13 research outputs found
Ultra High-Speed Signaling and Return on Technology Investment (ROTI) for the Electrical Interconnects Sector
No full textDemand for smaller platform sizes with increasing bandwidth has driven crosstalk problems that prevent bus performance to scale with Moore’s Law. Several approaches to reduce crosstalk such as the use of shields, differential links, and equalizers have been rejected due to higher cost and power required to overcome the signal integrity impediments at Gigahertz data rates. Eigen-mode signaling based on modal decomposition techniques is the most recent method to mitigate crosstalk that can potentially satisfy the demand for higher data rates from modern technology industry.
The goal of this research is to allow maximum dense routing between packages on PCBs and to maximize bus bandwidth per unit volume for small form factors at high data rates. Crosstalk became a significant problem in interconnect designs that limit data rates and routing densities. A modal decomposition technique is an alternative approach to reduce crosstalk where each mode carries a single bit of data. Studies show this concept is capable of mitigating crosstalk with achievable dense routing and higher bandwidth. Nevertheless, the complexity of this method leads to higher cost in terms of power needed and additional circuit implementation that makes it too high to be an alternative method to replace traditional binary signaling. “Crosstalk Harnessed Signaling” (CHS) is another possible technique to reduce the complexity of modal decomposition. This technique was invented to encode data so that each bit is spread across multiple conductors such that crosstalk becomes part of the signal and can be removed during decode. A CHS concept is a possible choice to mitigate crosstalk with higher densely routing, higher bandwidth and less complexity compared to existing Eigen-mode signaling techniques.
In this research, 3D novel routing will be introduced to maximize cross-sectional density by \u3e10X and bandwidth gains of up to 31X for 4 layer matrix at DDR4 4266MT/s by implementing a CHS concept. In this proposal, the research will demonstrate the advantages of 3D CHS routing over 2D CHS routing with simulations that include performance, efficiency, speed, cost and power to maximize bandwidth per unit volume. This research will also consider other geometric configurations that can potentially increase the bandwidth per unit volume by altering trace thickness, 3D layout topologies, material properties and spacing. Cost is always a core factor to drive the acceptance of novel engineering concepts into the market. Thus, Return On Investment (ROI) studies will be part of this research and will include implementation of the CHS concept into small form factor devices, cables and connectors
A FPGA threshold-based fall detection algorithm for elderly fall monitoring with verilog
No full textFall is one of the leading causes of accidental or unintentional injury deaths worldwide due to serious injuries such as head traumas and hip fractures. As life expectancy improved, the rapid increase in aging population implied the need for the development of vital sign detector such as fall detector to help elderly in seeking for medical attention. Immediate rescue could prevent victims from the risk of suspension trauma and reduce the mortality rate among elderly population due to fall accident effectively. This paper presents the development of FPGA-based fall detection algorithm using a threshold-based analytical method. The proposed algorithm is to minimize the rate of false positive fall detection proposed from other researchers by including the non-fall events in the data analysis. Based on the performance evaluation, the proposed algorithm successfully achieved a sensitivity of 97.45% and specificity of 97.38%. The proposed algorithm was able to differentiate fall events and non-fall events effectively, except for fast lying and fall that ending with sitting position. The proposed algorithm shows a good result and the performance of the proposed algorithm can be further improved by using an additional gyroscope to detect the posture of the lower body part
Empowering Malaysia’s Youth: Assessing the Impact of STEM Education
No full textThe objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of a Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) initiative in attaining the objectives specified in Malaysia\u27s Education Development Plan (PPPM) 2013- 2025. This study emphasises the significance of incorporating STEM education in Malaysia, with a specific focus on its contribution to the development of analytical thinking, problem-solving abilities, and creative thinking among the youth. The focus of this study is specifically directed towards the country of Malaysia. This underscores the need to employ a comprehensive and interdisciplinary methodology while developing a strategy The present study involves the analysis of replies provided by participants enrolled in a STEM education program. The dataset comprises demographic data of students spanning from Forms 1 to 5, together with information pertaining to their levels of interest in STEM. The analysis of post-program surveys indicates a notable increase in agreement and high agreement, particularly in the subjects of Mathematics and Engineering. This trend suggests an increasing level of enthusiasm among individuals toward pursuing careers in the STEM disciplines. A large majority (78%) of participants said the program influenced their future STEM interests, especially in engineering
Machine learning modeling of power delivery networks with varying decoupling capacitors
No full textThis paper presents modeling of power delivery network (PDN) impedance with vary-ing decoupling capacitor placements using machine learning techniques. The use of multilayer perceptron artificial neural networks (ANN) and gaussian process regres-sion (GPR) techniques are explored, and the effects of the hyperparameters such as the number of hidden neurons in the ANN, and the choice of kernel functions in the GPR are investigated. The best performing networks in each case are selected and compared in terms of accuracy using test data consisting of PDN impedance responses that were never encountered during training. Results show that the GPR models were significantly more accurate than the ANN models, with an average mean absolute error of 5.23 mΩ compared to 11.33 mΩ for the ANN
Progress in Neural Network Based Techniques for Signal Integrity Analysis–a Survey
No full textWith the increase in data rates, signal integrity analysis has become more time and memory intensive. Simulation tools such as 3D electromagnetic field solvers can be accurate but slow, whereas Faster models such as design equations and equivalent circuit models lack accuracy. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have recently gained popularity in the RF and microwave circuit modeling community as a new modeling tool. This has in turn spurred progress towards applications of neural networks in signal integrity. A neural network can learn from a set of data generated during the design process. It can then be used as a Fast and accurate modeling tool to replace conventional approaches. This paper reviews the recent advancement of neural networks in the area of signal integrity modeling. Key advancements are considered, particularly those that assist the ability of the neural network to cope with an increasing number of inputs and handle large amounts of data
Moderating Effects of Personality Traits On Online Learning Transition and Acceptance Among Culinary Arts Students
No full text Many Higher Education Institution (HEI) students had to make an immediate change to online learning from the conventional face-to-face mode due to the COVID-19 pandemic and Movement Control Order (MCO) imposed by the government. Learning practical courses such as Culinary Arts via online without application or practical work generated bigger challenges for HEIs. It was emphasised that Culinary Arts education depends predominantly on hands-on application and training. The purpose of this study is to investigate Culinary Arts program students’ acceptance of online learning methods (hands-on learning at home) and how the Big Five Personality Traits (BFPT) could have an impact on the relationship. A total of 234 responses from Culinary Arts based program students of six (6) HEIs in Malaysia were obtained and analysed using SPSS statistical software. Findings showed that students were able to accept the transition in learning from face-to-face to online learning. However, it was found that BFPT did not have a significant moderating impact on the relationship between Learning Transition and Online Learning Acceptance. The results could help HEIs in adapting to the new Learning Transition without compromising the quality of the graduates and the curriculum set by the institutions. In addition, the results of this study could enhance further investigations on Online Learning Acceptance to a wider scope and type of study programs
Development of 2.4 GHz/3.5 GHz Bowtie Slot Antenna for 5G Communication System
No full textDriven by the rapid growth and advancements in 5G communication, this research presents the the design, development, and optimization of of dual-band bowtie slot antenna integrated with asymmetrical coplanar waveguide (ACPW) and defected ground structure (DGS). Several combinations and different shape of DGS, such as rectangular and circular slots were studied and compared in this research work. Operating at the crucial Wi-Fi frequency (2.4 GHz) and 5G frequency (3.5 GHz), the antenna\u27s performance, particularly the reflection coefficient, was significantly improved by the inclusion of the DGS. A parametric study confirmed the DGS\u27s positive impact on the simulated impedance matching, reflection coefficient (reaching almost -70 dB in all design with DGS) and bandwidth. The best resuts were given by the bowtie slot antenna integrated with rectangular and circular slots, the reflection coefficient is -70.1 dB (2.4 GHz) and -59.5 dB (3.5 GHz). The -10 dB bandwidths are 602 MHz (2.4 GHz) with fractional bandwidth around 25% and 848 MHz (3.5 GHz) with fractional bandwidth around 24.2%. It was found that the excellent reflection coefficient performance is due to the disruption of surface current distribution caused by the defected structure on the ground plane. The surface current was forced to flow surrounding the DGS, causing it to peak along the DGS edges. Placement of the DGS is also important as it was found that positioning it under the feedline helps to minimize the antenna’s mutual coupling
Investigating Students’ Acceptance Towards Blog
No full textAbstractBased on previous research, TAM is widely confirmed to measure students’ acceptance towards technologies in education; however, there is little research to study the difference effects on moderator factor especially ICT literacy level. Therefore this study aims to investigate the difference effect on ICT literacy of the students toward blog acceptance. Seventy-eight business students were involved in this study adopted the well-known model of TAM plus perceived playfulness as another predictor. The result reveals there is no significant difference between groups of student with high and low ICT literacy. But the TAM model is once again confirmed in this study. On the other hand, both groups show significant difference with regard to intention to use blog, where students with high ICT literacy have more positive and significant relationship
