21 research outputs found
Data from: Bee species richness through time in an urbanizing landscape of the southeastern USA
No full text<p>Authors: Selina A. Ruzi, Elsa Youngsteadt, April Hamblin Cherveny, Jessica Kettenbach, Hannah K. Levenson, Danesha Seth Carley, Jaime A. Collazo, and Rebecca E. Irwin</p><p>*Corresponding author: Selina A. Ruzi, <a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a></p><p>Abstract: Compared to non-urban environments, cities host ecological communities with altered taxonomic diversity and functional trait composition. However, we know little about how these urban changes take shape over time. Using historical bee (Apoidea: Anthophila) museum specimens supplemented with online repositories and researcher collections, we investigated whether bee species richness tracked urban and human population growth over the past 118 years. We also determined which species were no longer collected, whether those species shared certain traits, and if collector behavior changed over time. We focused on Wake County, North Carolina, USA where human population size has increased over 16 times over the last century along with the urban area within its largest city, Raleigh, which has increased over four times. We estimated bee species richness with occupancy models, and rarefaction and extrapolation curves to account for imperfect detection and sample coverage. To determine if bee traits correlated with when species were collected, we compiled information on native status, nesting habits, diet breadth, and sociality. We used non-metric multidimensional scaling to determine if individual collectors contributed different bee assemblages over time. In total, there were 328 species collected in Wake County. We found that although bee species richness varied, there was no clear trend in bee species richness over time. However, recent collections (since 2003) were missing 195 species, and there was a shift in trait composition, particularly lost species were below-ground nesters. The top collectors in the dataset differed in how often they collected bee species, but this was not consistent between historic and contemporary time periods; some contemporary collectors grouped closer together than others, potentially due to focusing on urban habitats. Use of historical collections and complimentary analyses can fill knowledge gaps to help understand temporal patterns of species richness in taxonomic groups that may not have planned long-term data.</p><p> </p><p>Usage notes: To access the R project, please go to https://github.com/sruzi24/Ruzi_etal_temporal_bee_richness</p>
Linking mechanism to pattern in community assembly: Ant-mediated seed dispersal in neotropical pioneer tree species
Get PDFDispersal is a fundamental process that affects all aspects of an organism’s biology including its distribution, genetic structure, demography, and reproduction. Ant-mediated seed dispersal has evolved multiple times in many biogeographical locations. Most research in this area has focused on myrmecochorous plants that are known to elicit seed dispersal by providing a specialized lipid rich food reward called an elaiosome attached to their seeds. However, seeds that are not known to have this food reward may still be attractive to ants. The aim of my dissertation was to describe the movement of seeds of Neotropical pioneer tree species that are not known to have elaiosomes by ants. For my research, I chose Neotropical pioneer tree species that are commonly found in the soil seed bank of Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama. The seeds of these tree species do not provide an elaiosome food reward to their ant removers, but varied in mass, primary dispersal mode (animal or wind), dormancy type (physical, physiological, or quiescent), and ability to persist in the soil in the absence of predators. My dissertation research from BCI had four parts: (1) I quantified seed removal rates among 12 Neotropical pioneer species in two locations of the soil seed bank (soil surface and two cm within the topsoil) to determine which seed characteristics best explained variation in seed removal rates. (2) I identified seed-removing ants and determined whether variation in ant communities / activity correlated with differences in seed removal rates among sites. (3) I determined that chemical cues played a role in mediating some seed-ant interactions for one Neotropical pioneer seed species. (4) Lastly, I estimated where and how far ants moved seed of one pioneer species, Zanthoxylum ekmanii Urb. (Alain) (Rutaceae) and whether the seeds would survive their deposition location. My dissertation research supports that ants will interact with seeds of some Neotropical pioneer tree species without any type of food reward on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. This indicates that ants may alter the recruitment dynamics of more plant species than previously thought broadening the impact of this important ecosystem service.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2021-05-01The student, Selina Ruzi, accepted the attached license on 2019-04-11 at 13:45.The student, Selina Ruzi, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2019-04-11 at 14:52.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2019-04-11 at 18:21.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #13567 on 2019-08-22 at 15:05:54Made available in DSpace on 2019-08-23T20:35:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2019-04-11Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 112126
Lift date: 2021-08-23T20:36:18Z
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A Discussion on the Design of Buildings with Rigid Basement According to TBSC 2018
Get PDF2018’de yayınlanan ve 2019’da yürürlüğe giren Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliği (TBDY) rijit bodrumlu binaların tasarımında iki aşamalı yüklemeye dayanan bir yöntemi zorunlu kılmaktadır. Birinci aşama yüklemesinde rijit bodrum kütlesiz olarak, üstyapı kendi kütlesiyle modellenir. Böylelikle mod birleştirme yöntemiyle deprem analizinde sadece üstyapının kütlesi dikkate alınır. Üstyapının tasarımında kullanılacak deprem kuvvetleri, üstyapının yapısal özelliklerine uygun olarak seçilen deprem yükü azaltma katsayılarıyla bu modelden elde edilir. İkinci aşama yüklemesinde üstyapı kütlesiz olarak, rijit bodrum kendi kütlesiyle modellenir ve böylelikle deprem analizinde sadece rijit bodrumun kütlesi dikkate alınır. Rijit bodrumun tasarımında kullanılacak deprem kuvvetleri, kendisinin yapısal özelliklerine uygun olarak seçilen deprem yükü azaltma katsayılarıyla bu ikinci modelden elde edilir. Ayrıca, bu şekilde belirlenen rijit bodrum deprem kuvvetlerine üstyapıdan aktarılan düşey ve yatay kuvvetler de eklenir. Üstyapı ve rijit bodrumun deprem hesabında farklı analiz modellerinin kullanılması ve bodrum katların tasarımında bu kuvvetlerin birleştirilmesi belli ölçüde zaman alıcı, karmaşık ve hataya müsait bir süreçtir. Bu çalışmada sayısal analiz sonuçlarına dayalı olarak, rijit bodrumlu binaların modelleme ve tasarımına yönelik bazı değerlendirmeler ve öneriler sunulmuştur.Turkish Building Seismic Code (TBSC), which was published in 2018 and became effective in 2019 prescribes a two-stage loading method for designing of a building with a rigid basement. In the first loading stage, the rigid basement is modeled as a massless structure and only mass of the superstructure is considered in the modal response spectrum analysis. The seismic design forces of the superstructure are computed using this model with the appropriate response modification coefficient and the overstrength factor. In the second loading stage, the superstructure is modeled as a massless system and only mass of the rigid basement is considered in the modal response spectrum analysis. The seismic design forces of the rigid basement are computed using this second model with the appropriate response modification coefficient and the overstrength factor. In addition, the seismic forces computed for the superstructure are superposed with those computed for rigid basement. Due to the use of separate building models for the analyses and superposition need, this process is relatively cumbersome, complex and prone to errors. In this study, based on the structural analysis results, some considerations and recommendations are presented on the modeling and design of buildings with a rigid basement
Suppression of The Torsional Irregularity of High-rise Buildings Using Viscous Wall Dampers
No full textThe energy dissipation devices, with their capabilities of seismic demand reduction, are
effective and widely used innovative structural solutions for the seismic protection of
buildings. Viscous Wall Dampers (VWD) are also encouraging for new design opportunities of high-rise buildings such as reinforced concrete (RC) special moment resisting
frames (SMRF). Moreover, retrofitting the existing buildings with VWDs is also possible
without any detrimental effects on the architectural design. This study investigates the effectiveness of VWDs on the dynamic performance of high-rise buildings having torsional
irregularity. A 22-story irregular RC SMRF building is designed and subjected to a seismic
redesign process equipping the building only with VWDs, without changing the dimensions of any other structural elements. The VWDs are placed to suppress the torsional irregularity of the basic design for seismic mitigation objectives. The seismic performances
of the buildings with various configurations of VWDs are evaluated. The location of the
prototype building is selected to be in a highly seismic active area in Turkey. A readily
available and validated computational model for VWD is implemented. The results of
the nonlinear response history analysis (NRHA) have shown that the wall dampers can
effectively reduce the torsional irregularity, as well as the maximum interstory drift ratios
to less than 2% which is set as the target performance objective for the design-based
earthquake level. By installing VWDs, it is demonstrated that the torsional irregularity is
suppressed while the flexible SMRF design for a 22-story building still satisfies the target
performance objectives
A study of nonverbal expression in the Spongebob movie
No full textNonverbal expressions are one of the nonverbal communication elements that can convey messages. Nonverbal expression can include body movement, gestures, eye contact, tone of voice, and facial expression. Nonverbal communication has played a critical role in the development of cartoon and animated characters. The
Spongebob Squarepants film 'Sponge on the Run' is one of the most popular animated films in the entertainment industry aimed at a younger audience. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how effective nonverbal expressions are used to represent the characters in the Spongebob movie 'Spongebob on the Run.' The study's audio-visual data was gathered from the online movie service 'Netflix,' and the applied conversation analysis method was employed. The findings from interaction analysis the showed that each character in the cartoon used different nonverbal expressions to support the meaning for verbal communications. Furthermore, the findings revealed the effectiveness of nonverbal expressions used in relation to culture and to support verbal message
Critical Edition and Analysis of the Fourth Chapter (From the Beginning to the End) of Cemaleddin Muhammad b. Ziyad al-Waddahi’s Work Titled “Sharh Ṭilbat al-Ṭāliba fī Ṭarīq al-ʿIlm li Man Ṭalabahū”
No full textBu tez, Tılbetü't-Talebe adlı eserin müellifi Muhammed b. Muhammed b. Ali el-Kaşgarî ile söz konusu eserin şârihi Muhammed b. Ziyâd el-Vaddâhî'yi tanıtmayı, hayatları ve ilmî değerlerini açıklamayı amaçlamaktadır. Tılbetü't-Talebe adlı kitap, öğrenme ve öğretme yöntemlerini ele alan ilk İslâmî eser-lerden biri olup bu konu hakkında en zengin muhtevayı haiz telifât arasında değer-lendirilmiştir. Eser önemini, başlığından da anlaşılacağı üzere, talebeyi öğrenmeye hazırlama hususunda telif edilmesinden almaktadır. Bu seçkin eser, günümüzde adlandırıldığı gibi, müslüman âlimlerin İslâmî eğitim ve öğretimin ilkelerini tespitte öncü olduklarını doğrulamaktadır. Müellif, şer'î metinleri, eğitim ve öğretimdeki pratik deneyimi, öncü uzmanların yazılarını altı bölümde bir araya getirmiştir. Tez, bu bölümlerden -aşağıda da belirtilen- son üç bölümü seçtim: Dördüncü Bölüm: İlmi yücelmek ve ilim adamlarına saygı göstermek. Beşinci Bölüm: çalışkanlık ve azım ve ilim yolunda zorluklara karşı sabretmek. Altıncı Bölüm: Öğrenci kendini ilmi aramaya adaya bilmek için rızık etmenin tolları. Eserin bu kısmını tetkik çabalarımın, öğrencilerin eğitim ve öğretim yöntemleri hak-kındaki bilgilere ulaşmasını kolaylaştıracağını ve bu husustaki ilgilerini artıracağını ümit ediyorum.This thesis aims to introduce the owner of the article (sadid al-din mohammad ibn mohammad ibn ali alkashe-gri) and the explainer the article (jamal al-din mohammad ibn al-vaddahi) and explains their personal life and scholar values. This article is one of the first Islamic articles written about learning and teaching methods and it is accepted as one of the articles containing the richest content. And as it can be understood from the title of the article, its importance is to prepare the student for learning. This outstanding article confirms the priority of muslim scholars in their relations with the teaching fundamentals and principles of islamic education, as it is called today. The author brought together sharia (islamic) texts, practical expe-rience in education and writings of leading experts in six chapters, I chose the last three chapters mentioned below: Fourth chapter: to glorify knowledge and respect scholars. Fifth chapter: diligence and perseverance, patience in the path of learning knowledge. Sixth chapter: ways to get living expenses for the student to dedicate himself to seeking knowledge. I think that my efforts to convey this part of the arti-cle will facilitate students' knowledge about teaching methods and increase their in-terest
Cemâleddîn Muhammed B. Ziyad El-Vaddâhî'nin" Şerhu Tılbeti't-Talebe Fî Tarîkı'l-İlmi Li Men Talebehû" Adlı Eserin Dördüncü Bölümün Başlangıcından Eserin Sonuna Kadartahkik ve İnceleme
Get PDFBu tez, Tılbetü't-Talebe adlı eserin müellifi Muhammed b. Muhammed b. Ali el-Kaşgarî ile söz konusu eserin şârihi Muhammed b. Ziyâd el-Vaddâhî'yi tanıtmayı, hayatları ve ilmî değerlerini açıklamayı amaçlamaktadır. Tılbetü't-Talebe adlı kitap, öğrenme ve öğretme yöntemlerini ele alan ilk İslâmî eser-lerden biri olup bu konu hakkında en zengin muhtevayı haiz telifât arasında değer-lendirilmiştir. Eser önemini, başlığından da anlaşılacağı üzere, talebeyi öğrenmeye hazırlama hususunda telif edilmesinden almaktadır. Bu seçkin eser, günümüzde adlandırıldığı gibi, müslüman âlimlerin İslâmî eğitim ve öğretimin ilkelerini tespitte öncü olduklarını doğrulamaktadır. Müellif, şer'î metinleri, eğitim ve öğretimdeki pratik deneyimi, öncü uzmanların yazılarını altı bölümde bir araya getirmiştir. Tez, bu bölümlerden -aşağıda da belirtilen- son üç bölümü seçtim: Dördüncü Bölüm: İlmi yücelmek ve ilim adamlarına saygı göstermek. Beşinci Bölüm: çalışkanlık ve azım ve ilim yolunda zorluklara karşı sabretmek. Altıncı Bölüm: Öğrenci kendini ilmi aramaya adaya bilmek için rızık etmenin tolları. Eserin bu kısmını tetkik çabalarımın, öğrencilerin eğitim ve öğretim yöntemleri hak-kındaki bilgilere ulaşmasını kolaylaştıracağını ve bu husustaki ilgilerini artıracağını ümit ediyorum.This thesis aims to introduce the owner of the article (sadid al-din mohammad ibn mohammad ibn ali alkashe-gri) and the explainer the article (jamal al-din mohammad ibn al-vaddahi) and explains their personal life and scholar values. This article is one of the first Islamic articles written about learning and teaching methods and it is accepted as one of the articles containing the richest content. And as it can be understood from the title of the article, its importance is to prepare the student for learning. This outstanding article confirms the priority of muslim scholars in their relations with the teaching fundamentals and principles of islamic education, as it is called today. The author brought together sharia (islamic) texts, practical expe-rience in education and writings of leading experts in six chapters, I chose the last three chapters mentioned below: Fourth chapter: to glorify knowledge and respect scholars. Fifth chapter: diligence and perseverance, patience in the path of learning knowledge. Sixth chapter: ways to get living expenses for the student to dedicate himself to seeking knowledge. I think that my efforts to convey this part of the arti-cle will facilitate students' knowledge about teaching methods and increase their in-terest
Degrading Seismic Performance of Tall Shear Wall Buildings under Earthquake Sequences
Get PDFIt is widely recognized that high-seismic regions across the world are frequently affected by repeated earthquakes. The destructive effects of repeated earthquakes have been investigated by many researchers using performance parameters such as residual displacement, inter-story drift, and dissipated energy. In this study, a high-rise reinforced concrete shear wall building with 40 floors above grade, which represents a typical real tall building, is selected as the example building for numerical analyses. Nonlinear response history analyses are performed under different combinations of earthquakes with various spectral acceleration intensities. The analysis results for the tall building under the earthquake sequences indicate that concrete strain governs the seismic performance level of the building, while steel strain consistently meets the Immediate Occupancy limit. The study concludes that the Immediate Occupancy threshold, defined by the concrete strain at peak stress, is a critical limit for preventing significant damage under repeated seismic demands.The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the pdf file of the accepted manuscript may differ slightly from what is displayed on the item page. The information in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript reflects the original submission by the author
FTIR STUDIES OF AMMONIA PHOTOCHEMISTRY IN SOLID PARAHYDROGEN
No full textAuthor Institution: Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071-3838It is believed that producing and trapping high concentrations of reactive species in solid molecular hydrogen will ultimately lead to the development of new high performance rocket fuels.\textbf{189}, 351-365 (1994).} We think the NH radical could be a viable candidate and try to produce it by photolyzing ammonia (NH) at low temperature in solid parahydrogen. Upon 193.3 nm photolysis of NH, we observe both NH and NH radical photoproducts. No significant changes in the NH radical concentration have been detected during a period of 3 hours at 1.8 K, even though the reaction NH + H \rightarrow NH is highly exothermic and can occur by quantum mechanical tunneling even at these low temperatures. In contrast, the NH radical is only observed in FTIR scans recorded during photolysis and rapidly decays once the 193.3 nm laser is turned off. We will discuss the possible fates of NH and how conditions can be optimized to produce high concentrations of NH radicals
DETECTING HYDROGEN ATOMS IN SOLID PARAHYDROGEN USING FTIR SPECTROSCOPY
No full textAuthor Institution: Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071-3838Our group is currently studying the 193.3 nm photochemistry of a number of precursor molecules isolated in solid parahydrogen (pH) using high-resolution FTIR spectroscopy. In photochemical studies of formic acid\textbf{3}, 342-347 (2012).} and ammonia, right after the photolysis laser is turned off, we observe metastable satellite peaks in close proximity to the strong rovibrational transition out of the ground state of the respective monomer photoproducts HO and NH. In both cases, there are two satellite peaks near the R(0) monomer transition. We have assigned these satellite features to H-HO and H-NH radical clusters that form via reactions of the photoproduct with the pH host. We will present IR spectroscopic studies of these two H-atom cluster systems that we hope to use in future photochemical studies to measure the concentration of H-atoms in our sample using FTIR spectroscopy
