206 research outputs found
Sources of Public Finance in an Islamic Economy
No full textSince interest is prohibited in Islam, the government in an Islamic economy cannot issue interest based T-Bills, T-Bonds and/or obtain interest based sovereign debt. Based on the literature review, it is argued that neither Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) nor the pious Caliphates (rta) levied any taxes other than Zakah. Accordingly, this study explores the sources of revenue for a government in an Islamic economy. In discussing sources of tax revenue, it is maintained that Zakah is the only tax the government in an Islamic economy can levy. Nevertheless, the government can charge service/performance based fees, duties, charges etc in providing public goods. Furthermore, the profitable operations of state owned enterprises form an important part of non-tax revenues. It is also analyzed that how the non-profitable public institutions like police and courts will be funded. This study also discusses that how the government can finance its deficit keeping in view that interest is prohibited in Islam and Zakah rates are very low and Zakah base is very narrow as per common understanding. The study also gives brief insights into how much Zakah can be collected in Pakistan. Finally, it suggests that the nominal GDP growth linked rate of return can be used to benchmark domestic and external loans including those from IMF, WB and IDA etc.Public Finance, Taxation, Expenditure, Fiscsl Policy, Deficit Financing, Zakat, Redistribution.
Interview with Abd al-Azim Ramadan
No full textهذة المقابة مع الكاتب المؤرخ عبد العظيم رمضان، يتحدث عن التاريخ، الفرق بين التاريخ المعاصر عن الأنواع الأخرى. أجرت المقابلة درية شرف الدينIn this interview, Egyptian historian author Abd al-Azim Ramadan speaks about modern history and its types. The interview was conducted by Dorreya Sharaf al-Din
Book review: the reflective teacher - case studies of action research
No full textThe author, Neeraja Raghavan, has for several years now pursued her passion for education and has done extensive work in teaching children and in teacher education. In this, her latest, book, she has systematically captured all the experiences and learnings that emerged during the five months (August-December 2013) of action research taken up by eight teachers and the Principal of Azim Premji School in Dineshpur, Uttarakhand. As principal investigator, she anchored this action research project, which was facilitated by members from Azim Premji Foundation
Contract Teachers in India: Recent trends and current status
No full textThis study is conducted by ERU Consultants Private Limited, New Delhi with support from Azim Premji University. The analysis and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and may not represent the view of the Azim Premji University. This publication may be reproduced by any method without fee for teaching or nonprofit purposes. The publication shall not be used for commercial purposes. Rights are reserved under Creative Common Licence. Any derivative works shall also be protected under the same license. Rights are reserved under Creative Common Licence: Attribution + Non-Commercial + Share Alike. For copying in any other circumstances, or for re-use in other publications, or for translation or adaptation, prior written permission must be obtained from the publisher
Interference of aquatic plants associated with wild rice (Zizania palustril L.)
No full textThe objective of this thesis was to determine the interference
potential of aquatic plants to wild rice (Zizania palustris L. )
through field and laboratory studies. Three companion papers
describe the influence of aquatic plants on growth of wild rice;
the allelopathic potential of aquatic plants and the isolation and
identification of allelochemicals from two selected plants.
The growth of wild rice in the presence cind in the absence of
different plemt species, namely Eleocbaris smallii, Scirpus acutus,
Equisetum fluviatile, Nymphaea odorata, Nupheur variegatum,
Sparganium fluctuans, ttyriophyllum verticillatum and Potamogeton
natans was studied. Number of wild rice plants and their growth
decreased in the presence of different plant species. Environmental
factors had no influence on the growth of wild rice, either in the
presence or absence of different species. It is suggested that the
adverse effects of different species on wild rice may be due to
either their early growth habit, shading the wild rice plant, or to
their allelopathic effects.
The allelopathic potential of the above mentioned plant
species was examined using lettuce and wild rice seedling
bioassays. The root length of lettuce and the total root length of
wild rice seedlings were significantly reduced by aqueous extracts
of these plant species. The lettuce seedling bioassay was more
responsive than that of wild rice. Shoot growth was less affected.
Bioassay with an aqueous extract of lake sediments associated with
these species had little inhibitory effect on growth of wild rice
seedling. The use of teurget species as a bioassay material and
further studies on phytotoxic effect of lake sediments have been
emphasized for evaluating their ecological significemce.
The phytotoxic compounds from water extracts of the rhizome
of Scirpus acutus and the shoot of Eleocbaris smallii were isolated
by ethyl acetate extraction emd identified by GC-Mass spectroscopy.
The ethyl acetate organic fraction of water extract of Scirpus
rhizomes contained lactic, succinic, fumaric, 2-hydroxy succinic,
2-phenyl lactic, m-hydroxy benzoic, p-hydroxy benzoic,
protocatechuic, dehydroêüaietic and ferulic acids; p-hydroxy benzyl
alcohol, p-hydroxy phenyl ethanol and a dye, catechin. The organic
fraction of the extract of Eleocbaris shoots contained 4-methoxy
phenol, benzofuran, benzene acetic acid, l-hydroxy-5-methyl
acetophenone and 1,3,4-dimethoxy phenyl ethanone. The growth
inhibiting properties of some of these compounds under field
conditions are discussed
Proposal for a New Economic Framework Based On Islamic Principles
No full textThis book provides a holistic socio-economic framework working in conformity with the Islamic principles. Chapter 2 builds the ground for the proposed framework by discussing the foundations of the ethical precepts of Islam. It discusses the thesis of religion, answers some of the questions in the comparative study of religion and tries to resolve few of the misconceptions about the faith of Islam. Chapter 3 outlines the economic teachings of Islam with regard to earning and spending. It discusses at length the ideals Islam set before its adherents in the ethical sphere of life. The ethical principles are discussed based on the study of relevant Quranic text and the narrations of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). Chapter 4 studies the comparative economic systems. It analyzes Capitalism, Socialism, Mixed Economy and Islamic economic system. Chapter 5 introduces the salient features of the proposed economic framework with special focus on fiscal reforms. It discusses the potential of the institution of Zakat to meet fiscal needs of the government and to assist it in doing away with deficit financing, fiscal bleeding, crowding out private sector and reducing deadweight loss by parting the way with private sector so as to ensure market economy operating on its own as far as possible and playing an active regulatory role. Chapter 6 introduces the monetary reforms. It discusses how savings would feature despite discontinuation of interest, how inflation will be checked with central banks not having at their disposal conventional OMO, how liquidity will be managed in banking sector when a central bank wants to inject liquidity or mop up funds. How and to what extent the institution of Zakat would enable the government to meet its fiscal targets and does not crowd out private sector with public borrowing. How balance of payments and exchange rate stability can be managed in an interest free economy. If in the short term, the government or central bank needs alternative source of revenue other than Zakat, they can issue GDP linked bonds. This could replace T-bill and provide a base instrument for OMO and liquidity management in the banking and financial sector. Chapter 7 introduces the currently practiced Islamic Banking and Finance. Since Islamic economic principles have more prominently been used in banking and finance, much of the discussion centers on Islamic banking and finance in lieu of analyzing the existing practices and then in the next chapter, preferable alternatives in areas where shortcoming is observed and need for improvement is felt are suggested. Chapter 8 discusses the financial system in the proposed framework with the role of institutions and the discussion on comprehensive need fulfillment mechanisms to serve every major need of a sophisticated contemporary financial system. Some important novel changes are recommended, such as introduction of options in mortgage financing, which will allow the bank to separate the tenancy and sale contract in a distinctive way. This will still ensure that it locks the sale with the borrower or with the third party without making both contracts dependent on each other. It will benefit the bank as well as the borrower, who will have an option but not an obligation to buy the asset at maturity. The modified role of bank entering in a Mudarabah contract as a “Rabb-ul-maal” (investor) will ensure that the bank takes on operational risk. It will enable the resources to go into productive avenues rather than in financial instruments. This modification will generate employment and productive activities in the economy in a more direct manner. The division of Mudarabah corporate and Mudarabah consumer will target two very distinct markets and will result in channeling of funds from saving surplus units to saving-deficient units. Reforms in equity markets and alternatives for insurance are also suggested. Chapter 9 introduces feasibility and structure of Micro credit as an alternative for interest based micro finance. It discusses how the potential obstacles in the form of lack of trust, funding commitment, lack of collateral arrangement, lack of documentation etc would be handled.Interest Free Economy, Islamic Economy, Islamic Economic System, Islamic Monetary Policy, Islamic Fiscal Policy, Interest, Zakat, Riba, Usury, Development, Redistribution, Economic Systems, Financial System, Financial Intermediation, Saving, Investment.
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History of Islamic economic thought ::contributions of Muslim scholars to economic thought and analysis /
No full textThis unique book highlights the contributions made by Muslim scholars to economic thought throughout history, a topic that has received relatively little attention in mainstream economics. Abdul Azim Islahi discusses various ways in which Muslim ideas reached the European West, influencing scholars and helping to form the foundations of modern economic ideas and theories. Early chapters outline the foundations of Islamic economic thought and describe three distinct phases of its development over time. The author then identifies key theories and tenets of modern economics - including value; market and pricing; production and distribution; money and interest; and the economic role of the state - and explores the influence of Muslim scholarly thought on each. The concluding chapter highlights the importance of further exploration of the topic and offers insightful recommendations for future research. This fascinating book will be of great interest to students and scholars of both the history of economic thought and Islamic economics
History of Islamic economic thought ::contributions of Muslim scholars to economic thought and analysis /
No full textThis unique book highlights the contributions made by Muslim scholars to economic thought throughout history, a topic that has received relatively little attention in mainstream economics. Abdul Azim Islahi discusses various ways in which Muslim ideas reached the European West, influencing scholars and helping to form the foundations of modern economic ideas and theories. Early chapters outline the foundations of Islamic economic thought and describe three distinct phases of its development over time. The author then identifies key theories and tenets of modern economics - including value; market and pricing; production and distribution; money and interest; and the economic role of the state - and explores the influence of Muslim scholarly thought on each. The concluding chapter highlights the importance of further exploration of the topic and offers insightful recommendations for future research. This fascinating book will be of great interest to students and scholars of both the history of economic thought and Islamic economics
Anno's magic seeds: A review of the story from the perspective of use in the mathematics classroom
No full textAnno's Magic Seeds is a children's story book written in 1992 by Mitsumasa Anno (1926-2020), a mathematics teacher and famous children's book author and illustrator from Japan. He was a trained primary school teacher and a self-taught artist who illustrated more than 300 children’s books. His training and keen interest in Mathematics reflects both in the narrative as well the illustrations of the story Anno's Magic seeds. It makes reading this story a fascinating mathematical experience and engagement (for both children and adults)
A study of parking problems in Muar town. Case study: street on Muar town (Jalan Salleh) / Abdul Azim Abdul Malek
No full textParking facility can be considered as part of planning requirement that can affect development scheme as a whole. The increases of population, paralel with the increasing of road users lead to parking concerns, especialy in Muar Johor. Insuffiecient car park and congested traffic occured in that area, and the study keen to conduct a research to identify the factors that contribute to the problem. The scope of parking problem is narrowed to Jalan Salleh as the main road in Muar town. The author will investigate the parking management system at Muar town from planning, organising and controlling point of view. The demand for property in Muar is increasing, but with problems of lack of parking space and congested area can change property buyers decision. There are several factors that contribute to parking problem in Muar area, and public behavior and the poor management at Majlis Perbandaran Muar are two major concerns that the study will focus on. Based on structured interviews, survey and observation, it is hope that this study can come out with a good solution to help fix the situation before it become worst in the future
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