1,720,964 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Suportul vital avansat al căilor respiratorii la copii
No full textScopul: Asigurarea definitiva a unei căi aeriene permeabile conform
algoritmului suportului vital avansat pediatric care să permită o ventilație
eficientă la pacienții pediatrici critici
Situații care necesita management avansat al căilor respiratorii: starea
de conştienţă alterată, protecţia căilor aeriene împotriva aspiraţiei sângelui sau a
conţinutului gastric, traumatisme cranio-cerebrale care necesită hiperventilaţie,
pacienţi care necesită sedare sau anestezie în vederea efectuării tomografiei
computerizate sau a unei intervenţii chirurgicale de urgenţă, traumatisme
majore ale peretelui toracic, insuficienţă respiratorie severă de diferite alte
etiologii, necesitatea unei ventilaţii mecanice prelungite.
Principala manoperă prin care se asigură definitiv permeabilizarea şi
menţinerea deschisă a căilor aeriene este intubaţia endotraheală.
Avantajele intubației oro-traheale: protejează căile aeriene împotriva
aspiraţiei, facilitează ventilaţia şi oxigenarea, permite aspiraţia secreţiilor din
căile aeriene inferioare, asigură o cale de administrare a medicamentelor
resuscitării cardio-pulmonare, previne distensia gastrică datorată ventilaţiei pe
mască şi balon, protejează căile aeriene împotriva edemului şi compresiei.
Dezavantaje: necesită instruire specială şi experienţă, poate agrava
obstrucţia aeriană preexistentă (exemplu: epiglotita), poate determina leziuni
locale (dinţi, limbă, palat moale şi dur), potenţial de exacerbare a unei leziuni
de coloană cervicală în caz de traumă.
Indicaţii: stopul cardio-respirator, oxigenare inadecvată (scăderea
presiunii arteriale sau a saturaţiei oxigenului, necorectată de administrarea de
oxigen pe mască, canulă nazală etc.), ventilaţie inadecvată (creşterea presiunii
intraarteriale a CO2), necesitatea de a înlătura secreţiile bronşice (toaleta
bronhiilor), necesitatea de a asigura protecţia şi permeabilitatea căilor aeriene la
un pacient cu stare de conştienţă alterată, care nu-şi poate menţine deschise
căile aeriene.
Contraindicaţii relative: traumatism sever al căilor aeriene (la nivelul
feţei, gâtului) sau obstrucţia căilor aeriene care nu permit pasajul sigur al
tubului endotraheal (în aceste situaţii se indică cricotiroidotomia), suspiciunea de traumatism de coloană cervicală, situaţie în care, datorită necesităţii
imobilizării complete a coloanei, intubaţia este dificilă.
Linii directoare generale pentru IOT: dacă este necesară, trebuie
efectuată cât mai precoce posibil,va fi efectuată de cea mai experimentată
persoană din echipa medicală, dacă nu se reuşeşte intubaţia în cel mult de 30 de
secunde se va întrerupe manevra şi se va ventila pacientul cu mască şi balon, cu
aport de oxigen.
Criterii te intubare endo-traheala corecta: vizualizarea directă a sondei
trecând printre corzile vocale, măsurarea CO2 expirator prin capnometrie (dacă
este disponibilă), auscultaţia zgomotelor respiratorii bilateral, expansionarea
hemitoracelui bilateral şi simetric .
Concluzie:
Însușirea algoritmelor și echipamentelor medicale pentru suport vital
avansat respirator pediatric sporește capacitatea medicilor de a interveni prompt
și eficient în stările de urgență la copii și de asigurare cu succes a
managementului pacientului critic pediatric
Association between gastroesophageal reflux and spirometric finding in children with bronchial asthma
Get PDFDepartment of Pediatrics, Nicolae Testemitanu State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Congresul III al Medicilor de Familie din Republica Moldova, 17–18 mai, 2012, Chişinău, Republica Moldova, Conferinţa Naţională „Maladii bronhoobstructive la copii”, consacrată profesorului universitar, doctor habilitat Victor Gheţeul, 27 aprilie, Chişinău, Republica MoldovaGastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most
common diseases that affects the upper gastrointestinal tract.
GERD includes endoscopically positive, endoscopically negative,
and extraesophageal reflux disease. In the past few years attention
and discussion of the extraesophageal symptoms of GERD has
been growing. One of the most discussed topics is the relation of
GERD to bronchial asthma.
The aim of this study was to assess lung function disorders
using spirometric measurements in a group of children with asthma, with and without gastroesophageal reflux disease.
The study included 114 children with moderate to severe
asthma, aged from 5 to 16 years. The main group entered 58 children with association of asthma with GERD; controls included 56
GERD-free asthmatic children. Asthma diagnosis was established
according to GINA criteria (2010) and GERD was diagnosed on
the basis of ESPGHAN (2009) recommendations.
Analysis of the mean forced expiratory volume (FVC) values
showed restrictive characteristics of changes in lung functioning. Thus, FVC values in the first group were reduced down to
64,03±2,42% in children with moderate asthma and 64,6±3,42%
in those with severe progression of the disease, compared with
the same subgroups with GERD (69,12±2,49% and 71,93±2,56%,
respectively, p>0,05). According to the European Respiratory
Society’s standards, obstructive type changes include following
spirometric criteria: a decrease in dynamic lung function variables
that characterize the “airflow-volume” relationship (FVC, FEV1,
PEF and MEF25-75). Our study results showed lower levels of
FEV1 in children with asthma and GERD (61,74±2,58% in moderate asthma and 61,05±3,84% in severe asthma), compared
with GERD-free cases (72,35±2,13% and 73,8±2,53%, respectively; p<0,01). Peak expiratory flow (PEF) showed significantly
different severe obstructive changes between the studied groups:
46,55±2,53% in moderate asthma+GERD and 45,45±2,93%
severe asthma+GERD vs 56,0±3,26% in moderate asthma and
55,1±2,98% in severe asthma, respectively (p<0,05). MEF25-75
levels were significantly lower in the asthma+GERD group, in
comparison with asthma cases: 58,26±3,84% and 56,8±4,94% vs
71±3,42% and 73,47±3,64%, respectively (p<0,05). Noticeably,
significantly more obstructive changes were expressed in distal
airways, and lung functioning variables were observed in the
same subgroups of children: 56,68±2,95% and 59,2±4,9% vs
67,65±3,16% (p0,05), respectively
for MEF75 levels; 59,9±3,98% and 54,85±5,16% vs 75,76±3,55%
and 72,5±3,72% (p<0,01) for MEF50 levels; 68,81±5,64% and
65,25±6,9% vs 87,94±6,16% and 84,03±4,58% (p<0,05) for MEF25.
Analysis of the spirometric variables indicated more severe
obstructive changes in the lung functioning in children with
the association of asthma and GERD, showed by lower values
of FEV1, PEF, MEF25-75, MEF75 and MEF25, when compared
with asthmatic children who are GERD-free. The obtained results
demonstrate the relationship between the reflux disease and
bronchial asthma
Особенности дыхательной симптоматики и вариабельность внепищеводных проявлений у детей, страдающих гастроэзофагеальной рефлюксной болезнью, ассоциированной с бронхиальной астмой
Get PDFUSMF “Nicolae Testemiţanu”, Departamentul Pediatrie, IMSP Institutul Mamei şi CopiluluiBackground. The association of pediatric asthma with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is reported to
have the incidence of 7-65% of asthma cases. There have been published more then 300 studies aiming to reveal the role
of the gastroesophageal reflux on asthma phenotypes, but the pathogenesis of this comorbidity remains controversial.
Aim. To reveal peculiarities and variability of respiratory symptoms and extradigestive manifestations of GERD in
asthmatic children in order to identify clinical and evolutionary aspects specific to this association.
Materials and methods. The study included a group of 206 children with mild, moderate and severe persistent asthma: 103 children with asthma associated with GERD constituted the study group and 103 children with solitary asthma
as controls. Average age of the children was 11.45±0.22 years (p>0.05 for groups difference). Asthma was diagnosed
according to GINA-2009 criteria and GERD according to ESPGHAN criteria (2009).
Results. The study results showed a higher incidence of wheezing and persistent cough mainly nocturnal. Incidence of wheezing in children aged 7-11 years was 20%, in children of 12-15 years-32.5%, in children of 15-17
years - 47.5%. In the studied group was established a moderate positive correlation between the presence of nocturnal wheezing and age of children (r=0.34; p<0.001). Similar trend was revealed for the presence of nocturnal
dry cough (r=0.31; p<0.001). Children with asthma associated to GERD more frequently were diagnosed with ENT
disorders such as chronic pharyngitis, tonsillitis, sinus recurrent adenoids, with an average of 3.85±0.17 symptom
associations as compared with controls (2.7±0.11; p<0.001). In the same time every 3rd child from the basic group
manifested on average 5.41±0.31 symptom associations.
Conclusions. The study results demonstrated that patients with asthma associated to GERD have predominantly
nocturnal wheezing and dry cough that correlate with children’s age. Children with GERD and persistent asthma are
more frequently diagnosed with extradigestive (ENT) symptoms, comparing with children with solitary asthma.Введение. Сочетание гастроэзофагеальной рефлюксной болезни (ГЭРБ) и бронхиальной астмы у детей
встречается в 7-65% случаев. До настоящего времени было опубликовано более 300 исследований относительно сочетания гастроэзофагеального рефлюкса с бронхиальной астмой, в которых доказана роль гастроэзофагеального рефлюкса в патогенезе некоторых фенотипических вариантов бронхиальной астмы, однако
вопросы причинно-следственной связи данного взаимодействия остаются спорными.
Цель. Исследование особенностей респираторной симптоматики и вариабельность внепищеводных проявлений ГЭРБ у детей с бронхиальной астмойс целью определения клинических и эволюционных аспектов,
характерных для данного взаимодействия.
Материалы и методы. В исследовании были включены 206 детей, страдающих легкой, среднетяжелой и
тяжелой формой бронхиальной астмы (основная группа – 103 ребенка с ГЭРБ, ассоциированной с бронхиальной астмой, и контрольная группа – 103 ребенка с бронхиальной астмой безрефлюкса). Средний возраст детей
составил 11, 45±0,22 лет (p>0,05 между группами). Диагноз бронхиальной астмы был установлен согласно
критериям GINA-2009, а ГЭРБ – согласно критеряим ESPGHAN (2009).
Результаты. В ходе исследования был выявлен частный аспект респираторной симптоматики у детей с
бронхиальной астмой ассоциированной с ГЭРБ, который проявлялся выраженной ночной одышкойи мучительным сухим кашлем. Частота ночной одышки у этой группы детей составляла 20% у детей в возрасте 7-11
лет, 32,5% – у детей 12-15 лет 47,5% – у детей 15-17 лет. В основной группе была установлена положительная корреляционная связь средней интенсивности между наличием ночной одышкии возрастом детей rxy=0,34
(p<0,001). Та же возрастная закономерность наблюдалась и в случае сухого ночного кашля у детей основной
группы, где была обнаружена положительная корреляция средней интенсивности rxy =0, 31 (p<0, 001). У детей, страдающих ГЭРБ, сопутствующей бронхиальной астме, чаще встречаются заболевания ЛОР органов:
хронический фарингит, ангины, рецидивирующие синуситы, аденоидные разрастания со средним уровнем сочетаний 3, 85±0,17, в то время как в контрольной группе мы наблюдали 2,7±0,11 (p<0, 001) случаев сочетания, в
то же время, у каждого третьего ребенка основной группы данное значение достигало 5,41±0,31 сочетаний.
Выводы. Было установлено, что в группе детей с бронхиальной астмой, сочетающейся с ГЭРБ, ночная
одышкаи сухой ночной кашель более выраженны, данный феномен имеет прямую корреляцию с возрастом
детей. Дети, страдающие ГЭРБ сопутствующей бронхиальной астме, чаще болеют ЛОР-заболеваниями по
сравнению с детьми, страдающими только бронхиальной астмой
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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