549 research outputs found
La focalisation en sharwa (langue tchadique)
No full textRésumé : Ce travail se donne pour objet l’analyse de la focalisation en sharwa. Il s’inscrit dans le domaine de la grammaire générative. Deux théories servent d’outils d’analyse : l’Antisymétrie de R. S. Kayne (1994) et le SC-éclaté de L. Rizzi (1997). La question centrale concerne la structure et la dérivation du Syntagme du Focus. À l’issue de l’analyse, on retient que la focalisation de l’argument sujet se réalise sans marqueur de focus alors que les constituants assurant d’autres fonctions sont focalisés à l’aide des marqueurs du focus mǝ, gǝ et dǝ. Ces derniers sont générés à la tête du Syntagme du Focus pendant que le constituant focalisé atterrit au Spécifieur du Syntagme du Focus. Le syntagme du Focus est une projection inférieure au Syntagme de la Force. Ce sont les traits Foc et PPE qui déclenchent le mouvement du constituant focalisé pour une vérification. Ainsi, le constituant focalisé est interprété comme le focus et le complément du SFoc comme une présupposition.
Mots-clés : focalisation, sharwa, Antisymétrie, SC-éclaté, Syntagme du Focus
Le travail informel : retour sur une notion floue. Remarques à partir du cas des entreprises françaises délocalisées au Maroc
No full textBased on the critical literature as well as on observations collected by the author for the preparation of his Ph. D. thesis, the article addresses the definition and the characterization of the main types of informal employment, the status of work in Morocco, and examines in more detail some atypical forms of work and employment which are related to the operation of French enterprises located in this country (the “ chaouch”, the maid, the …).L’article interroge la définition et les formes du travail informel dans le contexte sociétal marocain à partir de la littérature critique et des observations recueillies dans le cadre d’une thèse de doctorat en Sociologie. A la lumière des données collectées, on développe quelques remarques sur le statut du travail dans la société marocaine et on examine de façon plus précise la problématique du maintien de certaines figures atypiques en relation avec les entreprises françaises délocalisées au Maroc («chaouch » , bonne, porteur).Labari Brahim. Le travail informel : retour sur une notion floue. Remarques à partir du cas des entreprises françaises délocalisées au Maroc. In: Cahiers de sociologie économique et culturelle, n°41-42, 2004. pp. 71-93
Isotomurus maculatus
No full text50. Isotomurus maculatus (Schäffer, 1896) (Fig. 10) Citation from Edough: Hamra-Kroua (2016: 86); Zoughailech (2017: 137). Not cited from Algeria outside Edough. Distribution: Distribution unclear, requires revision (Fjellberg 2007). The color pattern is slightly different from the specimens from Norway figured by this author and from Italy figured by Carapelli et al. (1995).Published as part of Brahim-Bounab, Hayette, Bendjaballah, Mohamed, Hamra-Kroua, Salah, Lachi, Noureddine, Bedos, Anne & Deharveng, Louis, 2020, Checklist of the springtails (Hexapoda: Collembola) of the Edough massif northeastern Algeria, pp. 51-78 in Zootaxa 4853 (1) on page 68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4853.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/441036
Index
No full textA Abdeladim, Hocine Abdel Nasser, Gamal Abidi, Salah Achouri, Mohamed Actis, Paul Actis, Pierre Adam, Louis Agamben, Giorgo Ageron, Charles-Robert Aillane, Belkacem Aït-Rabah, Ahcène Akbache, Amar Aknouche, Brahim Albertini, Louis Alleg, Henri Althusser, Louis Amira, Abdelhamid Amor, Paul Amoura, Lila André, Marc Aragon, Louis Arnaud, Georges Artières, Philippe Astruc, Albert Atouf, Elkbir Attia, Tahar Aubrac, Raymond Audin, Maurice Augay, Josette Autrand (avocat) Auvray, Michel Azario, Julie..
Negation in Musgum
No full textThis paper studies the negation construction in musgum language.We collect the musgum data on negation from native users and analyse them in terms of Kayne’s (1994) antisymmetry and Rizzi’s (1997) split CP approaches. We identify the free negation element (á:à) and several negation markers (kài, kirkài, kài tiŋ and kirkài tiŋ) that close independent and complex clauses. In complex structures with completive and relative clauses, the main clause cannot contain a negation marker. In complex structure with adverbial clause, negation marker can be present in main and adverbial clauses. We discover that Negation Phrase is the highest projection, higher than Force Phrase, rejecting the split‐CP projections order of Rizzi (1997). When the negation head is generated, Inflexion Phrase is subject to heavy pied‐piping. It occupies the specifier of Negation Phrase
Real-Time Fault Detection and Identification for MMC Using 1-D Convolutional Neural Networks
No full textAutomated early detection and identification of switch faults are essential in high-voltage applications. Modular multilevel converter (MMC) is a new and promising topology for such applications. MMC is composed of many identical controlled voltage sources called modules or cells. Each cell may have one or more switches and a switch failure may occur in anyone of these cells. The steady-state normal and fault behavior of a cell voltage will also significantly vary according to the changes in the load current and the fault timing. This makes it a challenging problem to detect and identify such faults as soon as they occur. In this paper, we propose a real-time and highly accurate MMC circuit monitoring system for early fault detection and identification using adaptive one-dimensional convolutional neural networks. The proposed approach is directly applicable to the raw voltage and current data and thus eliminates the need for any feature extraction algorithm, resulting in a highly efficient and reliable system. Simulation results obtained using a four-cell, eight-switch MMC topology demonstrate that the proposed system has a high reliability to avoid any false alarm and achieves a detection probability of 0.989, and average identification probability of 0.997 in less than 100 ms. - 2018 IEEE.Manuscript received October 23, 2017; revised February 11, 2018 and March 27, 2018; accepted April 16, 2018. Date of publication May 3, 2018; date of current version June 28, 2019. This work was supported by the National Priorities Research Program award (NPRP10-1203-160008) from the Qatar National Research Fund, a member of the Qatar Foundation. (Corresponding author: Serkan Kiranyaz.) S. Kiranyaz, A. Gastli, L. Ben-Brahim, and N. Al-Emadi are with the Department of Electrical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar (e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]).Scopu
Sminthurinus signatus
No full textSminthurinus signatus (Krausbauer, 1898) Sminthurus aureus var. signata Krausbauer, 1898: 496. Sminthurinus signatus – Deharveng 1976: 81. NEW DATA. — First record of the species for Algeria. DISTRIBUTION. — Probably Europe (not recognized in Bretfeld 1999). REMARK Very rare in our samples. The literature about this species is confusing. It is listed in Bretfeld (1999), who follows Stach (1956), as a subspecies of Sminthurinus elegans, with Krausbauer, 1902 given as author. In fact, it was described by this last author as Sminthurus aureus var. signata in 1898, and briefly but clearly characterized by its color pattern. It is very characteristic and common in western Europe (Thibaud 2017), and fully deserves a specific status. Family SMINTHURIDAE Börner, 1913 Genus Allacma Börner, 1906Published as part of Bendjaballah, Mohamed, Zoughailech, Abdelmalek, Brahim-Bounab, Hayette, Hamra-Kroua, Salah, Bedos, Anne & Deharveng, Louis, 2018, Annotated checklist of the springtails (Hexapoda: Collembola) of the Collo massif, northeastern Algeria, pp. 389-414 in Zoosystema 40 (16) on page 410, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2018v40a16, http://zenodo.org/record/433596
Questions Formation in Musey
No full textThis article is interested in questions formation in Musey, a chadic language spoken in Chad and Cameroon. It comes within the competence of generative grammar. Kayne’s (1994) Antisymmetry and Rizzi’s (1997, 2001b) Split-CP are used for analyzing the Musey data. Musey is made up of arguments (nge (who) and mege (what)), referential adjuncts (saba (when), aige (where)) and non-referential adjuncts (an mege (how); kai mege (why)). They are focalized à la clause final comp and à la clause initial comp. Since the focus marker ni precedes focused arguments and adjuncts, they are hosted by Spec-FocP. In yes/no questions, the question marker su ends the structures and is hosted by IntP. In embedded questions, the lexical complementizer ana (that) is hosted by ForceP. This study leads to the following projections hierarchy: Int > Cleft > Foc > Force > Agr
Focalization in Musey
No full textIn this paper we tackle the focalization in musey language We analyze musey data in terms of Kayne s 1994 Antisymmetry We uncover two focusing strategies la clause final comp and clause initial comp the one sets the focused constituent at the end of the clause and the other moves the focused constituent to the beginning of the clause In the focalization la clause final comp we observe two movements The first moves the focused constituent from its initial position to the Specifier of the Focus Phrase The second brings the rest of the clause to the Specifier of the Cleft Phrase As regards the focalization la clause initial comp we observe one movement which goes from the initial position of focused constituent to the Specifier of the Focus Phras
Noun Phrase Constructions in Musgum (Chadic Language)
No full textThis paper tackles the Noun Phrase constructions in Musgum, a Chadic language spoken in Cameroon and Chad. It is particular to the generative grammar developed since the fifties by Chomsky. We question the structure of the Noun Phrase. At the end of the analysis, we found that the Noun Phrase can be made up of a noun, a possessive pronoun, a demonstrative pronoun, an indefinite pronoun and numerals. We brought out several Noun Phrase structures: single Noun; Noun and possessive determiner; Noun and demonstrative determiner; Noun, Possessive marker and Noun; Noun, nà (connective) and Noun. Noun Phrase (NP) can be considered as Determiner Phrase (DP). The determiner follows the noun. But in the underlying structure, it occupies a higher position: Spec-DP
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