1,720,968 research outputs found
Experimental study on the high-velocity impact behavior of sandwich structures with an emphasis on the layering effects of foam core
Full text linkIn this study, the effects of the core layering of sandwich structures, as well as arrangements of these layers on the ballistic resistance of the structures under high-velocity impact, were investigated. Sandwich structures consist of aluminum face-sheets (AL-1050) and polyurethane foam core with different densities. Three sandwich structures with a single-layer core of different core densities and four sandwich structures with a four-layer core of different layers arrangements were constructed. Cylindrical steel projectiles with hemispherical nose, 8 mm diameter and 20 mm length were used. The projectile impact velocity range was chosen from 180 to 320 m/s. Considering constant mass and total thickness for the core, the results of the study showed that the core layering increases the ballistic limit velocity of the sandwich structures. The ballistic limit velocity of the panels with a four-layer core of different arrangements, compared to the panel with the single-layer core, is higher from 5% to 8%. Also, for the single-layer core structure, by increasing the core density, the ballistic limit velocity was increased. Different failure mechanisms such as plugging, petaling and dishing occurred for the back face-sheet. The dishing area diameter of back face-sheets was proportional to the ballistic resistance of each sandwich structure
Experimental and numerical investigation of the effect of the combined mechanism of circumferential expansion and folding on energy absorption parameters
No full textIn this research, in order to increase energy absorption of thin-walled tubes, a combined deformation mechanism is proposed which involves the simultaneous combination of circumferential expansion and folding. Such a combined mechanism was not concerned in the literature. The study is carried out both experimentally and numerically. A special device was designed and made to conduct experimental tests on tubes. The samples were made of aluminum, and quasi-static loading was applied at two different speeds of 10 and 200 mm/min. Energy absorption parameters including specific energy absorption (SEA), crushing mean force, initial peak force, the deformation mode and crush force efficiency (CFE) were studied. Experimental results showed that combined mechanism (without lubrication) could increase absorbed energy up to 123% compared to the folding mechanism. If the lubricant is used, the increase will be up to 97%. The combined deformation mechanism (without lubrication) increases absorbed energy up to 94% compared to the circumstantial expansion. This value will be 107% with lubrication. In addition, the initial peak force in the combined mechanism decreases between 8% and 36% relative to the folding mechanism. The circumstantial expansion in the proposed mechanism is complete and the expansion stroke length is 100%, while this stroke was less in the previous researches due to design restrictions. Numerical simulations were conducted using LS-Dyna software and there is good agreement between the numerical results and experimental data
Effect of Microscale Fabrication on Multi-Directional Mechanical Properties of Additively Manufactured Poly Lactic Acid With Grid Infills
No full textIn additive manufacturing, infill patterns have a significant impact on both printing time and mechanical performance, creating a necessary trade-off between the two from an industrial perspective. This study aims therefore to find an easy-to-handle procedure for rapid evaluation of the influence of infill density and raster angle on the elastic properties of 3D-printed components, from the perspective of their adoption in the industrial process of component design. In particular, the study's goal is to predict the elastic modulus in three directions. Tensile tests were carried out on bulk specimens according to ISO 527 to determine the elastic properties of 3D-printed PLA necessary for the numerical analysis. Cubic specimens were then manufactured with three densities (20%, 40%, and 60%) and two raster angles (-45 degrees/45 degrees and 0 degrees/90 degrees). Quasi-static compression tests were conducted on those specimens to assess their homogenized elastic behavior in three directions. One important result of the experimental phase was the relationship between Young's modulus (E) in the three directions. The average of E in directions 1 and 2 (build plate) is named E-1,E-2 and on the build-up directions is E-3, for alpha = 0 degrees/90 degrees was E-1,E-2 = 0.8E(3) and for alpha = -45 degrees/45 degrees was E-1,E-2 = 0.28E(3). Three finite element models were developed and run with the elastic properties determined by tensile tests, namely: (a) a shell model (SHL) where the internal and external walls of the specimens were modeled using shell elements with the nominal geometry; (b) a solid model (SLD) with the nominal geometry and (c) a nonuniform section model (NUS) in which the geometry was taken from microscope image to account for manufacturing imperfections. The difference between simulation and experiment for SHL was 19%, SLD was 15%, and NUS was 13%, indicating an overall good correspondence and, at the same time, that the real geometry resulting from the manufacturing process has a non-negligible impact on the homogenized value. Besides validating the values and relationships, FEM elucidated which sections of the cubes experienced stress and contributed to stiffness under various patterns and loading scenarios
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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