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Co-constructing security “from below”: A methodology to rethink and transform security in contexts of chronic violence
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Untrusted democracies and failing security strategies: crises that refocus democratic governance in Latin America and the Caribbean
No full textThis paper explores the shortcomings of forms of democratic governance in Latin America and theCaribbean through a focus on people’s experiences of insecurity and state responses to increasingviolence in the region. Using Charles Tilly’s criteria for assessing political relations in democraticregimes, it argues that in Latin America and the Caribbean it is necessary to rethink the criterianormally used to assess democratic governance. Democracy in contexts affected by chronicviolence, it is argued, should not be thought of exclusively in relation to the functioning of politicalinstitutions and access to rights. It should also be considered in relation to its capacity to produceand sustain forms of political, economic and social interaction that do not reproduce violence
Nuestras voces sobre seguridad humana en medellin dialogos sobre seguridad humana Observatorio de Seguridad Humana de Medellin
No full textHow a public health crisis turned into a localised human security crisis in the Global South
No full textMobility restrictions, lockdowns, and economic slumps have endangered communities during the pandemic in the Global South. But a human security approach can help protect people’s lives by addressing the pandemic‘s multidimensional impact, writes Alexandra Abello-Colak (LSE Latin America and Caribbean Centre)
Security Provision and Governing Processes in Fragile Cities of the Global South: The case of Medellin 2002-2012
Get PDFThe incidence of violence and the configuration of areas of instability, which have accompanied rapid urbanisation processes in the global South, have led to a wide range of responses by state authorities at different levels. These responses include attempts to control, prevent and/or manage various forms of violence and crime. An emerging literature on urban security aims to improve our understanding of public security provision in volatile urban contexts in the global South. This literature has so far been dominated by policy-oriented and state-centric analyses, as well as by critiques of the way neoliberal governance is shaping responses to urban instability. These analytical approaches tend to ignore the political aspects and governmental consequences of security provision in fragile cities. This thesis argues that Foucault’s work on governmentality and ethnographic methodologies offer analytical and methodological tools that can help us address limitations in predominant analytical frameworks and contribute to fill gaps in the literature. The thesis develops an alternative critical approach to the study of urban security using those tools and employs it to investigate security provision in Medellin. This alternative approach focuses on the way security shapes governing processes in particular contexts and on their implications for those who are most vulnerable to urban fragility. Moreover, the thesis uses this innovative approach to investigate the security strategy implemented in Medellin since 2002, as part of what has come to be known as the ‘Medellin Model’. By exploring this particularly relevant case, this thesis highlights the significance of undertaking empirical explorations of the rationality of security strategies in different urban contexts and the importance of taking into account people´s differentiated experiences of security provision. Furthermore, this thesis argues that this alternative approach helps us understand the way power is exercised for particular purposes and on particular subjects in an attempt to deal with urban violence and insecurity. It also argues for the inclusion of these dimensions in contemporary studies of urban security in the global South
Construcción de Espacios Seguros: Lecciones del Dialogo de Saberes con Jóvenes y Mujeres en América Latina y el Caribe
No full textSecurity from below in contexts of chronic violence
No full textAt the same time that the field of security moves away from traditional state-centred perspectives towards a human-centred understanding of security, contemporary states seem to be incapable of protecting people from increasingly complex forms of insecurity. Inadequate and inefficient public responses have contributed to the erosion of the idea of security as a public good, especially in contexts of chronic violence. In this article, we suggest that in these contexts ‘security from below’ could help analytically and in practice to humanise security provision by focusing attention on the lived experiences of insecurity, by encouraging participation in debates about the local and universal values that should inform state responses and by enabling people to demand a people-centred but publicly delivered form of security. Rethinking security from below is not a suggestion for replacing the state; it is instead an attempt to increase the capacity of communities and local level actors to articulate their demands for better security provision based on agreed norms and under democratic principles in which security must be at the heart of all struggles for equitable development and social justice
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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