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Motivasi Rumus Salin dalam Penjanaan Ayat Tanya Bahasa Melayu dalam Program Minimalis
No full textPrevious theories prior to the Minimalist Program, such as the Government Binding Theory (Chomsky, 1981) and Principles and Parameters, the variation of sentence structures are explicated via the rule move-α, whereby it moves any constituents to any position in a sentence and leaves behind a trace (t) in its antecedent/operator-trace chain. Within the Minimalist Program approach, which was eclectically derived from the ideas in Chomsky (1995), Marantz (1995) and Radford (2009), the rule move-α has been dropped. Sentence generation and sentence varieties are generated via copying rules instead. This study analyses the motivations that support copying rules in the generation of wh-questions and yes-no questions. This study employs the qualitative method and the data for this study was collected through native speakers' introspection. Subsequently, the data were referred to two informants who are native speakers of standard Malay to determine their grammaticality. This study finds that feature [+/-wh] and the edge feature; namely [+comp], [+/-wh], [+/-focus],] and [+/-in situ] are features that motivated or were barriersto the generation of wh- and yes-no questions and their varieties in the Malay language.
Keywords: Minimalist Program, copying rules, features, wh- questions, yes-no questionsDalam teori terdahulu sebelum Program Minimalis, iaitu teori Kuasaan dan Tambatan, dan Prinsip dan Parameter variasi ayat dijana oleh Gerak-α yang menggerakkan sesuatu konstituen ke mana-mana sahaja dengan meninggalkan tikas. Tikas ini berada dalam satu rantaian yang sama dengan unsur anteseden/operator yang telah digerakkan. Dalam Program Minimalis yang dirangka secara eklektik daripada idea Chomsky (1995), Marantz (1995) dan Radford (2009). Gerak-α telah digugurkan. Sebaliknya penjanaan ayat dan variasinya dijana melalui operasi rumus salin. Kajian ini menganalisis motivasi rumus salin dalam penjanaan ayat tanya wh- dan ayat ya-tidak bahasa Melayu. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dan data kajian diperoleh melalui introspeksi. Data tersebut kemudiannya dirujuk kepada dua orang informan penutur jati bahasa Melayu untuk mengesahkan penerimaan atau penolakannya. Dapatan kajian ini mendapati bahawa fitur [+/-wh] dan fitur-fitur tepian; yakni [+/-komp], [+/-wh] [+/-fokus], dan [+/-in situ] merupakan fitur yang menjadi pemangkin atau penghalang dalam menjana ayat tanya wh- dan ya-tidak bahasa Melayu dan variasinya.
Kata kunci: Program Minimalis, rumus salin, fitur, ayat tanya wh-, ayat tanya ya-tida
Predikat terbahagi Bahasa Melayu : tumpuan kepada fungsi gramtid keterangan
No full textKajian ini meneliti kedudukan farasa yang berfungsi sebagai keterangan dalam ayat penyata bahasa Melayu, terutamanya ayat tunggal. Data kajian diperoleh menerusi data korpus Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Kajian ini bertitik tolak daripada kekeliruan fungsi gramatis keterangan yang dikemukakan dalam Tatabahasa Dewan (2009) dan Tatabahasa Asas (2012). Dari segi terminologi sintaksis, keterangan merupakan elemen yang bersifat opsyenal, namun dalam contoh yang dikemukakan oleh kedua-dua buku tatabahasa ini menimbulkan isu. Isu pertama, contoh yang dikemukakan tidak menggambarkan ciri fungsi gramatis keterangan dan isu kedua, keterangan berada di kedudukan akhir ayat. Berlandaskan isu yang dikemukakan, objektif kajian ini ialah menganalisis secara deskriptif kedudukan keterangan dalam ayat dan mengemukakan contoh ayat daripada data korpus yang menunjukkan bahawa terdapat unsur keterangan yang berada pada kedudukan awal ayat. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa terdapat ayat bahasa Melayu yang keterangan dan predikat berada pada awal ayat. Di samping itu, didapati bahawa keterangan tidak semestinya berada dalam predikat, atau predikat tidak semestinya hadir selepas predikat. Predikat terbahagi, iaitu kedudukan keterangan yang berada pada awal ayat menunjukkan bahawa elemen keterangan telah mengalami proses pergerakan. Kajian ini juga berpendirian bahawa isu istilah seperti istilah keterangan perlu diselaraskan dengan konvensi linguistik supaya tidak timbul kekeliruan berkenaan fungsi gramatis keterangan
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Objek dalam Ayat Transitif Bahasa Melayu: Analisis Program Minimalis
No full textFungsi gramatis objek sering menimbulkan kekeliruan dalam kalangan pengguna bahasa Melayu walaupun penjelasan telah diberikan dalam buku tatabahasa pegangan, Tatabahasa Dewan. Bertitik tolak daripada isu kekeliruan objek, kajian ini bermatlamatuntuk memberikan huraian secara teoretis tentangfungsi gramatis objek dalam ayat bahasa Melayu dengan meneliti perilaku sintaksis empat kata kerja, iaitu kata kerja “mencari”, “mencarikan”, “menderma” dan “mendermakan”. Penjelasan teoretis adalah berlandaskan Program Minimalis. Dari aspek metodologi, kajian ini menggunakan data korpus DBP dan korpus dibuat individu dengan yakin (DIY) daripada akhbar Berita Harian Online. Di samping itu, soal selidik juga dilakukan untuk memperoleh penilaian kebolehterimaan ayat berdasarkan intuisi penutur natif bahasa Melayu. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa penutur natif bahasa Melayu menerima bahawaayat “mencari” dan “menderma” mempunyai dua argumen yang berfungsi sebagai subjek dan objek langsung. Bagi kata kerja “mencarikan”, didapati bahawa penutur natif bahasa Melayu cenderung terhadap binaan dua objek yang diwakili oleh frasa nama. Walau bagaimanapun, dapatan kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa bagi kata kerja “mendermakan”, subjek kajian cenderung memilih binaan datif, iaitu FN+ kata kerja + FN + FP. Kajian ini berpendirian bahawa objek tak langsung dalam bahasa Melayu perlu diberikan pilihan, sama ada ada frasa nama atau frasa preposisi yang terdiri daripada kontruksi FN + FN atau FN + FP. Binaan datif ini selari dengan intuisi penutur natif dan justifikasi secara teoretis
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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