240 research outputs found
Pioneers of Library Movement in Pakistan
Get PDFThe paper aims to describe in brief the contribution of seven leaders of Pakistan librarianship, viz. K.B. Khalifa M. Asadullah, Prof. Dr. Abdul Moid, Dr. Abdus Subuh Qasimi, Muhammad Shafi, Fazal Elahi, Khawaja Nur Elahi and S. V. Hussain. The early library developments are given for better understanding of the role of these leaders
Hydraulic simulations to evaluate and predict design and operation of the Chashma Right Bank Canal
Get PDFIrrigation systems / Irrigation canals / Flow control / Velocity / Canal regulation techniques / Hydraulics / Simulation models / Design / Operations / Crop-based irrigation / Distributary canals / Water delivery / Policy / Protective irrigation / Water allocation / Water requirements / Sedimentation / Water distribution / Equity / Water conveyance / Pakistan / Chashma Right Bank Canal
Non-infectious subcutaneous emphysema of the hand: a case report and review of the literature.
No full textSubcutaneous emphysema in the hand can result from infectious and non-infectious aetiologies. Adequate history, physical examination, laboratory studies and imaging are needed to delineate the cause, to prevent debilitating consequences and to avoid unnecessary procedures and interventions. In this case report, an 18-year-old man sustained a trauma to the dorsum of the hand after a fist fight, without any penetrating objects, that resulted in instantaneous non-infectious subcutaneous emphysema which resolved with conservative management. A literature review of cases of non-infectious subcutaneous emphysema is presented here with an overview of the mechanism of injury, as well as the course and management. Certain criteria are also outlined to help differentiate between infectious and non-infectious emphysema, which include laboratory studies, imaging, timing and clinical symptoms.Brothers TE, 1998, J AM COLL SURGEONS, V187, P416, DOI 10.1016-S1072-7515(98)00192-6; Canter HI, 2000, ANN PLAS SURG, V45, P337; Capes JO, 1999, J ORAL MAXIL SURG, V57, P996, DOI 10.1016-S0278-2391(99)90024-1; CLAVIJOALVAREZ JA, 2009, PLAST RECONSTR SURG, V123; CRIBIER B, 1993, ANN DERMATOL VENER, V120, P900; De M, 2001, EMERG MED J, V18, P522, DOI 10.1136-emj.18.6.522; EYRES KS, 1993, J HAND SURG-BRIT EUR, V18B, P251, DOI 10.1016-0266-7681(93)90122-V; GOETTING AT, 1992, J OCCUP ENVIRON MED, V34, P775, DOI 10.1097-00043764-199208000-00010; GREENSTONE M, 1987, CHEST, V92, P155, DOI 10.1378-chest.92.1.155; Klein M, 2003, MEDICINA-BUENOS AIRE, V63, P721; Lanting Brent, 2007, Clin Orthop Relat Res, V461, P20; Mahirogullari M, 2008, JOINT BONE SPINE, V75, P84, DOI 10.1016-j.jbspin.2007.02.007; MAYNOR M, 2009, NECROTIZING FASCIITI; Ozalay M, 2003, ARCH ORTHOP TRAUM SU, V123, P433, DOI 10.1007-s00402-003-0566-0; PARMAKSIZOGLU F, J EMERGENCY MED, DOI DOI 10.1016-J.JERMERMED.2008.03.043; SAGUI M, 1986, Journal de Radiologie (Paris), V67, P827; Saray A, 2004, Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir, V36, P255, DOI 10.1055-s-2004-817794; SAVIC B, 1979, ZBL CHIR, V104, P180; Schulz B, 2008, ORTHOPEDICS, V31, P495; Shahshahani Mostafa Mirshams, 2006, Dermatol Online J, V12, P4; SINGH H, 2002, ASIAN OCEANIAN J RAD, V7, P157; Lo SJ, 2005, J HAND SURG-BRIT EUR, V30B, P482, DOI 10.1016-j.jhsb.2005.04.020; STEVENSON J, 1995, INJURY, V26, P151, DOI 10.1016-0020-1383(95)93491-Y; Tiong W H C, 2009, J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg, V62, pe29, DOI 10.1016-j.bjps.2007.11.002; van der Molen ABM, 1999, J HAND SURG-AM, V24A, P638; Verma SB, 2007, J EUR ACAD DERMATOL, V21, P248, DOI 10.1111-j.1468-3083.2006.01823.x; Wall DB, 2000, J AM COLL SURGEONS, V191, P227, DOI 10.1016-S1072-7515(00)00318-5; Wells D T, 1976, Hand, V8, P62; WINSHALL JS, 2005, NEW ENGL J MED, V52, P1357; Wysoki MG, 1997, RADIOLOGY, V203, P85921
Comparison of the Effects of Three Haemodialysis Membranes on Vancomycin Disposition
No full textAuthor: Alwakeel J. Huraib S. & Abu-Aisha H., From Department of 'Medicine',
Author: Najjar T.A.A, & Al-Yamani M.J., From 'Clinical Pharmacv'
Author: Al-Haider A., From 'Pharmacology College of Medicine', King Khalid University Hospital; College of Pharmacy, King Saud University. Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaPolysulfone (PSF) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) were recently introduced haemodialysis
(HD) membranes. The effect of each on vancomycin disposition was compared
with cuprophan (SCE) in 12 chronic HD patients who received 14 infusions.
Vancomycin (1 g) was infused over 1 hour, followed by three 4-hour HD sessions
over 5 days, beginning 1 hour after the end of infusion. The intradialylic clearances
of vancomycin were 73, 54 and 15 mlAnui for PSF, PAN and SCE, respectively. At
the end of the third HD session, vancomycin concentration dropped to subtherapeutic
level (<7.5 ug/ml) only in patients dialysed with PSF and PAN. The corresponding
elimination half-lives ( t L CP) were 61, 60 and 86 hours for the three membranes, respectively.
According to these findings, vancomycin should be given every three HD
sessions for PSF and PAN. The dosage interval should be extended up to every 5 HD
sessions for patients on SCE The peal; (mcan±S.D.) obtained one hour after the end
of infusion was 34.2±11.4 tig/ml, which is within the therapeutic range
Therapeutic targeting of Integrin v 6 in breast cancer
Get PDFBACKGROUND: Integrin ?v?6 promotes migration, invasion, and survival of cancer cells; however, the relevance and role of ?v?6 has yet to be elucidated in breast cancer.METHODS: Protein expression of integrin subunit beta6 (?6) was measured in breast cancers by immunohistochemistry (n > 2000) and ITGB6 mRNA expression measured in the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium dataset. Overall survival was assessed using Kaplan Meier curves, and bioinformatics statistical analyses were performed (Cox proportional hazards model, Wald test, and Chi-square test of association). Using antibody (264RAD) blockade and siRNA knockdown of ?6 in breast cell lines, the role of ?v?6 in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) biology (expression, proliferation, invasion, growth in vivo) was assessed by flow cytometry, MTT, Transwell invasion, proximity ligation assay, and xenografts (n ? 3), respectively. A student's t-test was used for two variables; three-plus variables used one-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni's Multiple Comparison Test. Xenograft growth was analyzed using linear mixed model analysis, followed by Wald testing and survival, analyzed using the Log-Rank test. All statistical tests were two sided.RESULTS: High expression of either the mRNA or protein for the integrin subunit ?6 was associated with very poor survival (HR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.19 to 2.15, P = .002) and increased metastases to distant sites. Co-expression of ?6 and HER2 was associated with worse prognosis (HR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.16 to 3.35, P = .01). Monotherapy with 264RAD or trastuzumab slowed growth of MCF-7/HER2-18 and BT-474 xenografts similarly (P < .001), but combining 264RAD with trastuzumab effectively stopped tumor growth, even in trastuzumab-resistant MCF-7/HER2-18 xenografts.CONCLUSIONS: Targeting ?v?6 with 264RAD alone or in combination with trastuzumab may provide a novel therapy for treating high-risk and trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer patients.<br/
The ‘Galilean Style in Science’ and the Inconsistency of Linguistic Theorising
No full textChomsky’s principle of epistemological tolerance says that in theoretical linguistics contradictions between the data and the hypotheses may be temporarily tolerated in order to protect the explanatory power of the theory. The paper raises the following problem: What kinds of contradictions may be tolerated between the data and the hypotheses in theoretical linguistics? First a model of paraconsistent logic is introduced which differentiates between week and strong contradiction. As a second step, a case study is carried out which exemplifies that the principle of epistemological tolerance may be interpreted as the tolerance of week contradiction. The third step of the argumentation focuses on another case study which exemplifies that the principle of epistemological tolerance must not be interpreted as the tolerance of strong contradiction. The reason for the latter insight is the unreliability and the uncertainty of introspective data. From this finding the author draws the conclusion that it is the integration of different data types that may lead to the improvement of current theoretical linguistics and that the integration of different data types requires a novel methodology which, for the time being, is not available
Normalisierungsstrategien in der Rhetorik der FPÖ: die politische Alchemie, Kritik in Unterstützung zu verwandeln
Get PDF'In der Phase ihres Aufstiegs entwickelten die Freiheitlichen unter Jörg Haider ein auffallendes Geschick, Kritik an ihren fremdenfeindlichen Kampagnen und wiederholten rechtsradikalen Ausritten nicht nur weitgehend unbeschadet zu überstehen, sondern darüber hinaus sogar umzukehren und für die eigene Profilierung zu nützen. Die rhetorische Immunisierung erreichten sie mit Hilfe eines Komplexes von strategischen Diskurspraktiken, welche sich um das von ihnen installierte Schlagwort 'Ausgrenzung' organisierten: Aus dem Umstand, dass Bundeskanzler Vranitzky eine Koalition mit Haider ausschloss, leiteten sie die Behauptung ab, sie würden in undemokratischer Weise 'ausgegrenzt'. Der Autor untersucht einerseits die Funktionsweise dieser Unterstellung, andererseits Aspekte freiheitlicher Anstrengungen, den Begriff im allgemeinen Sprachgebrauch zu etablieren, und beleuchtet ihre Beziehung zu anderen hegemonialpolitischen Taktiken, wie der systematischen Diskreditierung kritischer Stimmen oder der Enteignung und Umdeutung gegnerischer politischer Themen und Diskurselemente. Diese beeinflussten in den 90er Jahren erfolgreich den Deutungsrahmen öffentlicher Debatten und damit die Wahrnehmung politischer Problemlagen in Österreich.' (Autorenreferat)'During their rapid rise the Austrian Freedom Party (FPÖ) under J. Haider developed an uncommon ability to escape public criticism of their xenophobic campaigns and regular far-right, revisionist remarks. Employing a discursive immunisation strategy which was organised around the allegation that they were victims of an undemocratic politics of exclusion (Ausgrenzung) they even succeeded in turning the critique against their critics and use it to gain political profile. In this article the author analyses the function of this allegation and different efforts by FPÖ-politicians to establish their ideologically coined discursive practice in public debate. Even socialist and christian-democratic politicians started to use the catchphrase and involuntarily helped establishing its underlying interpretational frame. The author argues that the success of the FPÖ substantially funded in this strategy, which influenced public perception and representations at least for those within the Austrian electorate, who began to see the FPÖ as an alternative to an allegedly corrupt political system.' (author's abstract
Astrology in literature: how the prohibited became permissible in the Arabic poetry of the mediaeval period
Get PDFThis thesis is concerned to position the art of astrology within the context of classical Arabic poetry, primarily by investigating and elucidating attitudes to the notion of
qadar (fate) and the ideology in which it was embedded. These attitudes were revelatory of the broader world view of the Arabs of those periods, and their shifts from those held in the pre-Islamic and early Islamic eras tell us a good deal about the importance given to the nature and role of fate and about the various understandings of its influence. The pre-Islamic Arab's notion of qadar was in some ways similar to that of the early Muslims: both emphasised predetermination and the irresistible power of fate. But while the jahilf (Pre-Islamic) Arabs identified fate with the malign power of dahr (Time), the Muslims believed the power of fate lies in the hands of God the
Omnipotent, who alone is responsible for the fate of the whole universe. Thus the astrology of the pre-Islamic era was one aspect of divination (kihana) and claimed to be
able to reveal in advance an individual's destiny, which could be avoided by taking certain precautions. These precautions, however, were considered effective only in
relatively trivial cases; they were useless in the areas of major impact: a person's happiness or misery (shaqiiwa aw sa ada), sustenance (rizq) and one's term (ajal), the
three inevitable and irresistible manifestations of fate. In the Islamic period not only these major aspects of life are governed and controlled by the Omnipotent; the destiny
of the universe, in even its most minute details, is determined and controlled by God alone. Astrology was considered to be of no value whatsoever, and its practitioners were subject to the death penalty. These two irreconcilable views are evident in early Islamic poetry, which reflected clearly the response of poets, and society, to astrology from the perspective of qadar.
When the orthodox caliphate was replaced by dynastic rule the status of astrology was changed dramatically. The idea that the stars, as indicators, play a role in the life of
human beings found popowerful supporters in some governors of the Islamic world, who allowed astrology to fulfil a public function regardless of the hostility of the official
religion of that society. This social phenomenon generated rich material of a controversial character in the realm of literature. Investigating the factors, motivations
and impact of mediaeval political, theological and philosophical attitudes to astrology, in relation to the notions of free will and predestination, is the concern of this study
Earnings Instability and Earnings Inequality of Males in the United States: 1967-1991.
No full textAlthough much research has focused on recent increases in annual earnings inequality in the United States, the increases could have come from either of two sources: the distribution of lifetime earnings could have become more unequal or the receipt of lifetime earnings could have become more unstable. Based on an analysis of the 1968-92 Panel Study of Income Dynamics, the author finds that lifetime earnings inequality increased during the early 1980s and that earnings instability increased during the 1970s. The author also examines how these trends are related to changes in the distribution of wages and hours and the returns to education.SALARY ; WAGES ; EDUCATION
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