324,399 research outputs found
The foraging distribution of Cape gannets in relation to Addo Elephant National Park Marine Protected Area
No full textSeabirds are considered to be the sentinels of the ocean, as they are able to locate their prey in spite of the great heterogeneity of the marine environment. During the breeding season, these central-place foragers not only need to find prey to maintain themselves but also to feed their young. The changes in the distribution of their prey due to environmental and human activity factors can affect their individual and population health.
In order to protect the local biodiversity, the Addo Elephant National Park Marine Protected Area was proclaimed in 2019 in Algoa Bay, Eastern Cape, South Africa. Bird Island (Algoa Bay) hosts the largest Cape gannet (Morus capensis) colony in the world and lies within Addo Elephant Nation Park Marine Protected Area. This Marine Protected Area aims to offer refuge to a vast variety of species and promote fisheries sustainability.
This study is focused on the foraging distribution of Cape gannets in relation to Addo Elephant National Park Marine Protected Area. The deployment of adult Cape gannets with GPS devices during the rearing season of 2021, enabled the analysis of their foraging range, behaviour, and the speculation on possible enhancements in their foraging effort as a result of the implementation of this Marine Protected Area.
These top predators showed a variety of distributions, but the majority of the birds stayed in the vicinity of Algoa Bay. Their behaviour was classified and feeding grounds related to the Marine Protected Area were identified. Comparison to previous data from 2010 until 2020 indicated a fluctuating foraging range, but showed a possible reduction in the gannet distribution since the Marine Protected Area implementation. Last, an area of high activity was identified and paired with results from previous studies. In conclusion, this location could be proposed as an additional Marine Protected Area after further investigation.
This research provides an assessment of the foraging distribution of Cape gannets that can be used for their management, but also for the monitoring of the Addo Elephant National Park Marine Protected Area
5G Aerial Component for IoT Support in Remote Rural Areas
No full textThere is today a renewed interest in satellite communications. It is expected that many new systems will be operative in a short time. They will become part of the aerial component of 5G, also including high-altitude balloons and drones for focused coverages. The interest of this paper is to investigate a satellite 5G scenario for massive Machine Type communication (mMTC), where an intermediate layer of drones is used for collecting sensors data. We study an application where sensors are deployed in large rural (remote) areas for the timely detection of fire alarms (even if other types of measurements and alarms are possible). In this scenario, no terrestrial Internet connectivity is available so that drones are used to collect data from sensors and connect to a control station via satellite. A system architecture has been proposed and an analytical model has been adopted to characterize the mean delay to notify alarms from the field to the control center. This model takes shadowing and collisions effects into account. This study has been validated by means of simulations
Ranging behaviour of elephants within a small, fenced area in Addo Elephant National Park, South Africa
No full textThe elephant population (n = 324, December 2000) in Addo Elephant National Park (AENP), South Africa, is restricted to an area (103 km2) considerably smaller than most elephant ranges. The Addo elephants’ ranging behaviour was studied in order to determine whether natural patterns of male and female ranging behaviour can be maintained within a confined area. Radio tracking was used to facilitate measurements of hourly distances travelled, larger scale directional movements, home range sizes, centres of activity and associations. Female home ranges overlap, and interactions between family groups are frequently observed. Females and non musth males travel similar distances and speeds on an hourly basis, but female core range sizes are larger, presumably because bigger areas are needed to satisfy the nutritional requirements of their young. Contrary to expectations, Addo males do not travel further and faster on an hourly basis when they are in musth in comparison to when they are not in musth. However, the movement of males in musth is more directional, so that they cover a greater area of the park. Males associate more frequently with females when in musth than when non musth. Unlike in other populations, non musth ‘male retirement areas’ in AENP are not exclusive, as there is spatial and temporal overlap with female ranges, and hence with the ranges of males in musth. It is suggested that the resulting increased frequency of contact between musth and non musth males may result in elevated mate competition, and this could contribute to the high levels of aggression observed between Addo bulls.Key words: association patterns, confinement, musth
Diffusive author(s), cohesive author: Analysis of S/N (1994)
No full textThis study indicates the ways in which various aspects of the author(s) are brought forth in Dumb type’s performance art, the S/N production. Previous research has suggested a non-hierarchical organization of Dumb type and the absence of a “privileged author” in Dumb type’s collaborative work, S/N. However, the results that I have investigated from member’s interviews on the creative process of S/N along with my analysis of the recorded images of S/N, indicate a different aspect of the author(s). First, S/N was created through, so to speak, the collective ideas of the members of Dumb type. Further, S/N has at least nine quotations from previous performances, installations, and printed writings, besides the work-in-progress technique. Explicating one of the “author functions” as given by Michel Foucault, each text has plural subjects of the author. However, it has been revealed from members’ interviews that Teiji Furuhashi had a decision-making role in selecting the members’ ideas within the performance. Since then, S/N has had plural subjects of creation; however, Furuhashi is one of the subjects of creation along with the “privileged author.” S/N has plural authors (diffusive authors) yet at the same time, it has a “privileged author,” Teiji Furuhashi (cohesive author)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
TRANSFORMING THIRD WORLD CITIES THROUGH GOOD URBAN GOVERNANCE: FRESH EVIDENCE
No full textMany Ghanaians believe that introducing multi-party elections at the metropolitan, municipal and district levels would ensure the election of competent people to manage the urban or local economy. This belief is premised on the assumption that electorates are informed and would vote for competent politicians. Using the 2008 elections in Ghana, it is argued that only a minority of electorates vote on issues; the majority vote along tribal and party lines; and based on how “humble” a politician is or simply based on monetocracy. This means that introducing elections into the local government system would not necessarily lead to a transformation of the local or urban economy; greater local democracy is not the answer to the housing problem, sanitation crisis, unemployment burden and the poverty challenge. There may be the need for a new form of local democracy.Democracy, Urban, Governance, Ghana, Elections
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Seasonal diet, grouped into broad growth form categories (mean ± SD), of elephant (shaded bars) and black rhinoceros (clear bars) in the Addo Main Camp section.
No full text<p>Seasonal diet, grouped into broad growth form categories (mean ± SD), of elephant (shaded bars) and black rhinoceros (clear bars) in the Addo Main Camp section.</p
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No full textCan archives of audiovisual TV interviews be used to make authors more visible to students, and thereby reduce the learning gap between native and non-native language speakers in college classes? We examined students in a college course who learned about one scholar's ideas through watching an audiovisual TV interview (i.e., visible author format) and about another scholar's ideas through reading a formal text description (i.e., invisible author format). For the invisible author, native language speakers scored significantly higher than the non-native language speakers on a corresponding exam question (i.e., a cognitive measure), generated more words on the exam question (i.e., a motivational measure), and mentioned the author's name more often in answering the exam question (i.e., an affective measure). For the visible author, the groups did not differ on any of these measures. These findings provide evidence for the idea that making the author visible through audiovisual TV interviews can eliminate the learning gap between native and non-native language speakers. 3 Universities around the world serve students who are non-native speakers of th
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