concludes by suggesting the research prospects and limitations of the semi-structured interview method in the IDP camps and highlights the importance of recognising the 'positionality' of the researcher from just 'observing' to the furthe
Conducting political research in a highly sensitive post-conflict environment: reflections from the internally displaced camps in Kenya
No full textThis article elucidates the ethical and methodological intricacies of the
semi- structured interviews when the author conducted his qualitative-
based fieldwork in the Internally Displaced Camps (IDPs) in Nairobi
and Rift Valley, Kenya
Implementasi Kaidahla Yunkiru Tagayyur Al-ahkam Bitagayyur Al-azman Wa Al-ahwal Dalam Ibadah Di Masa Pandemi
No full textCovid 19, which spread on the earth, changed the whole social order, be it economics, education, politics, health and even the way of Muslims, especially worship. This is caused by an emergency requiring everyone not to carry out activities outside the home, so that the impact on all worship activities that should be carried out by worshiping in the mosque must be avoided. In this article the author tries to explore changes in law if viewed from the side of the rule “La Yunkiru Tag{ayyur Al-Ahkam Bitag{ayyur Al-Azman wa Al-Ahwal” (not denied the change in a law due to the eruption of the times and circumstances) during a pandemic. This principle becomes the basis of the flexibility of Islamic law in accordance with the development and conditions of the times. So that Islamic law is always present as a law in accordance with human history throughout the ages from the time of Adam to the end of time. Islam is always suitable and in accordance with all climates and all nations throughout the world. It is a religion that remains perfect when faced with all the changes that are continually there. Islam comes with ease and flexibility, not a religion that has not been stagnant when responding to changing timesKey words: Covid 19, Islamic Law, Changing Times Covid 19 yang merebak di bumi merubah tatanan bermasyarakat seluruhnya, baik ekonomi, pendidikan, politik, kesehatan bahkan cara umat Islam beragama khususnya ibadah. Ini oleh akibatkan olehkondisi darurat menuntut setiap orang untuk tidak melakukan aktivitas di luar rumah, sehingga berdampak pada seluruh aktivitas ibadah yang harusnya dilaksanakan dengan caraberjamaah di masjid harus dihindari.Dalam artikel ini penulis mencoba menggali Perubahan hukum jika ditinjau dari sisi kaidah “La Yunkiru Tagayyur Al-Ahkam Bitagayyur Al-Azman wa Al-Ahwal”(tidak diingkari berubahnya sebuah hukum disebabkan karena berubanhya zaman dan keadaan) di masa pandemi.Kaidah ini menjadi dasar fleksibelitas syariat Islam yang sesuai dengan perkembangan dan keadaan zaman.Sehingga syariat Islam selalu hadir sebagai syariat yang sesuai dengan sejarah manusia sepanjangzaman sejak masaNabi Adam hingga manusia akhir zaman.Islam selalu cocok dan sesuai dengan segala iklim dan segala bangsa di seluruh dunia.Ia agama yang tetap sempurna ketika dihadapkan pada segala Perubahan yang terus menerus ada. Islam datang dengan kemudahan dan keluwesan bukan agama yang jumud (stagnan) tidak bisa berkembang saat merespon Perubahan keadaan zaman
Effects of weaving patterns towards different welded joints
No full textWelding plays major role in shipbuilding activities as it joins most metals. This requires many welders to be employed. When it comes to weaving, most welders have preferable patterns. There will be circular in motion, zigzag, crescent, straight and many more. Weaving can be defined as the way of manipulation of the torch during the welding process. However, there was no analysis done to study their effects on heat affected zone (HAZ) for each type of welded joint. In this paper, the author will focus on tee and butt joint
A review of Islamic credit card models in Malaysia
No full textIslamic credit card or better known as Credit Card-i is one of the alternative banking products
introduced by Islamic financial institutions in Malaysia to substitute the conventional credit card. This
paper aims at reviewing the structures and instruments applied by Islamic Financial Institutions in
Malaysia from Shariah Compliance perspectives. The instruments include tawarruk, inah, and ujrah. The
method used is descriptive and positive analytical criticism which aims at improving the existing
structure
Design and Fabrication of Brushless DC Motor Driven Personal Electric Vehicle (PEV)
No full textThe author wishes to take the opportunity to express his utmost gratitude to the individual that have taken the time and effort to assist the author in completing the project. Without the cooperation of these individuals, no doubt the author would have faced some minor complications throughout the course.
First and foremost the author’s utmost gratitude goes to the author’s supervisor, Mr Azman Zainuddin. Without his guidance and patience, the author would not succeed to complete the project.
The author also highly indebted to most of the lecturers for their guidance and knowledge in providing necessary information regarding project and also their support to complete this project.
The author also would like to give gratitude to the technicians that helped in giving opinions and also helped in the project.
Last but not least, the author also not forgetting all friends and families for their big support whether in giving opinions, ideas and also moral support to author to complete the project
Development of knowledge in records management by using bibliometric analysis on records management journal / Kamarul Azwan Azman, Mohd Nizam Yunus and Hanis Diyana Kamarudin
No full textA bibliometric analysis of 235 articles published in Records Management Journal's 15 years of publication, ranging from 1994-2009 was carried out. The range of articles published per volume is between 9 and 17. Most papers (80%) are single authored or 187 authors out of a total of 235 authors. Elizabeth Shepherd, the most prolific author contributed 7 papers. 174 (59.2%) of the authors are geographically affiliated to United Kingdom. The most productive institution/organization is University of Northumbria, United Kingdom with 24 out of 187 authors. Subject analysis indicates that "Systems Design and Implementation" outnumbered other subjects with 15.8% (37) out of total of 235 articles. Most of the cited publications (97.7%) are in English Language. The majority of articles are research papers contributing 78 articles (33.2%)
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