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Organisation et gestion de la recherche clinique dans les réanimations françaises : regard sur les métiers de la recherche clinique
No full textClinical research is one of the cornerstones of medicine and hospital activity. Its main aim is to evaluate new practices and treatments, and it must meet precise ethical and regulatory requirements, as well as good practice.To meet these requirements, it has become professional over the years. However, few studies have been carried out on the organisation of clinical research and the professions involved. The aim of our work was to study the organisation of clinical research in order to identify any disparities in practice and suggest areas for improvement.Although clinical research activities are carried out in all hospital departments, our work has focused on Intensive care units, where patients with the most serious conditions are treated, and which are likely to be involved in a wide range of research themes.The first part of our work consisted of a scoping review of the literature in order to take stock of the research carried out on the organisation of clinical research professions. The small number of studies identified and the heterogeneity of organisations between countries, and even within the same country, demonstrated the inadequacy of the knowledge available on the subject. The second part of our work - an online survey of professionals involved in clinical research - enabled us to take stock of the clinical research professions in Intensive care units in France. As well as confirming the heterogeneity of staff profiles, particularly in terms of initial training, we showed that multivalence and autonomy were perceived as the aspects most appreciated by the professional, whereas lack of time or recognition were perceived negatively.Taken together, these results give us the opportunity to continue enriching this subject, with the prospect of extending our research internationally and proposing ways of reforming the structure of training for clinical research professional.La recherche clinique une des pierres angulaires de la médecine et de l'activité des hôpitaux a pour but l'évaluation de nouvelles pratiques et de nouveaux traitements. Elle doit répondre à des exigences éthiques et réglementaires précises accompagnées de bonnes pratiques.Pour répondre à ces exigences, elle s'est professionnalisée au fil des années. Toutefois, peu d'études sur son organisation et ses métiers ont été réalisées. L'objectif de nos travaux était d'étudier l'organisation de la recherche clinique afin d'identifier d'éventuelles disparités des pratiques et proposer des axes d'amélioration.Bien que l'ensemble des services d'un hôpital accueillent des activités de recherche clinique, nos travaux se sont focalisés sur les unités de soins critiques, services prenant en charge les patients aux affections les plus graves et susceptibles de participer à de nombreuses thématiques de recherche.La première partie de nos travaux a consisté à la réalisation d'une revue exploratoire de la littérature afin de faire un état des lieux des recherches menées sur l'organisation des métiers de la recherche clinique. Le faible nombre des études recensées et l'hétérogénéité des organisations entre les pays voire au sein d'un même pays, ont montré l'insuffisance des connaissances disponibles sur le sujet. La seconde partie de nos travaux a permis - par une enquête en ligne auprès de professionnels impliqués dans la recherche clinique - de faire un état des lieux des métiers de la recherche clinique dans les unités de soins critiques en France. En plus d'avoir confirmé l'hétérogénéité des profils du personnel, notamment en matière de la formation initiale, nous avons montré que la polyvalence et l'autonomie étaient perçues comme l'aspect le plus apprécié des personnels, alors que le manque de temps ou de reconnaissance étaient perçus négativement.L'ensemble de ces résultats nous donnent la possibilité de continuer à enrichir ce sujet avec des perspectives d'étendre notre recherche au plan international et de proposer des pistes de réformes de structurations des formations du personnel de recherche clinique
Organisation et gestion de la recherche clinique dans les réanimations françaises : regard sur les métiers de la recherche clinique
No full textClinical research is one of the cornerstones of medicine and hospital activity. Its main aim is to evaluate new practices and treatments, and it must meet precise ethical and regulatory requirements, as well as good practice.To meet these requirements, it has become professional over the years. However, few studies have been carried out on the organisation of clinical research and the professions involved. The aim of our work was to study the organisation of clinical research in order to identify any disparities in practice and suggest areas for improvement.Although clinical research activities are carried out in all hospital departments, our work has focused on Intensive care units, where patients with the most serious conditions are treated, and which are likely to be involved in a wide range of research themes.The first part of our work consisted of a scoping review of the literature in order to take stock of the research carried out on the organisation of clinical research professions. The small number of studies identified and the heterogeneity of organisations between countries, and even within the same country, demonstrated the inadequacy of the knowledge available on the subject. The second part of our work - an online survey of professionals involved in clinical research - enabled us to take stock of the clinical research professions in Intensive care units in France. As well as confirming the heterogeneity of staff profiles, particularly in terms of initial training, we showed that multivalence and autonomy were perceived as the aspects most appreciated by the professional, whereas lack of time or recognition were perceived negatively.Taken together, these results give us the opportunity to continue enriching this subject, with the prospect of extending our research internationally and proposing ways of reforming the structure of training for clinical research professional.La recherche clinique une des pierres angulaires de la médecine et de l'activité des hôpitaux a pour but l'évaluation de nouvelles pratiques et de nouveaux traitements. Elle doit répondre à des exigences éthiques et réglementaires précises accompagnées de bonnes pratiques.Pour répondre à ces exigences, elle s'est professionnalisée au fil des années. Toutefois, peu d'études sur son organisation et ses métiers ont été réalisées. L'objectif de nos travaux était d'étudier l'organisation de la recherche clinique afin d'identifier d'éventuelles disparités des pratiques et proposer des axes d'amélioration.Bien que l'ensemble des services d'un hôpital accueillent des activités de recherche clinique, nos travaux se sont focalisés sur les unités de soins critiques, services prenant en charge les patients aux affections les plus graves et susceptibles de participer à de nombreuses thématiques de recherche.La première partie de nos travaux a consisté à la réalisation d'une revue exploratoire de la littérature afin de faire un état des lieux des recherches menées sur l'organisation des métiers de la recherche clinique. Le faible nombre des études recensées et l'hétérogénéité des organisations entre les pays voire au sein d'un même pays, ont montré l'insuffisance des connaissances disponibles sur le sujet. La seconde partie de nos travaux a permis - par une enquête en ligne auprès de professionnels impliqués dans la recherche clinique - de faire un état des lieux des métiers de la recherche clinique dans les unités de soins critiques en France. En plus d'avoir confirmé l'hétérogénéité des profils du personnel, notamment en matière de la formation initiale, nous avons montré que la polyvalence et l'autonomie étaient perçues comme l'aspect le plus apprécié des personnels, alors que le manque de temps ou de reconnaissance étaient perçus négativement.L'ensemble de ces résultats nous donnent la possibilité de continuer à enrichir ce sujet avec des perspectives d'étendre notre recherche au plan international et de proposer des pistes de réformes de structurations des formations du personnel de recherche clinique
Organisation and management of clinical research in French intensive care units : a focus on clinical research professions
No full textLa recherche clinique une des pierres angulaires de la médecine et de l'activité des hôpitaux a pour but l'évaluation de nouvelles pratiques et de nouveaux traitements. Elle doit répondre à des exigences éthiques et réglementaires précises accompagnées de bonnes pratiques.Pour répondre à ces exigences, elle s'est professionnalisée au fil des années. Toutefois, peu d'études sur son organisation et ses métiers ont été réalisées. L'objectif de nos travaux était d'étudier l'organisation de la recherche clinique afin d'identifier d'éventuelles disparités des pratiques et proposer des axes d'amélioration.Bien que l'ensemble des services d'un hôpital accueillent des activités de recherche clinique, nos travaux se sont focalisés sur les unités de soins critiques, services prenant en charge les patients aux affections les plus graves et susceptibles de participer à de nombreuses thématiques de recherche.La première partie de nos travaux a consisté à la réalisation d'une revue exploratoire de la littérature afin de faire un état des lieux des recherches menées sur l'organisation des métiers de la recherche clinique. Le faible nombre des études recensées et l'hétérogénéité des organisations entre les pays voire au sein d'un même pays, ont montré l'insuffisance des connaissances disponibles sur le sujet. La seconde partie de nos travaux a permis - par une enquête en ligne auprès de professionnels impliqués dans la recherche clinique - de faire un état des lieux des métiers de la recherche clinique dans les unités de soins critiques en France. En plus d'avoir confirmé l'hétérogénéité des profils du personnel, notamment en matière de la formation initiale, nous avons montré que la polyvalence et l'autonomie étaient perçues comme l'aspect le plus apprécié des personnels, alors que le manque de temps ou de reconnaissance étaient perçus négativement.L'ensemble de ces résultats nous donnent la possibilité de continuer à enrichir ce sujet avec des perspectives d'étendre notre recherche au plan international et de proposer des pistes de réformes de structurations des formations du personnel de recherche clinique.Clinical research is one of the cornerstones of medicine and hospital activity. Its main aim is to evaluate new practices and treatments, and it must meet precise ethical and regulatory requirements, as well as good practice.To meet these requirements, it has become professional over the years. However, few studies have been carried out on the organisation of clinical research and the professions involved. The aim of our work was to study the organisation of clinical research in order to identify any disparities in practice and suggest areas for improvement.Although clinical research activities are carried out in all hospital departments, our work has focused on Intensive care units, where patients with the most serious conditions are treated, and which are likely to be involved in a wide range of research themes.The first part of our work consisted of a scoping review of the literature in order to take stock of the research carried out on the organisation of clinical research professions. The small number of studies identified and the heterogeneity of organisations between countries, and even within the same country, demonstrated the inadequacy of the knowledge available on the subject. The second part of our work - an online survey of professionals involved in clinical research - enabled us to take stock of the clinical research professions in Intensive care units in France. As well as confirming the heterogeneity of staff profiles, particularly in terms of initial training, we showed that multivalence and autonomy were perceived as the aspects most appreciated by the professional, whereas lack of time or recognition were perceived negatively.Taken together, these results give us the opportunity to continue enriching this subject, with the prospect of extending our research internationally and proposing ways of reforming the structure of training for clinical research professional
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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