1,721,034 research outputs found
Introduction
No full textIdentity is about how people define themselves as unique from others, in relation to others, and within the social groups to which they belong. We address different aspects of identity in this book, mainly in non-Western contexts and for non-Western groups. Given that much of the theory around identity is rooted in predominantly Western understanding, conceptualization, and lines of inquiry, this book aims to bridge Western and non-Western perspectives and models of identity. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the chapters of this book, which are presented in three parts: (1) identity in underrepresented world regions and contexts, (2) identity of specific non-Western groups, Non-Western groups, and (3) identity perspectives important in non-Western contexts. The chapters in this book provide novel and invaluable insights for enriching our understanding of identity and how it is understood and studied. Thus, this book suggests how identity scholars might extend identity theory to be more inclusive of perspectives from different parts of the world
Introduction to methods and assessment in culture and psychology
No full textWhile developments in research on culture in psychology have come a long way in the last decades, they have only slowly found their way into the mainstream areas of psychology and have not yet been comprehensively adopted. Increasingly, incoming editors of peer-reviewed journals call for culturally informed samples and research questions (e.g., see the editorials of JPSP by Cooper, 2016; Kawakami, 2015; Kitayama, 2017, as prominent examples). The continuing absence of culture is often due to the (tacit) general belief that psychological processes transcend cultural populations and that the inclusion of culture would “muddy the waters.” However, looking back at psychological research, there are numerous examples where hostile, erroneous, yet far-reaching generalizations were made about differences between cultural groups. For instance, Western conceptualizations of intelligence are focused on academic, scholastic intelligence
Identity in Remote Acculturation: Developments in Research and Methodology
No full textRemote acculturation advocates for acculturative processes people may be engaged in without making first-hand, continuous contact with others from different cultural groups. It creates new opportunities for people to negotiate their identities. Due to globalization and the related increase in multiculturalism in societies, the cultural context in which people find themselves provides different options about which identity-related aspects they may consider important when defining themselves. In this chapter, we examine tridimensional identity (accounting for personal, relational, social identities) in relation to remote acculturation. We start by evaluating the long-standing relationship between identity and acculturation. We then define remote acculturation as an extension of traditional (proximal) acculturation, and review quantitative and qualitative research methodologies to examine the role of identity within remote acculturative studies. The chapter closes with recommendations to enhance our understanding of the relationship between identity and remote acculturation
Acculturation and Diversity Management at Work: The Case of Multicultural South Africa
No full textGlobally, organizations are becoming increasingly more diverse. In Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) contexts, this is often the consequence of globalization and increased migration. For plural, non-WEIRD contexts such as South Africa, this is different. In South African organizations, diversity is a consequence of labor legislation that advances “Brown” (i.e., Black African, Coloured [mixed race], and Indian) people, who were disadvantaged during apartheid, in the employment market. This chapter presents the Dual Process Model of Diversity (DPMD) as a means for understanding pathways towards positive diversity management. The DPMD combines an acculturation framework (Berry, 1997) with a dual-process model of occupational health (Bakker & Demerouti, 2007) and makes a distinction between positive (enhancing) and negative (encumbering) factors influencing the pathways (cf. Ely & Thomas, 2001). We argue that organizations should consider their institutional role (e.g., organizational norms, culture, policies, and practices) to promote the integration of employees.Keywords: acculturation, dual process model of diversity, multiculturalism, segregation, organizations, South Afric
Perspectives on Personal Identity Development in Western and Non-Western Contexts
Get PDFOverviews on research on personal identity tend to be overly focused on research in North America and West Europe. In this chapter, we argue for a more cosmopolitan approach to identity. We first outline major conceptualizations of identity and etic (cross-cultural) applications of these models outside of the Western world. Next, we discuss specific examples from non-Western countries of emic (culture-specific) approaches to personal identity. Based on our overview, we recommend moving toward integrative models of personal identity that are relevant to multiple contexts, more critical reflection on the appropriateness of popular models developed in the Western world for studying identity around the world, and more attention to social-contextual processes in personal identity formation. We argue for more cooperation between researchers from the Western and non-Western worlds in designing new, flexible, universal frameworks that allow for the incorporation of culture-specific aspects of this complex developmental task
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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