1,722,317 research outputs found
Effect of single and dual concurrent task on parameters of with children with spastic cerebral palsy
No full textAs gait is matter of concern the child with cerebral palsy may face problems in walking alone or walking with concurrent dual task . So aim is to see the effect of single and concurrent dual task on parameters of gait on children with spastic c
Three Schools of Nonprofit Thought
No full textThis chapter provides the competing perspectives into three distinct schools of thought where each school is based on unique values and motivations, and has different strengths and shortcomings. It discusses the three schools of thought, covering their origins, the key drivers that prompted their emergence, the key characteristics and practices associated with each school as well as the reasons behind the transitions from one school to another. The chapter highlights the transformational nature of the nonprofit landscape and the contrasting and contradictory perspectives that exist towards nonprofit functioning and the resulting debates. Illustrative practices include supervision and formation of ethical codes that continue to govern practice and prescribe service ideals. The Traditional School not only endorses these views, but also deems that focusing on anything other than the mission diminishes an organisation's ability to stay true to its purpose. The foremost characteristic of the Hybrid School is visible in 'dual-natured' practices that blur boundaries between nonprofit and for-profit work
The social scaffolding of machine intelligence
No full textThe Internet provides access to a global space of information assets and computational services. It also, however, serves as a platform for social interaction (e.g., Facebook) and participatory involvement in all manner of online tasks and activities (e.g., Wikipedia). There is a sense, therefore, that the Internet provides an unprecedented form of access to the human social environment. It provides insight into the dynamics of human behavior (both individual and collective), and it additionally provides access to the digital products of human cognitive labor (again, both individual and collective). This is important, for the human social environment looks to be of crucial importance when it comes to the evolutionary and developmental origins of the human mind. In the present paper, we combine these ideas to develop a theoretical account that sees the Internet as providing opportunities for online intelligent systems to function as socially-situated agents. The result is a vision of machine intelligence in which advanced forms of cognitive competence are seen to arise from the creation of a new kind of digital socio-ecological niche. The present paper attempts to detail this vision with respect to the notion of socially-scaffolded cognition. It also describes some of the forms of machine learning that may be required to enable online systems to press maximal cognitive benefit from their new-found contact with the human social world
Don't forget the informal sector: reviving manufacturing in India
No full textThe Indian government's economic package designed to revive its manufacturing sector post-lockdown needs to help every segment of the sector, including the informal sector. Here Kannan Kumar (Researcher, India) and Aastha Sharma (Researcher, India) explain how the domestic value chains traverse the formal and informal segments of the economy, which show the need for the government’s revival policies to not forget the informal sector in its post-lockdown economic plans
Where the smart things Are: social machines and the Internet of Things
No full textThe emergence of large-scale social media systems, such as Wikipedia, Facebook, and Twitter, has given rise to a new multi-disciplinary effort based around the concept of social machines. For the most part, this research effort has limited its attention to the study of Web-based systems. It has also, perhaps unsurprisingly, tended to highlight the social scientific relevance of such systems. The present paper seeks to expand the scope of the social machine research effort to encompass the Internet of Things. One advantage of this expansion is that it helps to reveal some of the links between the science of social machines and the sciences of the mind. A second advantage is that it furthers our conceptual understanding of social machines and supports the quest to derive a philosophically-robust definition of the term “social machine.” The results of the present analysis suggest that social machines are best conceived as systems in which a combination of social and technological elements play a role in the mechanistic realization of system-level phenomena. The analysis also highlights the relevance of cognitive science and the philosophy of mind to our general understanding of systems that transcend the cyber, physical, and social domains
Anti-Othellos and postcolonial Others in Izzat and Aastha
No full textInternational audienceWhile Indian cinematic adaptations that attempt to recreate William Shakespeare’s Othello have received scholarly attention, practically no work has been done on films that make fleeting references to the source text while questioning its authority. This article aims to fill the gap by presenting two Hindi-language postcolonial adaptations, namely Izzat (1968) and Aastha (1997), that can be read as anti-Othello films. They challenge Shakespeare’s status as a colonial icon in independent India by terming his works as ‘rotting feudal tales’ and by subverting Othello’s murder of Desdemona. However, although men of ‘low’, mixed or ambiguous origins do not kill their wives in these two adaptations, both films still depict the marginalization of caste, class and gender Others. This article will study the tension between these on-screen Others and the anti-Othello stance
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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