406 research outputs found
An ecological momentary assessment analysis of relations among coping, affect, and smoking lapse:
No full textThis study used EMA data from smokers engaged in an earnest attempt to quit smoking to assess complex relations among coping, affect, and smoking. Analyses tested hypotheses about the main effects of coping and both mediators and moderators of coping effects on subsequent outcomes of interest (i.e., affect, coping effort, coping efficacy, and smoking behavior). Results of multilevel models indicated that coping does not improve negative affect within 4 hours of coping efforts, but that coping does improve positive affect and increase the odds of engaging in temptation coping in the short-term. Lapses were more likely to happen when recent coping was reported within 48 hours. None of the putative mediators of coping were predictive of later lapse risk as anticipated. Analyses also revealed that pre-quit coping practice moderated the effects of post-quit coping to deal with stressful events on later affect. Moreover, significant moderating gender effects were also found in these relations.M.S.Includes bibliographical references (p. 53-66)by Haruka Minam
Relations among affect, abstinence motivation and confidence, and daily lapse risk among smokers trying to quit
No full textAims: This study prospectively tested the hypothesis that changes in momentary affect, abstinence motivation, and confidence would predict lapse risk over the next 12-48 hours using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) data from smokers attempting to quit smoking. The moderating effects of high-risk contexts on relations between cognitions (motivation and confidence) and lapse risk were also tested. Method: 79 adult, daily smokers recorded their momentary affect, motivation to quit, abstinence confidence, and smoking behaviors in near real time with multiple EMA reports using electronic diaries post-quit. Results: Multilevel models indicated that increases in negative affect predicted greater lapse risk up to 12 hours, but not 24 hours later. Neither positive nor negative affect had significant effects on subsequent cognitions. High levels of motivation appeared to reduce increases in lapse risk that occur over hours. Momentary increases in confidence predicted greater lapse risk over 12 hours in high-risk situations, but not in the absence of potent smoking triggers. Conclusion: Momentary changes in negative affect, motivation, and confidence, during a quit attempt all had short-term effects on smoking lapse. Negative affect had short-lived effects on lapse risk, whereas high levels of motivation protected against the risk of lapsing that accumulates over hours. Contrary to expectations, an acute increase in confidence may increase vulnerability to lapse in the context of potent smoking triggers. Relations observed among affect, cognitions, and lapse seem to depend critically on the timing of assessments and the contexts in which the assessments occur.Ph. D.Includes bibliographical referencesIncludes vitaby Haruka Minam
The Role of Reproductive Hormones in Sex Differences in Sleep Homeostasis and Arousal Response in Mice
No full textThere are various sex differences in sleep/wake behaviors in mice. However, it is unclear whether there are sex differences in sleep homeostasis and arousal responses and whether gonadal hormones are involved in these sex differences. Here, we examined sleep/wake behaviors under baseline condition, after sleep deprivation by gentle handling, and arousal responses to repeated cage changes in male and female C57BL/6 mice that are hormonally intact, gonadectomized, or gonadectomized with hormone supplementation. Compared to males, females had longer wake time, shorter non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) time, and longer rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) episodes. After sleep deprivation, males showed an increase in NREMS delta power, NREMS time, and REMS time, but females showed a smaller increase. Females and males showed similar arousal responses. Gonadectomy had only a modest effect on homeostatic sleep regulation in males but enhanced it in females. Gonadectomy weakened arousal response in males and females. With hormone replacement, baseline sleep in gonadectomized females was similar to that of intact females, and baseline sleep in gonadectomized males was close to that of intact males. Gonadal hormone supplementation restored arousal response in males but not in females. These results indicate that male and female mice differ in their baseline sleep-wake behavior, homeostatic sleep regulation, and arousal responses to external stimuli, which are differentially affected by reproductive hormones.
Operations in the Creative UnCommons
No full textThesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2010.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections."February 2010." Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (p. 228-230).The Open Agency Project proposes an experimental architecture office as an agency for ideas and inventions. By actively seeking unconventional design opportunities, taking advantage of loopholes in restrictive codes, and hacking/tinkering rather than master planning, this office aims to insert architectural ideas into unexpected places and spur the imaginative rethinking of familiar problems. The open-source sharing of research, process and design is embraced and DIY attitudes are encouraged in order to make good design accessible and intelligible to everyone. The Open Agency Project aspires to harness bottom-up action to transform ideas into realities, and ultimately to transform reality.by Haruka Horiuchi.M.Arch
Face validation and pharmacologic analysis of Sik3 mutant mouse as a possible model of idiopathic hypersomnia
No full textIdiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is a chronic neurologic disorder with unknown mechanisms that result in long night-time sleep, daytime sleepiness, long non-refreshing naps, and difficult awakening presenting as sleep drunkenness. IH patients are typically diagnosed by shorter sleep latency on multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) along with long sleep time. Only symptomatic drug treatments are currently available for IH and no animal model to study it. Sleepy mice carry a splicing mutation in the Sik3 gene, leading to increased sleep time and sleep need. Here we used a mouse version of MSLT and a decay analysis of wake EEG delta power to validate the Sleepy mutant mouse as an animal model for IH. Sleepy mice had shorter sleep latency in the dark (active) phase than wild-type mice. They also showed lower decay of EEG delta density during wakefulness, possibly reflecting increased sleep inertia. These data indicate that the Sleepy mouse may have partial face validity as a mouse model for idiopathic hypersomnia. We then investigated the effect of orexin-A and the orexin receptor 2-selective agonist YNT-185 on the sleepiness symptoms of the Sleepy mouse. Intracerebroventricular orexin-A promoted wakefulness for 3 h and decreased wake EEG delta density after injection in Sleepy mice and wild-type mice. Moreover, Sleepy mice but not wild-type mice showed a sleep rebound after the orexin-A-induced wakefulness. Intraperitoneal YNT-185 promoted wakefulness for 3 h after injection in Sleepy mice, indicating the potential of using orexin agonists to treat not only orexin deficiency but hypersomnolence of various etiologies.
Dynamical behavior of the interface of phase-separated ^3He-^4He liquid mixtures(Abstracts of Doctoral Dissertations,Annual Report(from April 2001 to March 2002))
No full textapplication/pdf紀要類(bulletin)132773 bytesdepartmental bulletin pape
女性性産業従事者へのドキシサイクリン暴露前予防内服は、腟内細菌叢に影響を与えずに性感染症を予防する
No full text新潟大学博士（医学）Background
Bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like syphilis, chlamydia and gonorrhoea are often asymptomatic but can cause severe complications, including infertility and vertical transmission in cisgender women, particularly female sex workers (FSWs). Sex work is strongly associated with syphilis, with FSWs representing 38% of syphilis cases among Japanese women in 2021. Despite doxycycline’s proven effectiveness in preventing bacterial STIs, its efficacy in high-risk cisgender women remains inconclusive, highlighting the need for targeted STI prevention strategies in this population.
Objectives
We investigated the effectiveness of doxycycline pre-exposure prophylaxis (doxyPrEP) in preventing STIs and its impact on vaginal flora among FSWs.
Participants and methods
This retrospective study included 40 FSWs aged ≥18 years who initiated doxyPrEP (100 mg/day) for STI prevention at a private clinic in Tokyo, Japan, between 1 October 2022 and 14 November 2023. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) for chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis, bacterial vaginosis (BV), and vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) were estimated using fixed-effects Poisson regression models. Adherence, side effects, and satisfaction were evaluated through follow-up clinical evaluations.
Results
Overall STI incidence significantly declined from 232.3 to 79.2/100 person-years following doxyPrEP initiation (IRR = 0.33, P = 0.020). The reduction in chlamydia showed marginal statistical significance (IRR = 0.35, P = 0.056), and syphilis cases dropped to zero. Gonorrhoea, BV, and VVC incidence showed no significant changes. Follow-up clinical evaluations indicated high adherence to doxyPrEP, no serious adverse events, and high satisfaction with doxyPrEP.
Conclusions
DoxyPrEP significantly reduced the overall STI incidence among FSWs without increasing other vaginal infections.Seitaro Abe, Daisuke Mizushima, Naokatsu Ando, Akira Kawashima, Haruka Uemura, Satoshi Shibata, Hiroshi Moro, Toshiaki kikuchi, Hiroyuki Gatanaga, Shinichi Oka, Daisuke Shiojiri, Doxycycline pre-exposure prophylaxis prevents sexually transmitted infections without affecting vaginal bacterial flora in female sex workers, JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance, Volume 7, Issue 2, April 2025, dlaf054, https://doi.org/10.1093/jacamr/dlaf054新大院博（医）第1282
転写因子 Etv/Er81 による神経活動依存的な小脳顆粒細胞の成熟機構の解明
No full text京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(生命科学)甲第16438号生博第237号新制||生||31(附属図書館)29069京都大学大学院生命科学研究科高次生命科学専攻(主査)教授 垣塚 彰, 教授 上村 匡, 教授 渡邉 大学位規則第4条第1項該当Ph.D. (Life Sciences)Kyoto UniversityDA
Remittances, rituals and reconsidering women's norms in mahallas : emigrant labour and its social effects in Ferghana Valley
No full textThis paper describes recent economic and social changes in Central Asian neighbourhood communities known as mahallas, using data from a town in the Ferghana Valley. First, the paper examines how the increasing costs of life-cycle rituals are damaging the harmony of mahallas. Since 2007, more and more hosts have begun to outsource the provision of food and services for these rituals, using money acquired mostly through emigrant labour. This in turn lessens mahallas’ mutual aid practices, and reveals emerging economic disparities between neighbours. Secondly, the paper argues that emigration has had transformative effects on the lifestyles of Muslim women in mahallas. With the globalization of their economy, conventional local norms are becoming harder to obey, and some young and middle-aged women are choosing to live outside these norms. Dependence on emigrant labour and the associated remittances has significantly affected the lifestyles and morals of mahalla inhabitants.参考文献の記載方法等の点で、出版社版とは微細な違いあ
Abstract 4430: Circulating microRNA expression profiles as a novel diagnostic biomarker for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
No full textAbstract
Background: The findings of a recent analysis on microRNAs (miRNAs) suggest that circulating miRNAs have potential as biomarkers of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In order to identify specific miRNAs of ESCC, we analyzed the circulating miRNAs of patients who underwent endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and esophagectomy. Method: After obtaining written informed consent, we collected paired (pre and post treatment) blood samples from 60 superficial ESCC patients and 42 pretreatment advanced ESCC patients between 2011 and 2015. Samples were divided into training (40 superficial ESCC and 22 advanced ESCC) and test (15 superficial ESCC and 20 advanced ESCC) cohorts according to the period at which they were obtained (between 2011 and 2013 and between 2014 and 2015). Fifty-five patients underwent EMR and were confirmed as stage 0 or Stage 1a. Microarray analyses of blood samples were performed using the 3D-Gene miRNA microarray platform (Toray). Normalization was achieved using the Quantile method, and poor quality samples were excluded from the analysis. Any two clinical groups were compared using a two-sided Student’s t-test. miRNAs exhibiting significant differences were subsequently evaluated using a logistic regression analysis (LRA). Multivariate LRA, Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC), and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed in order to evaluate the diagnostic power of miRNA combinations. In all series, we used post-EMR patients as control cases.
Results: Twelve miRNAs (miR-6722-5p, 489, 4525, 409-3p, 6088, 3678-5p, 197-5p, 4281, 5090, 3173-3p, 762, and 1470) were selected as discriminant markers (S-combination: AUC 1.00) of superficial ESCC, while 4 miRNAs (miR-4723-3p, 4646-3p, 2392, and 1236-3p) were selected as discriminant markers (A-combination: AUC 1.00) of advanced ESCC in the training cohort. There were no overlap miRNAs between the two combinations. In the test cohort, the S-combination discriminated superficial ESCC (AUC 1.00), while the A-combination discriminated advanced ESCC (AUC 1.00) from post-EMR patients. Furthermore, the S-combination discriminated advanced ESCC in the test cohort (AUC 1.00). However, the A-combination did not clearly discriminate superficial ESCC (AUC 0.833).
Conclusion: Our results suggest that selected miRNAs are useful biomarkers for the discrimination of ESCC. However, biomarkers of superficial ESCC and advanced ESCC may differ.
Citation Format: Yutaka Shimada, Yoshinori Takei, Tomoyuki Okumura, Takuya Nagata, Haruka Fujinami, Miwako Arima, Tetsuya Abe, Yasumasa Niwa, Masahiro Tajika, Tetsuo Sudo, Kazuharu Shimizu. Circulating microRNA expression profiles as a novel diagnostic biomarker for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4430. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4430</jats:p
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