39 research outputs found
Don't dump, reuse plastic / Muhammad Ar-Rasyidin Abdul Rahim
No full textVRReplastic Mobile Application is a video streaming app that combine the Virtual Reality and a mobile application
The application of Shari’ah and international human rights law in Saudi Arabia
No full textThis thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and was awarded by Brunel UniversityThe present dissertation provides an analytical and comparative study of the application of Islamic law (Shari’ah) and international human rights law in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It provides an analysis of the sources of Islamic law as well as the sources of international law to set the background for analysis and defines the nature of both laws. It also tackles the subject of the domestic application of international human treaties in Saudi Arabia.
In addition, it examines some reservations Saudi Arabia has entered to some of the international human rights treaties it has ratified, specifically the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) and the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). It also sheds some light on the political, cultural and religious obstacles to the realisation of norms protected by international human rights treaties in the country, and in other countries for that matter, clearly stating the impossibility of implementing the provisions of the international human rights treaties in their entirety. This is due to the various political and legal developments towards the internationalization of the concept of human rights. It observes that despite the existence of the international human rights treaties, which aim at reinforcing a universal realisation of international human rights, these rights cannot be possibly realised by all countries.
To stress the importance Saudi Arabia attaches to the issue of human rights, the dissertation discusses some rights of women before Saudi courts in family matters, an issue which has been criticised by some international human rights treaties, and examines to what extent the country has managed to tackle the issue of domestic violence, particularly violence against women. It provides an overview of the major causes of domestic violence against women in Saudi Arabia, presents some cases of domestic violence before Saudi courts and sheds some light on the measures taken by the Saudi government to combat domestic violence against women. It also tackles this issue both in the international and domestic legal frameworks, clearly stating the Islamic standpoint on the issue, namely that Islamic law, and Saudi Arabia for that matter, whose laws are essentially derived from the two main sources of Shari’ah. It also discusses the common forms of violence against women in Saudi Arabia and suggests a number of recommendations towards more effective protection of women against violence in the country.
The dissertation concludes by presenting a number of obstacles in the way of executing judicial decisions in the Kingdom as well as the obstacles which negatively affect the performance of the new code of law practice. It also presents some recommendations concerning personal status law obstacles and hindrances to progress and attempts to answer the research questions it has posed
Intellectual property laws and Islam in Malaysia.
No full textPhDThis study is undertaken on the premise that Islam and Islamic law is to be taken into
serious consideration in any future legislative reform of laws in Malaysia. Islam being
the religion of the country and the strong religious sentiment of the Muslims (who
form the majority in Malaysia) cannot be overlooked or dismissed lightly by the
legislators in Malaysia. Reformation of intellectual property laws is timely, as we are
now approaching to the dateline set by GATF-Trips agreement which aim is to
improve our standard of intellectual property protection. This study seeks to analyze
and evaluate the current legislation pertaining to intellectual property in Malaysia in
terms of the philosophy and rules governing the existence, ownership and exercise of
these rights and their consistency and inconsistency with Islam and Islamic law. The
main objective of this study is to prove that a coherent and logical conceptual
framework of ownership of intellectual property can be derived from an Islamic
perspective which not only offers the basis of rights but also defines the scope of
these rights. From the point of ownership of rights, support can be obtained from the
normative framework of property rights within the traditional classification of 'mal'
(property) and 'haqq al-milkiyyah' (ownership rights) under Islamic law. From the
point of exercise of rights, the exact scope can be defined from the analysis of
fundamental concepts which have been developed by Muslim jurists. It has been
established that Islam and Islamic law offers a sound and systematic paradigm, which
in deeper analysis, can satisfy both our current obligations under international
treatises, as well as our responsibility to practise our religion to the fullest
The Values of Islamic Education in Surah Ar-Rum Verse 21 and Its Implications Community Life The Bataraguru Village of Baubau City
No full textThe purposes of this study are: (1) To find out the values of Islamic education in surah Ar-Rum verse 21 in the life of the Bataraguru sub-district, Baubau city; (2) To find out the implications of surah Ar-Rum verse 21 in the life of the Bataraguru village, Baubau city. The research approach used in this research is qualitative research. The technique of collecting data is carried out by observing, interviewing, and documenting. The procedure for collecting the data was by conducting research directly to the location that was used as the research target as well as collecting data by quoting the opinions of experts, then when the data was collected the writer carried out a qualitative descriptive analysis. Every research activity certainly has a population and sample. As for the population of this study were 95 people, while the sample was 10 people. The results of the study show that: (1) The people of the Bataraguru subdistrict, Baubau city, who are married already know and understand what is contained in surah Ar-Rum verse 21; (2) The implication is that the Bataraguru sub-district community, Baubau city, in general, has implemented what is contained in surah Ar-Rum verse 21. They already know and always try to apply what Sakinah family is, Mawaddah wa Rahmah
Conflict of law and the methodology of Tarjīẖ : a study in Islamic legal theory
No full textIslamic law never achieved unity but expressed itself in, at least, four surviving schools. More interestingly, contemporary Muslim communities are still divided among themselves on a number of issues related to their laws. This work describes how problem of legal conflicts have been tackled by Muslim jurists. It is an attempt to examine closely the phenomenon of conflict in Islamic law from the standpoint of usūl-al-fiqh or Islamic legal theory. In fact, much is heard nowadays of the contradiction in the body of Islamic law. Whilst in contrast, little is presented in terms of the methodology of removing this conflict. The present work therefore, attempts to redress this balance. The emphasis of the work will be concerned primarily with tarjīh methodology ; how to give preference to one piece of evidence or argument over the other when they conflict. Nevertheless, considerable concern is given to investigating the background to the conflict of law in the Shari'ah.
This study of a neglected area in Islamic legal scholarship will be an important source of reference to students, both practising and theoretical jurists or to anyone who merely wishes to increase his knowledge of legal themes, particularly legal conflict. The very aim of the work is to argue that conflict is a natural and unavoidable consequence of legal study because legal conflict is only conflicting principles and arguments adduced by both the classical and modern jurists to reach what is actually intended by God in the target case. Therefore, conflicts are inevitable in most of the cases in fiqh owing to the variety of principles set out to deal with one piece of legal evidence, let alone with all the pieces of legal evidence in question.
Tarjīh is therefore, an important and workable instrument in the re-examination of these conflicts and in arriving at the most accurate principle for establishing the law for as long as this is possible. It is hoped that the discovery of new facts and the increase of knowledge which results from the broadening and deepening of the research will positively contribute to the process of unification of Islamic law
The Readiness of Malaysian Employees in Understanding Integrity Based on the Model ‘Al-Khauf Wa Ar- Raja’
No full textThis study aims to investigate the readiness of Malaysian Employees to understand integrity based on the Model Al-Khauf Wa Ar-Raja. The objective is, a) to identify the readiness of the Malaysian Employees of the Ministry of Communications, Putrajaya, Malaysia in enforcing the principle of integrity, b) to explore the approach of monitoring by the Ministry as mentioned in managing indiscipline matters at the workplace among the employees. The authors preferred quantitative data for conducting Research Question 1 (RQ1) and qualitative data for conducting Research Question 2 (RQ2). The finding of RQ1 was obtained from the respondents (N= 200) via a questionnaire. RQ1. How to identify the readiness of the Malaysian Employees of the Ministry of Communications, Putrajaya, Malaysia in enforcing the principle of integrity? Meanwhile, RQ2 was obtained saturated data via an interview with the participants (N=3). RQ2. What is the approach of monitoring implemented by the Ministry of Communications Putrajaya, Malaysia in managing indiscipline matters at the workplace among the employees? The finding of RQ1 consists of five perspectives; a) Integrity in a workplace, 2.48 moderate level; b)Monitoring in the practice of integrity, 2.4 moderate level; c) Each organization has its circular, 2.23 low level; d) Pure value perseverance elements, 2.6 moderate level; and; e) Educating individual personalities of taqwa, 2.34 moderate level. RQ2, the approach of monitoring implemented by the Ministry of Communications Putrajaya, Malaysia in managing indiscipline matters at the workplace among the employees as majority answer such as; a) Instilling awareness integrity in a workplace; b) Being trustworthy in supporting our organization's values sincerely; and e) Avoiding lack of integrity among employees including turning a blind eye to an unethical behaviour or when they are modelling an unethical behaviour. The contribution of this study, such as the model development of the integrity for Malaysian Civil Servants
Development and Evaluation of an Augmented Reality Chiller System Simulator for TVET Teaching
No full textThis study investigates the potential of Augmented Reality (AR) technology to enhance teaching quality in courses on Water Cooled Chillers and Air-Cooled Chillers. It addresses the critical need for more interactive and engaging learning experiences, particularly for students in skills-based institutions who often exhibit a preference for visual and kinesthetic learning styles. Highlighting the importance of diversifying teaching methods, this research aims to improve student engagement and deepen their understanding of complex subject matter. Utilizing the ADDIE design model, the study develops an AR simulator and assesses its effectiveness through a questionnaire distributed to students from three vocational colleges. A descriptive analysis method was employed to evaluate the data, with the research instrument demonstrating a high reliability value (α = 0.890). The findings reveal significant levels of perceived usefulness (M = 4.34), ease of use (M = 4.36), and positive attitudes (M = 4.25) towards the AR simulator. Consequently, the study concludes that AR technology is highly accepted among vocational college students, recommending the broader incorporation of AR technology in vocational education to enhance the efficacy of the teaching and learning process
Profit-Sharing Deposit Accounts in Islamic Banking: Analysing the Perceptions and Attitudes of the Malaysian Depositors
No full textIslamic banking deposits are fundamentally structured in a different way than the conventional banking deposits. Each type of Islamic banking deposits, such as savings, demand, and timed deposits, is devised using the approved Shari’ah contracts such as qard, wadiah, murabahah, and mudarabah. These contracts are opposed to the conventional concepts, as they are based on the concept of a ‘lender-borrower’ relationship. In addition, the Shari’ah-approved contracts are unique as they feature a different nature of risk and return. This is especially the case for mudarabah contracts (henceforth referred to as profit-sharing contracts). The uniqueness of profit-sharing contracts in deposit products has been given due recognition in theory and also in practice, as most of the Islamic banks in Malaysia offered this product. In addition, the unique features and characteristics of profit-sharing based deposit accounts are also highlighted in the prudential standards issued by prominent regulatory bodies such as AAOIFI and IFSB which, have been adopted by the Bank Negara Malaysia (Central Bank of Malaysia).
Nevertheless, it is argued by many Islamic banks practitioners, especially in Malaysia, that the concept of profit-sharing in deposits products is not practical in reality, because the depositors do not behave according to, nor accept the principles that have been laid down in the Shari’ah. Thus it is argued that both the depositors and the Islamic bankers have treated the product similar to any other conventional banking deposits products.
The main aim of this study, hence, is to explore and examine the level of awareness, knowledge, perceptions, and attitude of the Islamic banking depositors in Malaysia towards characteristics of profit-sharing deposits accounts in accordance with the fundamental Shari’ah principles but also the regulations prevailing. In addition, this research also attempts to explore the significant determinant factors that encourage the depositors to engage with Islamic banking deposits accounts in general and profit-sharing deposits accounts in particular.
In fulfilling the aim of the study, primary data collection research was adopted through a survey questionnaire technique. The questionnaires were distributed to eight Islamic banks representing various types of Islamic banks in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor. The questionnaire asked various pertinent questions, which intended to elicit the depositors’ opinions, perceptions, and attitudes towards the unique characteristics of profit-sharing contract as specified in Shari’ah muamalah principles. The characteristics among others are: (i) concept of uncertain deposits returns; (ii) concept of non-guarantee for the deposits; (iii) concept of profit equalization reserve. A total 649 of the returned questionnaires were complete and fit for analysis purpose. The data were analysed using various statistical analysis techniques ranging from simple frequency distribution analysis to the more advanced analyses such as non-parametric statistical analysis, factor analysis, and logistic regression.
In general, the results of the study show that the level of awareness of the need to have Islamic banking deposits accounts because of religious reasons is considered as high among the Malaysian depositors. Nevertheless, the results also indicate that a high level of awareness is not being translated into a high level of understanding concerning the objectives of the products which are structured in accordance to the Shari’ah-compliant contracts. This can be seen in the major findings of this study: the characteristics of profit-sharing contracts, which arguably are the most desirable Shari’ah-compliant contracts, are not acceptable to the depositors. This indirectly implies that they are still strongly influenced by the nature of conventional banking products. In addition, the logistics regression results further proved that related factors (‘financial services’ and ‘income’) emerged as the main determinants in creating demand for profit-sharing deposits accounts.
The results of the research should draw the attention of the Islamic bankers and also the regulators to finding ways for improving the level of understanding among the depositors. However, the critical successful factor in educating the depositors is highly dependent on the level of knowledge exhibited by the Islamic bankers themselves, which can be a real concern as highlighted by the findings of this study
EKSTREMISM ISLAM DI ALAM MELAYU: Satu pengenalan
No full textFrom the outset, Islamization process of the Malay world had transpire in the peaceful manner. This peaceful atmosphere continues to run until the advent of Western colonial powers. Recently, the phenomenon of extremism has grown to Malay world. It has been defame Islam and the Malay world region. On the basis of that, this study will analyze this so called Islamic extremism through Maqasid’s method. As a result, it is proven that such religious extremism is contrary to the teachings of Islam as well as the culture of Malay world
Investigating the influence of using smart devices on the ocular accommodative response
No full textPurpose : Despite the ubiquity of smart devices little is known about their eect on the
ocular accommodative response (AR). Given the signicant variation in the display
specications of smart devices it is likely that the AR varies between devices. The study
rstly examines how AR varies when viewing standardised targets on dierent smart
devices and secondly examines the eect of varying target designs on AR.
Methods : In this prospective, repeated measures study AR was investigated during two
separate experiments utilizing the same protocol. For the rst experiment, evaluation of
AR was preformed when participants viewed a single near target (veranda N5 letters) on
three dierent platforms (paper, smartphone and smartwatch). During the second
experiment participants viewed three dierent targets (Maltese cross, N5 letters and N20
letters) on a single platform. AR was recorded in real time using the WAM-5500 (Grand
Seiko Co. Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan) with a badal lens system. The platforms were mounted
on a motorised ipper system allowing accommodation demand to be altered between 0
and 3 dioptres. AR metrics were derived using sigmoidal regression curves from the
accommodative response stimulus curve.
Results : Fifty-eight participants (26 males) with a median age of 21 years (Q =19 and
Q =26) were assessed. Accommodative lag was reduced when subjects viewed the target
on the smartwatch when compared to the paper (Z=2.765,p=0.017) and smartphone
1
3
(Z=2.956,p=0.009). Accommodative latency was slower with both the smartphone
(Z=-4.215, p<0.0005) and smartwatch (Z=-4.496, p<0.0005) relative to the paper platform.
Accommodative lag was reduced when viewing the N5 letters in comparison with the N20
letters (Z=-2.670, p=0.023) and Maltese cross (Z=3.623, p=0.001). Accommodative latency
was faster with the N20 letters (Z=2.435, p=0.045) relative to the N5 target.
Conclusions : The results from this study demonstrated dierences in AR when viewing a
letter target on paper, smartphone and smartwatch. Furthermore, the type of target that is
displayed on a smartphone is shown to inuence both accommodative lag and latency.
This is an abstract that was submitted for the 2018 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in
Honolulu, Hawaii, April 29 - May 3, 2018
