1,599 research outputs found
The Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger NCKX4 governs termination and adaptation of the mammalian olfactory response
No full textSensory perception requires accurate encoding of stimulus information by sensory receptor cells. We identified NCKX4, a potassium-dependent Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger, as being necessary for rapid response termination and proper adaptation of vertebrate olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). Nckx4(-/-) (also known as Slc24a4) mouse OSNs displayed substantially prolonged responses and stronger adaptation. Single-cell electrophysiological analyses revealed that the majority of Na(+)-dependent Ca(2+) exchange in OSNs relevant to sensory transduction is a result of NCKX4 and that Nckx4(-/-) mouse OSNs are deficient in encoding action potentials on repeated stimulation. Olfactory-specific Nckx4(-/-) mice had lower body weights and a reduced ability to locate an odorous source. These results establish the role of NCKX4 in shaping olfactory responses and suggest that rapid response termination and proper adaptation of peripheral sensory receptor cells tune the sensory system for optimal perception
Synthesis and heteroatom-hydrogen activation studies of the anionic zirconocene trihydride [Cp*(2)ZrH(3)](-).
No full textSynthetic routes to an anionic zirconocene trihydride complex [Cp*2ZrH3]- 67 have been investigated. The original synthetic strategy involved the addition of KH or LiH to the zirconocene dihydride [Cp*2ZrH2] 10. Though this method proved to be reliable, generating the dihydride staring material was plagued by poor yields. An alternative synthetic route involved oxidative addition of dihydrogen to Zr(II) species generated in situ via the Negishi method. Again this allowed for the isolation of [Cp*2ZrH3]- 67 but it was contaminated with LiCl. A two-step process was eventually developed allowing for the facile high yielding synthesis of the first zirconocene trihydride anion 67. Initial reactivity studies of 67 were directed at exploring the nature of the hydride ligand. Analogies were drawn between the reactivity of 67 and the parent complex [Cp*2ZrH2] 10. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 63-04, Section: B, page: 1838. Adviser: D. W. Stephan. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 2001
Men who missed it; great Americans who missed the White House,
No full textAaron Burr.--Henry Clay.--John C. Calhoun.--Daniel Webster.--William H. Seward.--Salmon P. Chase.--Stephan A. Douglas.--General George B. McClellan.--Horace Greeley.--Samuel J. Tilden.--James G. Blaine.--Robert M. La Follette.--William Jennings Bryan.--Charles Evans Hughes.Mode of access: Internet
Replication and robustness analysis of ‘Energy and economic growth in the USA: a multivariate approach’
No full textWe replicate Stern (1993, Energy Economics), who argues and empirically demonstrates that it is necessary (i) to use quality-adjusted energy use and (ii) to include capital and labor as control variables in order to find Granger causality from energy use to GDP. Though we could not access the original dataset, we can verify the main original inferences using data that are as close as possible to the original. We analyze the robustness of the original findings to an alternative estimation approach, alternative definitions of variables, and alternative model specifications for both the (almost) original time span (1949-1990) and an extended time span (1949-2015). p-values tend to be substantially smaller if energy use is quality adjusted rather than measured by total joules and if capital is included. Including labor has mixed results. These findings tend to largely support Stern’s (1993) two main conclusions and emphasize the importance of accounting for changes in the energy mix in time series modeling of the energy-GDP relationship and controlling for other factors of production. We also discuss how the inclusion of the original author in designing the replication study using a pre-analysis plan can help to counterbalance the incentive of replicating authors to disconfirm major findings of the original article to increase the probability of getting published.ARC DP16010075
Hypogena cryptica Grey & Smith 2020, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Hypogena cryptica</i> sp. nov. <p>(Figs 1, 21, 22)</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 73FFCE8E-60F7-48E9-ADF8-8A89CEA814BA</p> <p> <i>Type Material</i>: HOLOTYPE (male) labeled: (a) “ MEX: Baja Norte / 9 mi NNW Rosarito / X-5-1983 / D. Faulkner & / F. Andrews ”; (b) “Under leaves on / stalk of dead / <i>Agave shawii</i> ”; (c) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21889”; (d) “ HOLOTYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (CSCA). Designated here. PARA- TYPES (5 males, 8 female) labeled: (a) “ MEX: Baja Sur, Santa Inez Dam/ 8 mi. NE Todos Santos / X-10-83/ F. G. Andrews k”; (b) “Under bark of dead <i>Bursura microphylla</i> ”; (c) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”; (d) Tenebrionid Base numbers: 21594-21603, 21782, 21798, 21803. (CSCA). PARATYPES (6 males, 1 female) labeled: (a) “ Todos Santos,/ L. Cal. VII-15-38”; (b) ”Michelbacher&/Ross Collectors”; (c) “tricornis/ Determined by/ FEBlaisdell”; (d) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”; (e) Tenebrionid Base numbers: 20772-20774, 20782-20785 (CSCA). PARATYPES (4 males) labeled: (a) “ Todos Santos,/ L. Cal. VII-15-38”; (b) ”Michelbacher&/Ross Collectors”; (c) “tricornis/ Determined by/ FEBlaisdell”; (d) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”; (e) Tenebrionid Base numbers: 21793-21796. (CASC). PARATYPE (male) labeled: (a) “Santiago,/ L. Cal. VII-8-38”; (b) “Michelbacher&,/ Ross Collectors”; (c) “tricornis/ Determined by/ FEBlaisdell”; (d) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 20786”; (e) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020” (CSCA). PARATYPES (4 males, 4 females) labeled: (a) “ MEX: Baja Calif. Sur. 3.6 mi NE Cabo San Lucas./ IX-29-1981 / F. Andrews & D.Faulkner ”; (b) “Collected under bark of standing dead “Torote” <i>Bursera microphylla</i> ”; (d) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”; (c) Tenebrionid Base numbers: 21783- 21789, 21891. (CSCA). PARATYPE (female) labeled: (a) “ MEX: Baja Calif. Sur. 3.6 mi NE Cabo San Lucas./ IX-29-1981 / F. Andrews & D.Faulkner ”; (b) “Collected under bark of standing dead “Torote” <i>Bursera microphylla</i> ”; (c) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”; (d) Tenebrionid Base number: 21797;. (RLAC). PARATYPE (female) labeled: (a) “AZ: Pima Co. / Tucson / July 25, 2007 / Eric Eaton coll.”; (b) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21810”; (c) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (DMNS). PARATYPES (3 male) labeled: (a) “AZ: Pima Co. / Tucson / July 27, 2007 / Eric Eaton coll.”; (c) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”; (b) Tenebrionid Base numbers: 21790-21792. (DMNS). PARATYPES (4 males, 1 female) labeled: (a) “ MEX: Baja Norte / 7.7 mi NNW Rosarito / X-4-1983 / D. Faulkner & / F. An- drews”; (b) “Under leaves on / stalk of dead / <i>Agave shawii</i> ”; (c) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”; (d) Tenebrionid Base numbers: 21799-21802, 21890. (CSCA). PARATYPE (female) labeled: (a) “ MEX: Baja Norte / 9 mi NNW Rosarito / X-5-1983 / D. Faulkner & / F. Andrews ”; (b) “Under leaves on / stalk of dead / <i>Agave shawii</i> ”; (c) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21809”; (d) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (CSCA). PARATYPE (male) labeled: (a) “Mex.:Baja Calif. Sur/ 1.5 mi. east of San / Jorge. 24.VII.1971 / H.G Real & R.E.Main / In decaying Cardón”; (b) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21804”; (c) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (CASC). PARATYPE (female) labeled: (a) “ Mexico: Baja California / Sur. Ramal naranjos rd./ 2.9 mi W Highway 1,650’/ IX-1-1990 F. Andrews / T. Eichlin & A. Gilbert ”; (b) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21805”; (c) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (CSCA). PARATYPE (male) labeled: (a) “ 5 mi S./ Miraflores,/ L Cal. VII-10-38”; (b) “Michelbacher &/ Ross Collectors”; (c) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21806”; (d) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (CASC). PARATYPE (male) labeled: (a) “ 5 mi. W San Bartolo / L. Cal. VII-13-1938 ”; (b) “Michelbacher & Ross Coll.”; (c) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21807”; (d) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (CASC). PARATYPE (female) labeled: (a) “ MEXICO: S. L. P.,/ 12 mi S Cu. Mante / VI-21-1975 ”; (b) “under bark/ DS Chandler”; (c) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21808”; (d) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (UCDC). PARATYPE (male) labeled: (a) “ Colossal Cave / Park. Arizona/ 8.4.1970 ”; (b) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21811”; (c) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (NMNH). PARATYPE (male) labeled: (a) “Needles Cal./ XI-27-21/ J.A Kusche / Collector”; (b) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21812”; (c) “PARA- TYPE/ <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (NHMB). PARATYPE (male) labeled: (a) “ GUATEMALA:/ Nueva Concepcion/ 50’. VIII-17-63/ D.Q. Cavagnaro / & M.E. Irwin / collectors”; (b) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21813”; (c) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (CASC). PARATYPE (male) labeled: (a) “ARIZ: Pima Co. / Avra Valley #1/ Mar. 29, 1972 JCS”; (b) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21814”; (c) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (CASC). PARATYPE (male) labeled: (a) “FtGrant/ 14.7 Ar”; (b) “CollHubbard/ &Schwarz” (c) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21815”; (d) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (NMNH). PARATYPE (male) labeled: (a) “FtYuma/ 9.4 Ar”; (b) “CollHubbard/ &Schwarz”; (c) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21816”; (d) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (NMNH). PARATYPE (female) labeled: (a) “ San Bernardino Co. / Needles Cal./ X-14-61”; (b) “ A. Hardy Coll. ”; (c) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21817”; (d) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (CSCA). PARATYPE (male) labeled: (a) “ MEX: B.Calif. / 4.5 mi.NE.of/ Los Planes / 21-XII-1958 ”; (b) “ H.B.Leech / Collector”; (c) “Ex dead/ <i>Bursera sp</i>.”; (d) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21818”; (e) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (CASC). PARATYPE (female) labeled: (a) “ Venedio / Sinaloa Mex./ VI-10-1918 ”; (b) “Van Dyke/ Collection; (c) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21819”; (d) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (CASC). PARATYPE (female) labeled: (a) “CALIF: Imperial CO. / Algodones Dunes, 7miSE/ Glamis 32°,55’,20”N/ 114°, 59’, 14”W Site 4/ V-1to15-1979” (b) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21820”; (c) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (CSCA). PARATYPE (female) labeled: (a) “El Zapotal, 2 mi. S./ Tux.Gutierrez, Chias/ MEX. VII-12-57”; (b) “ J.A Chemsak / B.J Rannells / Collectors”; (c) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21821”; (d) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (EMEC). PARATYPE (female) labeled: (a) “ 8 mi E Concordia / Sin. Mex./ VIII-23-69/ J.Doyen ”; (b) “ Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21822”; (c) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (CASC). PARA- TYPE (male) labeled: (a) “ Indio / Riverside Co. / Cal VIII-6-1963 ”; (b) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21823”; (c) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (CSCA). PARATYPE (female) labeled: (a) MEX: S. L. Potosi / Tamazunchale, 18/ mi. SW. VIII-2-53”; (b) “ J. Doyen / Collector”; (c) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21824”; (d) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (EMEC). PARA- TYPE (male) labeled: (a) ” Mexico: Baja/ California Sur/ 16 km N. Tropic of / Cancer, Near/ Santiago/ 9 November 1981 / W. E. Steiner ”; (b) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21825”; (c) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (NMNH). PARATYPE (male) labeled: (a) “ Lago Catemaco Vera / Cruz MEXICO / VIII-20-1965 / A.R.Gillogly ”; (b) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21826”; (c) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypo- gena/ cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (RLAC). PARATYPE (female) labeled: (a) “Blythe Cal./ X-8-1945 ”; (b) “InQuar from/ Providence RI”; (c) “Collected from/ soil”; (d) “Cal.Dept.Agr./ No. BL45J19”; (e) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21827”; (f) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (CSCA). PARATYPE (male) labeled: (a) “ Arizona, St. Catalina / Mts., Molino Basin / Oct. 13 1974 / K. Stephan leg.”; (b) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21828”; (c) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (FSCA). PARATYPE (male) labeled: (a) “ MEX. San Felipe / Baja Calif / III-26-1963 / G.I. Stage ”; (b) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21892”; (c) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (CSCA). (See Fig. 21).</p> <p> <i>Diagnosis</i>: This species is similar in size and shape to <i>H. brasilica</i>. The horns are also similar to <i>H. brasilica</i> by having a short clypeal horn and long supraorbital horns that point inward toward each other. The hypomeron and prosternum not having long, gold/yellow setae distinguish this species from <i>H. brasilica</i>. The mesepisternum is also not scalloped as in <i>H. brasilica</i>. Finally, in this species the coarse punctures are not primarily concentrated on the lateral portions of the pronotum, rather they are spread out across the pronotum (Fig. 21).</p> <p> <i>Description</i>: Male. Size: 8—11 mm; 3—4 mm.</p> <p>Head. Distance between cardo and eye less than width of cardo (34:1). Clypeal horn short, conical (4:1; 5:0); twice as wide, at base, as one supraorbital horn (7:2); produced forward (8:0); finely punctate (9:1). Supraorbital horns long, thin and slightly bent inwards (11:1; 12:1); produced perpendicular to head (13:1); not bent anteriorly (14:0); finely punctate (15:1). Antennae not forming club (17:0). Antennae with stellate sensoria (22:0). Third antennomere equal in size to fourth and more than 1.5 times size of second (18:0; 19:2). Vertex and frons with punctures smaller than eye facets (26:1; 28:1). Gena not extending laterally past eye (36:0). Clypeus is pointed in middle (29:2). Mentum trapezoidal and densely setose (40:0; 41:1). Groove on mandible present and continuing to connection point on cranium (44:1). Labrum fully setose (39:1).</p> <p>Thorax. Pronotum punctures biordinal in size (54:1). Coarse punctures numerous and spread evenly across pronotum (57:2). From lateral view, pronotum not arched (58:0); disc flat (60:1). Anterior edge of pronotum reaching middle of eye, but not past eye (63:1). Lateral margins of pronotum subparallel (61:1). Margins of pronotum expanded wider than diameter of one coarse puncture (62:2). Hypomeron laterally rugulose (75:2). Mesepisternum punctate; punctures smaller than eye facets and separated by one or less than one diameter (71:1). Mesepisternum not pubescent (73:0). Prosternum punctate and not pubescent (66:0); punctures smaller than eye facets (67:1), puncturing separated by less than one diameter (68:1). Prosternal process not continuing past posterior edge of pronotum (69:0). Elytra striae present and punctate (46:1); punctures shallow (47:1); separated by less than one diameter (48:0). Elytral interstices convex (49:1); punctures equal to or smaller than one fourth size of strial punctures (50:1); punctures separated by more than one diameter (51:1).</p> <p>Abdomen. All abdominal segments densely punctate; first three visible abdominal segments coarsely punctate (89:0; 90:0; 91:0); fourth and fifth visible abdominal segments finely punctate; punctures separated by less than one diameter. Abdominal sternites not setose (94:0). Legs. Tarsi pubescent. Cuticular outgrowths present on proximal two tarsomeres (86:1). Tibiae with two apical spurs (85:1). On lateral edge of protibia, seven or more socketed spines present on distal third (81:1; 82:0). All tibiae and femurs setose along entire length.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male, except as follows: Cuticle on intraocular space narrowly raised near eye (23:1). Intraocular space impinging on eye (24:1). Puncturing on vertex as large as or larger than eye facets (25:2). Clypeus with punctures smaller than eye facets and spread evenly across clypeus (31:1; 32:2). Anterior edge of clypeus flat but corners are rounded (30:1). Clypeus tumid (33:1).</p> <p> <i>Distribution</i> (Fig. 22): Mexico (Baja California, San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, Tamaulipas, Baja California Sur), USA (Arizona, California), Guatemala.</p> <p> <i>Etymology</i>: The specific epithet <i>cryptica</i> is a reference to the similarity that this species bears to <i>H. brasilica</i>. It is feminine.</p>Published as part of <i>Grey, Luna & Smith, Aaron D., 2020, A matrix-based revision of the genus Hypogena Dejean, 1834 (Coleoptera Tenebrionidae), pp. 201-258 in Zootaxa 4780 (2)</i> on pages 230-233, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4780.2.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3842368">http://zenodo.org/record/3842368</a>
Participation of unemployment benefit recipients in active labor market programs : before and after the German labor market reforms
No full text"Between 2005 and 2007 the German government raised a per-capita amount of around 10.000 Euros for each transition out of unemployment benefit receipt into basic social care, to be paid by the unemployment insurance. The so called 'Aussteuerungsbetrag' set strong incentives that investments in active labor market programs for unemployment benefit recipients should pay off - in terms of an exit from registered unemployment - before a transition into basic social care for needy jobseekers occurred. This raised considerable public concerns that less programs would be granted, in particular for hard-to-place workers. Our paper analyzes if these concerns were justified. We compare four cohorts, eligible for unemployment benefits at the beginning of their unemployment spell during March of the years 2003 to 2006. We conduct some descriptive analyses and estimate piecewise constant exponential hazard models to investigate the correlation between individual characteristics and transition rates into programs. The results show that transition rates into programs were in fact low across the 2005 cohort, but rather high for the 2006 cohort. The expectation that particular disadvantaged groups of unemployed would participate less in active labor market programs in the postreform period is not confirmed; their transition rates into programs were significantly higher across the 2006 cohort than in pre-reform cohorts." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))arbeitsmarktpolitische Maßnahme - Zu- und Abgänge, Hartz-Reform - Erfolgskontrolle, Aussteuerungsbetrag - Auswirkungen, Teilnehmerstruktur, Arbeitslose, schwervermittelbare Arbeitslose
Catalytic P-H activation by Ti and Zr catalysts
No full textCatalytic dehydrocoupling of phosphines was investigated using the anionic zirconocene trihydride salts [Cp*Zr-2(mu-H)(3)Li](3) (1a) or [Cp*Zr-2(mu-H)(3)K(thf)(4)] (1b), and the metallocycles [CpTi(NPtBu3)(CH2)(4)] (6) and [Cp*M(NPtBu3)(CH2)(4)] (M = Ti 20, Zr 21) as catalyst precursors. Dehydrocoupling of primary phosphines RPH2 (R = Ph, C6H2Me3, Cy, C10H7) gave both dehydrocoupled dimers RP(H)P(H)R or cyclic oligophosphines (RP)(n) (n = 4, 5) while reaction of tBu(3)C(6)H(2)PH(2) gave the phosphaindoline tBu(2)(Me2CCH2)C6H2PH (9). Stoichiometric reactions of these catalyst precursors with primary phosphines afforded [Cp*Zr-2((PR)(2))H][K(thf)(4)] (R = Ph 2, Cy 3, C6H2Me3 4), [Cp*Zr-2((PPh)(3))H] [K(thf)(4)] (5), [CpTi(NPtBu3)(PPh)(3)] (7) and [CpTi(NPtBu3)(mu-PHPh)](2) (8), while reaction of 6 with (C(6)H(2)tBu3)PH2 in the presence of PMe3 afforded [CpTi(NPtBu3)(PMe3)(p(C(6)H(2)tBu(3))] (10). The secondary phosphines Ph2PH and (PhHPCH2)(2)CH2 also undergo dehydrocoupling affording (Ph2P)(2) and (PhPCH2)(2)CH2. The bisphosphines (CH2PH2)(2) and C6H4(PH2)(2) are dehydrocoupled to give (PCH2CH2PH)(2) (12) and (C6H4P(PH))(2) (13) while prolonged reaction of 13 gave (C6H4P2)(8) (14). The analogous bisphosphine Me2C6H4(PH)(2) (17) was prepared and dehydrocoupling catalysis afforded (Me2C6H2P(PH))(2) (18) and subsequently [(Me2C6H2P2)(2)(mu-Me2C6H2P2)](2) (19). Stoichiometric reactions with these bisphosphines gave [Cp*Zr-2(H)(PH)(2)C6H4] [Li(thf)(4)] (22), [Cp*Ti(NPtBu3)(PH)(2)C6H4](2) (23) and [Cp*Ti(NPtBu3)(PH)(2)C6H4] (24). 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Regional Infrastructure Policy and its Impact on Productivity: A Comparison of Germany and France
No full textThis paper describes the different institutional frameworks for infrastructure policy in Germany and France. The economic effects of infrastructure are estimated econometrically for German and French regions. We find evidence that regional road infrastructure has a significant impact on regional output. Moreover, we find evidence that for Germany the priority of promoting equal living conditions throughout the regions is an important determinant of regional infrastructure policy. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG - (Regionale Infrastrukturpolitik und ihre Auswirkung auf die Produktivität: Ein Vergleich von Deutschland und Frankreich) Die Arbeit beschreibt die unterschiedlichen institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen, unter welchen Planung und Finanzierung von Infrastruktur in Deutschland und Frankreich realisiert werden. Weiterhin werden die wirtschaftlichen Effekte von Infrastruktur ökonometrisch für deutsche und französische Regionen geschätzt. Es wird Evidenz dafür gefunden, dass regionale Straßeninfrastruktur einen signifikanten Einfluss auf den regionalen Output hat. Wir finden auch empirische Evidenz dafür, dass in Deutschland die Priorität für die Angleichung der Lebensverhältnisse in den Regionen eine wichtige Determinante für regionale Infrastrukturpolitik ist.Infrastructure Policy, Productivity, Germany, France
Genetic association study of QT interval highlights role for calcium signaling pathways in myocardial repolarization.
No full textThe QT interval, an electrocardiographic measure reflecting myocardial repolarization, is a heritable trait. QT prolongation is a risk factor for ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD) and could indicate the presence of the potentially lethal mendelian long-QT syndrome (LQTS). Using a genome-wide association and replication study in up to 100,000 individuals, we identified 35 common variant loci associated with QT interval that collectively explain ∼8-10% of QT-interval variation and highlight the importance of calcium regulation in myocardial repolarization. Rare variant analysis of 6 new QT interval-associated loci in 298 unrelated probands with LQTS identified coding variants not found in controls but of uncertain causality and therefore requiring validation. Several newly identified loci encode proteins that physically interact with other recognized repolarization proteins. Our integration of common variant association, expression and orthogonal protein-protein interaction screens provides new insights into cardiac electrophysiology and identifies new candidate genes for ventricular arrhythmias, LQTS and SCD
Surprising Behaviour of the Wageningen B-Screw Series Polynomials
No full textUndoubtedly, the Wageningen B-screw Series is the most widely used systematic propeller series. It is very popular to preselect propeller dimensions during the preliminary design stage before performing a more thorough optimisation, but in the smaller end of the market it is often used to merely select the final propeller. Over time, the originally measured data sets were faired and scaled to a uniform Reynolds number of 2 · 106 to increase the reliability of the series. With the advent of the computer, polynomials for the thrust and torque values were calculated based on the available data sets. The measured data are typically presented in the well-known open-water curves of thrust and torque coefficients K T and K Q versus the advance coefficient J . Changing the presentation from these diagrams to efficiency maps reveals some unsuspected and surprising behaviours, such as multiple extrema when optimising for efficiency or even no optimum at all for certain conditions, where an optimum could be expected. These artefacts get more pronounced at higher pitch to diameter ratios and low blade numbers. The present work builds upon the paper presented by the author at the AMT’17 and smp’19 conferences and now includes the extended efficiency maps, as suggested by Danckwardt, for all propellers of the Wageningen B-screw Series
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