297 research outputs found
Auton polttoainetaloudellisuuden parantaminen
No full textOpinnäytetyön tavoite oli etsiä tietoa auton polttoainetaloudellisuutta parantavista muutoksista ja siitä, mistä tekijöistä polttoaineenkulutus koostuu. Samalla tutkittiin näitä muutoksia ja niiden vaikutusta polttoaineenkulutukseen. Työhön kuuluu myös oman auton rakentaminen. Aiheen valinta perustuu kirjoittajan omaan aiempaan kokemukseen auton polttoainetta säästävistä muokkauksista sekä kiinnostuksesta taloudellista ajotapaa kohtaan. Työllä ei ole ulkopuolista toimeksiantajaa.
Työ tutkii erikseen aerodynaamisia muutoksia, moottorin muutoksia ja muita mekaanisia muutoksia sekä ajotavan vaikutusta. Saavutettuja parannuksia tutkittiin fyysisillä mittauksilla, joilla mitattiin joko suoraan polttoaineenkulutuksen pienentymistä tai auton rullaamaa matkaa. Työn aikana saatiin jonkin verran dataa eri muokkausten ja ajotavan vaikutuksesta polttoaineenkulutukseen. Projektiauton kulutus tippui 0.78 litraa sadalla kilometrillä. Ajotavan vaikutusta tutkittiin toisella autolla. Kulutus ajotavan muutoksen jälkeen tippui 3.5 litraa sadalla kilometrillä.The goal of this final year project was to find information about modifications that improve car fuel economy and factors affecting fuel consumption, and also to test these modifications and find out how they affect fuel consumption. The author also wanted to build a car of his own. The project was chosen because the author had previous experience of improving car fuel economy and driving economically. The project did not have an external client.
The thesis examines aerodynamic modifications, engine modifications, other mechanical modifications and the effect of driving behavior. The achieved improvements were examined by physical measurements, which measured either the decreasing of fuel consumption directly or the distance the car was coasting. Some data on the effect of different modifications and driving behavior on fuel consumption was obtained during this project. Fuel consumption of the project car decreased by 0.78 liters per one hundred kilometers. The effect of driving behavior was tested on another car. Fuel consumption after the change in driving behavior decreased by 3.5 liters per one hundred kilometers
Author Correction: A genome-wide association study with 1,126,563 individuals identifies new risk loci for Alzheimer’s disease
No full textIn the version of this Article initially published, the author list and affiliations were incomplete. Karl Heilbron and Adam Auton, both with 23andMe, Inc., have been added to the author list. Further, the location for the 23andMe Research Team, now reading “Sunnyvale, CA” initially appeared as Mountain View, CA. The changes have been made to the online version of the paper. *A list of authors and their affiliations appears online.</p
Author Correction: A genome-wide association study with 1,126,563 individuals identifies new risk loci for Alzheimer’s disease
No full textIn the version of this Article initially published, the author list and affiliations were incomplete. Karl Heilbron and Adam Auton, both with 23andMe, Inc., have been added to the author list. Further, the location for the 23andMe Research Team, now reading “Sunnyvale, CA” initially appeared as Mountain View, CA. The changes have been made to the online version of the paper. *A list of authors and their affiliations appears online
Author Correction: A genome-wide association study with 1,126,563 individuals identifies new risk loci for Alzheimer’s disease (Nature Genetics, (2021), 53, 9, (1276-1282), 10.1038/s41588-021-00921-z)
No full textIn the version of this Article initially published, the author list and affiliations were incomplete. Karl Heilbron and Adam Auton, both with 23andMe, Inc., have been added to the author list. Further, the location for the 23andMe Research Team, now reading “Sunnyvale, CA” initially appeared as Mountain View, CA. The changes have been made to the online version of the paper. *A list of authors and their affiliations appears online
Kilpa-auton iskunvaimentimen rakenne ja toiminta
No full textTyön tarkoituksena on selvittää kilpa-autokäyttöön tarkoitettujen iskunvaimentimien rakenne, toimintaperiaate ja säätäminen. Työssä asiaa tarkastellaan harrastetason kilpa-autoilijan näkökulmasta, jolloin käytössä ei yleensä ole tiedonkeruujärjestelmiä, ajodynamiikkasimulointeja, iskunvaimennindynamometrejä, rengasdataa tai muita edistyneitä tekniikoita.
Ajatus työn aiheesta syntyi kirjoittajan huomattua monella kilpa-autoilun harrastajalla olevan kilpa-autossaan monisäätöiset iskunvaimentimet, mutta tieto niiden toiminnasta ja säätöjen vaikutuksista on usein puutteellista. Myös suomenkielistä materiaalia aiheesta on saatavilla huonosti. Työssä käsitellään pyöräntuennan geometriaa, tehonsiirtolaitteita ja renkaan toimintaa ainoastaan välttämättömin osin, sillä näistä on hyvin saatavissa suomenkielistäkin materiaalia.
Lopputuloksena syntyi tiivis yhteenveto, jonka sisältö auttaa kilpailijaa ymmärtämään kilpa-auton iskunvaimentimien toimintaa, jotta luodaan paremmat edellytykset kilpa-auton alustan kehittämiseen.This thesis is made to clarify the design, operation and adjustment of shock absorbers made for the race cars. The theme is studied from an amateur race car driver's point of view, in which case datalogging, vehicle dynamics simulations, shock absorber dynamometers, tire data and other advanced techniques usually are not available.
The idea for the topic rose for the author when he noticed that many amateur race car drivers had the shock absorbers equipped with multiple adjusters, but at the same time the knowledge regarding the shock absorber operation and effects of the adjustments is often lacking. The amount of the material covering the subject in Finnish is also minor. The thesis handles the suspension geometry, powertrain and tire operation to the minimum necessary extent, since the material concerning these is readily available in Finnish.
The final result was a concise summary which will help the competitor to understand the race car shock absorber operation, in order to create better capabilities to improve the race car suspension
Health Care and Human Rights after Auton and Chaoulli
No full textThe judicial interpretation of the entitlement to health care under the Charter and human rights legislation has tended to swing between interventionist and non-interventionist poles. In Eldridge, the Supreme Court of Canada held that a failure to provide sign language interpretation where this was necessary to ensure equal access to health care was in breach of the equality provisions of the Charter. However, in a subsequent case, Auton, the Court narrowly circumscribed the limits of this approach, holding that the Canadian system of public health care was, by its very terms, a partial health plan. It followed that exclusion of particular non-core services could not, in itself, be seen as less favourable treatment.The Chaoulli decision marked a return to a more interventionist approach with the Court holding (by a narrow majority) that the prohibition on private health insurance provided for in Quebec law was inconsistent with section 1 of the Quebec Charter. This judgment has been cited in over eighty decisions of courts and tribunals. However, just how important has Chaoulli been in terms of the overall approach of the Canadian courts?The author suggests that Chaoulli—despite its significance in the legislative arena—has had a somewhat limited impact to date on the case law concerning health care, and that Auton has clearly had a greater impact to date. The author examines several examples from subsequent case law that point to the weakness of the approaches taken in both Auton and Chaoulli. The narrow approach adopted in Auton can lead to equality claims being dismissed without any proper discrimination analysis and shows the manner in which a broad use of the “benefit provided by law” requirement may weaken equality jurisprudence. Conversely, the case law highlights the fact that the courts will have to reject much more difficult claims than those upheld in Chaoulli unless they wish to develop positive obligations under section 7 of the Charter.L’interprétation judiciaire du droit à des soins de santé en vertu de la Charte et des instruments législatifs protégeant les droits de la personne a tendance à osciller entre les pôles interventionniste et non interventionniste. Dans Eldridge, la Cour suprême du Canada a statué que l’omission de fournir une interprétation en langage des signes lorsque nécessaire pour assurer un accès égal aux soins de santé constituait une violation des dispositions de la Charte protégeant le droit à l’égalité. Toutefois, dans une affaire subséquente, Auton, la Cour a étroitement circonscrit les limites de cette approche, en affirmant que le régime public de soins de santé canadien est foncièrement un régime partiel. Conséquemment, l’exclusion de services particuliers non essentiels ne peut, en elle-même, correspondre à un traitement moins favorable.L’affaire Chaoulli marque un retour à une approche plus interventionniste. La Cour y affirme par une courte majorité que la prohibition de souscription à une assurance privée de soins de santé dans la loi québécoise n’est pas compatible avec l’article premier de la Charte québécoise. Ce jugement a par la suite été cité dans plus de quatre-vingts décisions de cours et de tribunaux. Toutefois, quelle est réellement l’importance de Chaoulli en ce qui concerne l’approche globale des cours canadiennes ?L’auteur suggère que Chaoulli, malgré son importance dans la sphère législative, a jusqu’à présent eu une influence relativement limitée dans la jurisprudence concernant les soins de santé. Auton demeure clairement à ce jour une décision beaucoup plus influente. L’auteur examine plusieurs exemples de la jurisprudence subséquente qui éclairent la faiblesse des approches respectives retenues dans Auton et dans Chaoulli. D’un côté, l’approche étroite adoptée dans Auton peut mener au rejet de demandes de protection du droit à l’égalité sans véritable analyse de la discrimination alléguée, ce qui montre que l’interprétation large exigeant qu’un «avantage prévu par la loi» existe peut affaiblir la jurisprudence sur le droit à l’égalité. D’un autre côté, la jurisprudence souligne que les cours devront rejeter des demandes beaucoup plus exigeantes que celles acceptées dans Chaoulli, à moins qu’elles ne souhaitent développer des obligations positives en vertu de l’article 7 de la Charte
Improving Performance in Combinatorial Optimisation Using Averaging and Clustering
No full textIn a recent paper an algorithm for solving MAX-SAT was proposed which worked by clustering good solutions and restarting the search from the closest feasible solutions. This was shown to be an extremely effective search strategy, substantially out-performing traditional optimisation techniques. In this paper we extend those ideas to a second classic NP-Hard problem, namely Vertex Cover. Again the algorithm appears to provide an advantage over more established search algorithms, although it shows different characteristics to MAX-SAT. We argue this is due to the different large-scale landscape structure of the two problems
The estimation of recombination rates from population genetic data
No full textGenetic recombination is an important process that generates new combinations of genes on which natural selection can operate. As such, an understanding of recombination in the human genome will provide insight into the evolutionary processes that have shaped our genetic history. The aim of this thesis is to use samples of population genetic data to explore the patterns of variation in the rate of recombination in the human genome. To do this I introduce a novel means of estimating recombination rates from population genetic data. The new, computationally efficient method incorporates a model of recombination hotspots that was absent in existing methods.I use samples from the International HapMap Project to obtain recombination rate estimates for the autosomal portion of the genome. Using these estimates, I demonstrate that recombination has a number of interesting relationships with other genome features such as genes, DNA repeats, and sequence motifs. Furthermore, I show that genes of differing function have significantly different rates of recombination. I explore the relationship between recombination and specific sequence motifs and argue that while sequence motifs are an important factor in determining the location of recombination hotspots, the factor that controls motif activity is unknown.The observation of many relationships between recombination and other genome features motivates an attempt to quantify the contributions to the recombination rate from specific features. I employ a wavelet analysis to investigate scale-specific patterns of recombination. In doing so, I reveal a number of highly significant correlations between recombination and other features of the genome at both the fine and broad scales, but find that relatively little of the variation in recombination rates can be explained. I conclude with a discussion of the results contained in the body of the thesis, and suggest a number of areas for future research
Communication of adults with moderate in-tellectual disability in the process of auton-omisation – preliminary considerations.
No full textThe aim of this paper is to look into communication in adults with moderate intellectual disability in the process of their autonomisation. This matter has been investigated to shed some light on how people with intellectual disabilities communicate in their social realities in the context of their autonomy and independence. The paper presents a preliminary research using the interpretative paradigm. To deliver the intended goal, the author has used the problem-centered interview.The aim of this paper is to look into communication in adults with moderate intellectual disability in the process of their autonomisation. This matter has been investigated to shed some light on how people with intellectual disabilities communicate in their social realities in the context of their autonomy and independence. The paper presents a preliminary research using the interpretative paradigm. To deliver the intended goal, the author has used the problem-centered interview
Complexity of Max-SAT using stochastic algorithms
No full textHill-climbing has been shown to be more effective than exhaustive search in solving satisfiability problems. Also, it has been used either by itself or in combination with other methods to solve the most difficult region of SAT, the phase transition. We show that hill-climbing also finds SAT problems difficult around the phase transition. It too follows an easy-hard-eays transition
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