203 research outputs found
Corrigendum: Domestic Workers’ Treatment under Ethiopian and South African Laws by Diriba Mangasha Dabala and Abdata Abebe Sefara
No full textAdverse birth outcome: a comparative analysis between cesarean section and vaginal delivery at Felegehiwot Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a retrospective record review [Corrigendum]
No full textAbebe Eyowas F, Negasi AK, Aynalem GE, Worku AG. Pediatric Health, Medicine and Therapeutics. 2016;7:65–70On page 65 Abel Fekadu Dadi should have been listed as an author. The incorrect author list was:Fantu Abebe Eyowas1Ashebir Kidane Negasi1Gizachew Eyassu Aynalem1Abebaw Gebeyehu Worku2The correct author list should have been:Fantu Abebe Eyowas1Ashebir Kidane Negasi1Gizachew Eyassu Aynalem1Abebaw Gebeyehu Worku2Abel Fekadu Dadi2Read the original articl
Delineating limits of exclusive right of owner or author of a music under Ethiopian Copyright law: The case of music mashup
Get PDFThe strikes to a delicate balance between the interests of authors and other rights holders in the
control and exploitation of their works on the one hand, and society's competing interest in the
free flow of ideas, information, and commerce, on the other hand, is the main purpose of the
copyright regime. Yet, technology is modifying the production and distribution patterns of
copyrighted works, as well as consumer habits. The purpose of this study is to delineate the limit
of exclusive rights of the copyright holder of music under Ethiopian copyright law.. As to the
methodology, the research will apply a mixed research approach. The study will follow the
qualitative approach of data collection tools to get the primary source which is the copyright
proclamation and interview the Ethiopian music copyright and Neighboring right collective
management Organization established by the copyright amendment proclamation and Ethiopian
Intellectual property Office. Books, articles, research, as well as journals, are used as secondary
sources. The study found that the affirmative defense against the exclusive right of musical
composers excludes the music mashup. Thus, unauthorized music mashup infringes the exclusive
rights of musical work in one way and it encourages further creativity if it has done with the
lawful authorization from the copyright holder by balancing the right of the musical author and
encouraging new creation. However, the body established to administer the right of musicians
collectively does not propose anything toward balancing the interest of copyright holders of
music and encouraging new creativity through mashups. Finally, the researcher suggests that
the EMCCMO should work effectively to protect the exclusive right of copyright holders without
affecting the future creation of music
Risks of Early Mortality and Associated Factors at Adult Emergency Department of Jimma University Medical Center
No full textFikadu Abebe,1 Asaminew Habtamu,2 Abdata Workina2 1Midwifery School, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; 2Nursing School, Jimma University, Jimma, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Fikadu Abebe, Midwifery School, Jimma University, P.O. Box-378, Jimma, Oromia Region, Ethiopia, Tel +251 917551121, Email [email protected]: Mortality in the emergency department is still high in developing countries with resources scarce. Most of emergency department mortality occurred within the first three days; the majority of these deaths are avoidable with proper intervention. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the mortality risks and therapeutic benefits of early and late death.Methods: Case-control study approach with 87 cases and 174 controls (case to control ratio of 1:2) was used on 261 study participants. Data were extracted from the patient charts using a pretested extraction tool. Then, checked data were entered into Epi-data manager 4.6 versions and analyzed using SPSS 25 versions. Binary logistic regression was used to construct bivariate and multivariable analyses following the descriptive analysis. Finally, a predictor variable in the multivariate logistic regression was deemed to have a significant association if its P-value was less than 0.05 at a 95% confidence level.Results: Patients who were triaged into the red zone had a 2.3-fold greater risk of dying early than those who were placed in another triage category [(AOR=2.3; 95% CI: 1.10, 5.55) P=0.001]. Besides, having cardiovascular disease (AOR=4.79; 95% CI: 1.73, 13.27), age ≥ 65 years [(AOR=3.2; 95% CI: 1.74, 7.23) P=0.003)], having rural residency (AOR=6.57; 95% CI: 1.39, 31.13), and having been diagnosed with respiratory failure [(AOR=3.2; 95% CI: 1.04, 7.69), P=0.013)] were associated with early mortality.Conclusion: The common causes of early mortality were respiratory failure, cardiovascular disease, and road traffic accident. Being aged, having rural residence, being triaged into red zone, and diagnosed for respiratory failure and cardiac failure increase early mortality compared with late death.Graphical Abstract: Keywords: early death, resuscitation, late mortality, comorbidit
Trans Rights: A detailed analysis of access to gender affirming treatments by minors and the differing approaches taken by Member States in the European Union
No full textIn this paper the author will be discussing the varying approaches by Member States in the European Union regarding the rights of Minors to access/undertake gender affirming treatments. This paper shall have a particular focus on the varying approaches taken by the Republic of Ireland, United Kingdom and the Netherlands in minors having access to gender affirming treatments. The Netherlands has developed a protocol for gender affirming intervention which has been deemed to be the benchmark for providing treatment for minors suffering from gender dysphoria. The protocol developed by the Netherland vastly differs from other Member States such as the United Kingdom and Ireland. The basis for the differing views by such member states lies on the basis of health officials that intervention can be a detriment to minors instead of having a benefit. The varying approaches by Member States raises the question of what can be considered to be the appropriate approach to be undertaken in providing gender affirming treatment to minors and the lines that must be drawn between what can be considered in what is deemed to be providing minors with the right to receive appropriate care against what can be considered to be medical malpractice
The Case for Employee Board Level Representation in Ethiopian Corporate Governance System
Get PDFThe participation of workers in the management of companies brings benefits. Many European jurisdictions have recognized workers’ involvement in the management of firms in diverse forms and to varying degrees. The board level representation is believed to be the strongest of all the mechanisms. In some jurisdictions the laws require a full and legally mandated representation of employees in supervisory boards of the largest firms. Several other countries also have corporate laws that allow the representation of workers in a board room. As a result, a recent discourse in corporate governance deals with a multi stakeholders including the labour. However, the mainstream corporate governance discourse in Ethiopia is restricted to discussions mainly from the perspective of shareholders. By disregarding employees as stakeholders in corporate governance of their firms, Ethiopian laws stand in a sharp contrast to the approach of corporate governance that allows a board level representation of firms’ workers. This article shall, by examining experiences of some European jurisdictions and analyzing the relevant Ethiopian legislations, questions whether Ethiopia's prohibition of board level employee representation in corporate governance of share companies is justified. It also inquires whether the European style of employee board level participation is feasible in Ethiopia or an alternative (practical) style of employees’ board level participation should be crafted. Keywords: Corporate governance, board structure, employee representation, Ethiopia DOI: 10.7176/JLPG/84-02 Publication date: April 30th 201
Opinion Dynamics Optimization by Varying Susceptibility to Persuasion via Non-Convex Local Search
Get PDFA long line of work in social psychology has studied variations in people's susceptibility to persuasion - the extent to which they are willing to modify their opinions on a topic. This body of literature suggests an interesting perspective on theoretical models of opinion formation by interacting parties in a network: in addition to considering interventions that directly modify people's intrinsic opinions, it is also natural to consider interventions that modify people's susceptibility to persuasion.In this work, motivated by this fact, we propose an influence optimization problem. Specifically, we adopt a popular model for social opinion dynamics, where each agent has some fixed innate opinion, and a resistance that measures the importance it places on its innate opinion; agents influence one another's opinions through an iterative process. Under certain conditions, this iterative process converges to some equilibrium opinion vector. For the unbudgeted variant of the problem, the goal is to modify the resistance of any number of agents (within some given range) such that the sum of the equilibrium opinions is minimized; for the budgeted variant, in addition the algorithm is given upfront a restriction on the number of agents whose resistance may be modified.We prove that the objective function is in general non-convex. Hence, formulating the problem as a convex program as in an early version of this work (Abebe et al., KDD'18) might have potential correctness issues. We instead analyze the structure of the objective function, and show that any local optimum is also a global optimum, which is somehow surprising as the objective function might not be convex. Furthermore, we combine the iterative process and the local search paradigm to design very efficient algorithms that can solve the unbudgeted variant of the problem optimally on large-scale graphs containing millions of nodes. Finally, we propose and evaluate experimentally a family of heuristics for the budgeted variant of the problem. © 2021 held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM
Domestic Workers’ Treatment under Ethiopian and South African Laws
Get PDFToday domestic workers’ treatment across the globe differs substantially depending on the availability of the appropriate legal regime and the actual implementation of these laws. It is undeniable that there are huge differences in enacting laws to ensure respect for the rights of domestic workers between Ethiopia and South Africa. On the contrary, although Ethiopia has obligations under the International Labour Organization (hereinafter referred to as the ILO) conventions and national laws, so far, Ethiopia has not adopted any legislative measures to recognize domestic workers. However, one thing certainly describes both countries in a similar vogue; that is, regardless of differences in terms of having legal regimes to protect domestic workers, a practical and close examination of the life of domestic workers on the ground in both countries appears the same it is oppressive and characterized by exploitation. Though South Africa performed better concerning formulating enactments that are pertinent to ensure the protection of the rights of domestic workers that could perhaps serve as caveats for Ethiopia yet, practically both countries are not living up to their obligations and international standards especially the ILO Convention No. 189 on Decent Work for Domestic Workers and its Antecedents, and other international human rights treaties.
Emergent trends in the reported incidence of prostate cancer in Nigeria
Get PDFGodwin O Ifere1, Fisseha Abebe2, Godwin A Ananaba1,31Department of Biological Sciences, 2Department of Mathematical Sciences, 3Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, USABackground: To date there has not been any nationwide age-standardized incidence data reported for prostate cancer in Nigeria. We examined and integrated diverse trends in the age-specific incidence of prostate cancer into a comprehensive trend for Nigeria, and examined how best the existing data could generate a countrywide age-standardized incidence rate for the disease.Methods: Data were obtained from studies undertaken between 1970 and 2007 in referral hospital-based cancer registries. Records from at least one tertiary hospital in each of the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria were examined retrospectively. Data were also reported for the rural population in cross-sectional prospective studies. Age-standardized incidence rates and the annual incidence of disease were calculated.Results: Higher incidence rates for prostate cancer during this period were recorded for patients aged 60–69 years and 70–79 years, with a lower incidence rate for patients aged younger than 50 years. An exponential annual incidence rate of disease was observed in the 50–79 year age group and peaked at 70–79 years before dropping again at age 80 years. The results showed metastasis in more than half of these hospital-based prostate tumors.Conclusion: Our results suggest that prostate cancer occurs at a relatively young age in Nigerians and that hospital-based registry reports may not appropriately reflect the incidence of the disease in Nigeria. A countrywide screening program is urgently needed. Finally, the difference in reported stages of disease found in Nigerians and African-Americans versus Caucasians suggests biological differences in the prognosis. Nigeria may thus typify one of the ancestral populations that harbor inherited genes predisposing African-Americans to high-risk prostate cancer.Keywords: prostate cancer, annual age-standardized incidence rate, Nigeria cancer registr
Analyzing ethiopia banking sector credit policy Against environmetally sustainable lending:- Comparative study of selected asia and africa Countries
Get PDFThe very essence оf this study i s investigаting Ethiорiа Bаnks lending роliсy аnd regulаtiоns
аgаinst envirоnmentаl sustainability.The motivation behind this analysis is that environmental
sustainability regulated under Ethiopia EIA proclamation,Ethiopia Investment proclamation and
other national directives lacks adequacy to protect environmental sustainability.On top of this
Ethiорiа is signаtоry tо mаny different glоbаl envirоnmentаl treаting аnd рrоtосоls, frоm
Riо 1992 Eаrth Summit tо СОР 15 Раris сlimаte сhаnge аgreement. The research
question rised by the researcher is that whether Ethiорiаn bаnks lending роliсy ассоmmоdаte
envirоnmentаl sustainability in рrоviding lоаn and the existence of policy at the national level
that requires the financial sector of the country to promote environmental sustainable lending.Tо
асhieve the stаted оbjeсtive оf the study the reseаrсher emрlоyed dосtrinаl аnd соmраrаtive
reseаrсh аррrоасhes.The study has selected certain countries jurisdiction for comparative study
through employing the purposive technique.Ассоrdingly the reseаrсher соnsulted envirоnmentаl
sustаinаbility роliсy аnd regulаtiоns оf сertаin develорing соuntries frоm different regiоns оf the
wоrld like Сhinа,Bаnglаdesh,Nigeriа,Mоngоliа аndSоuthАfriса.The study revealed that there is
no any visible policy law that mandate Ethiopia banks to integrate environmental sustainability
in banks credit operations.Finally the researcher recommended the Ethiopia Minister of
Finance(MoF),National Bank of Ethiopia and Ethiopia Commercial Banks to enact Ethiopia
environmental sustainable finance principle,environmental sustainable banking guideline,self
regulatory environmental sustainable credit guideline respectivel
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