131,184 research outputs found
Assignment of the Equus caballus interleukin 8 gene (IL8) to chromosome 3q14.2-> q14.3 by in situ hybridization
No full text© 2006 S. Karger AG, BaselNergadze, S.G. ; Magnani, E. ; Attolini, C. ; Bertoni, L. ; Adelson, D.L. ; Cappelli, K. ; Verini Supplizi, A. ; Giulotto, E
Adelson checkerboard display parsed in the brightness and lightness modes.
No full text<p>The model explains the key perceptual properties implied by the Adelson checkerboard display shown in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0113159#pone-0113159-g001" target="_blank">Fig. 1A</a>. Surface gray shades are specified in a perceptual blackness-whiteness space given by the coordinates ). The free parameter controls the balance between so-called brightness () and lightness () ‘modes’ that represent the respective assumptions of spatially uniform or variable illumination. (A) <b>Brightness mode</b>: According to the model, the summation of luminance and contrast vectors ensures that check B in the Adelson checkerboard display has higher whiteness than check A ( with respect to and ) and check A has higher blackness than check B ( with respect to and ), consistent with various data on the simultaneous contrast effect <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0113159#pone.0113159-Vladusich3" target="_blank">[54]</a>. (B) <b>Lightness mode</b>: According to the model, an illuminant-shift process combines with the vector summation underlying simultaneous contrast to produce the Adelson checkerboard effect, i.e. = + , where is a ‘shadow vector’ with non-zero blackness and zero whiteness components that introduces the comparison luminance gamut, . The illuminant-shift process transforms the blackness coordinates of checks B and D in relatively dim illumination towards the blackness axis, e.g. is smaller in lightness mode than it is in the brightness mode example illustrated in subfigure (A). Checks with the same reflectance thus share the same blackness coordinates (), and checks with different reflectance but the same luminance have very different blackness coordinates ( with respect to and ). Due to the asymmetrical scaling of blackness coordinates relative to whiteness coordinates, blackness plays the dominant role in determining the surface gray shade <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0113159#pone.0113159-Vladusich3" target="_blank">[54]</a>. The model thus explains both the independence of surface gray shades with respect to variable illumination intensity levels and the large magnitude of the Adelson checkerboard effect relative to simultaneous contrast alone. Adelson checkerboard image adapted from <a href="http://web.mit.edu/persci/people/adelson/checkershadow_illusion.html" target="_blank">http://web.mit.edu/persci/people/adelson/checkershadow_illusion.html</a> under the Creative Commons Attribution License.</p
Annotation of the chicken IL10 gene cluster and effects of lipopolysaccharide stimulation on IL10 gene expression
No full textA. Yilmaz, S. Shen, D. L. Adelson, S. Xavier and J. Zh
Chromosomal assignments and sequences for the equine core circadian clock genes
No full textThe definitive version is available at www.blackwell-synergy.comB. A. Murphy, T. L. Lear, D. L. Adelson, B. P. Fitzgeral
Comparative mapping of oculocutaneous albinism type II (OCA2) transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 1 (TRPM1) and two equine microsatellites ASBO8 and 1CA43 among four equid species by fluorescence in situ hybridization
No full text© 2006 S. Karger AG, BaselBellone, R. ; Lear, T. ; Adelson, D.L. ; Bailey, E
Chromosomal assignment of six genes (EIF4G3, HSP90, RBBP6, IL8, TERT, and TERC) in four species of the genus Equus
No full textWe mapped six genes (EIF4G3, HSP90, RBBP6, IL8, TERT, and TERC) on the chromosomes of Equus caballus, Equus asinus, Equus grevyi, and Equus burchelli by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Our results add six type I markers to the cytogenetic map of these species and provide new information on the comparative genomics of the genus Equus.Pamela Vidale, Francesca M. Piras, Solomon G. Nergadze, Livia Bertoni, Andrea Verini-Supplizi, David Adelson, Gérard Guérin and Elena Giulott
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
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