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Fatty acids in animal food products
Get PDFopenIn passato, gli acidi grassi erano visti in modo negativi per il loro impatto sulla salute umana, in quanto erano associati ad un alto rischio nello sviluppo di malattie cardiovascolari. Tuttavia, numerosi studi hanno dimostrato che gli acidi grassi sono risultati molto importanti per la salute umana, grazie al loro ruolo nella prevenzione di molte malattie.
Tra loro gli acidi grassi possono presentare differenze strutturali che promuovono effetti distintivi sui processi biologici nell’organismo. La suddivisione principale è in base al grado di saturazione, quindi in saturi ed insaturi. I grassi saturi sono spesso considerati dannosi per la loro correlazione con le malattie cardiovascolari. Tuttavia, alcuni di essi hanno dimostrato avere effetti positivi per la salute, come ad esempio l’acido butirrico. Gli insaturi invece hanno sviluppato una certa fama, in particolare gli omega-3, per il loro ruolo nella salute umana e nella prevenzione delle malattie. Per questi motivi nei prodotti di origine animale si sta cercando sempre di più di migliorare il profilo nutrizionale di questi alimenti, con l’obbiettivo di incrementare la percentuale di acidi grassi insaturi e di ridurre quella degli acidi grassi saturi. In questi prodotti, la composizione in acidi grassi varia in base a diversi fattori, come l’alimentazione, il sistema di allevamento e la genetica dell’animale. Nel latte bovino è risultato essere molto importante anche lo stadio di lattazione della bovina nel momento in cui viene raccolto il latte.
In questo lavoro inizialmente si descriveranno la struttura e le funzioni degli acidi grassi, al fine di comprendere al meglio la loro importanza nella salute umana e il loro ruolo nella prevenzione delle malattie. Successivamente verranno esaminati i profili degli acidi grassi nelle uova, nella carne suina, nella carne bovina e nel latte, il quale riceverà maggiore attenzione nella descrizione dei fattori che influenzano la composizione lipidica di questi alimenti. Infine, verranno esaminati i metodi di analisi degli acidi grassi, con un focus sui metodi di estrazione e un accenno sulla gascromatografia.In the past, fatty acids were viewed negatively for their impact on human health, as they were associated with a high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. However, numerous studies have shown that fatty acids play a very important role in human health, particularly in the prevention of many diseases.
Among them, fatty acids can have structural differences that promote distinctive effects on the biological processes in the body. The main classification is based on the degree of saturation, thus into saturated and unsaturated fats. Saturated fats are often considered harmful due to their correlation with cardiovascular diseases. However, some of them have been shown to have positive health effects, such as butyric acid. Unsaturated fats, on the other hand, have gained a reputation, especially omega-3, for their role in human health and disease prevention. For these reasons, the goal in animal food products is increasingly to improve the nutritional profile by increasing the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids and reducing the amount of saturated fats. In these products, the composition of fatty acids varies based on several factors, such as diet, farming systems, and animal genetics. In bovine milk, the stage of lactation has also proven to be important.
This work will first describe the structure and functions of fatty acids to better understand their importance in human health and their role in disease prevention. Next, the fatty acid profiles in eggs, pork, beef, and milk will be examined, with particular attention given to the factors that influence the lipid composition of these foods. Finally, the methods of fatty acid analysis will be explored, focusing on extraction techniques and with a brief mention of gas chromatography
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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