1,720,953 research outputs found
PERLINDUNGAN SUATU NEGARA TERHADAP WARGANEGARANYA DINEGARA YANG TIDAK MEMILIKI ATAU TELAH MELAKUKAN PEMUTUSAN HUBUNGAN DIPLOMATIK DAN KONSULER
No full textPERLINDUNGAN SUATU NEGARA TERHADAP WARGANEGARANYA DI NEGARA YANG TIDAK MEMILIKI ATAU TELAH MELAKUKAN PEMUTUSAN HUBUNGAN DIPLOMATIK DAN KONSULER
ABSTRAK :
Negara memiliki kewajiban untuk memberikan perlindungan terhadap warganegaranya yang berada diwilayahnya dan memiliki hak untuk memberikan perlindungan terhadap warganegaranya yang berada dinegara lain. Perlindungan suatu negara terhadap warganegaranya di negara lain melalui perwakilan-perwakilan diplomatik atau konsuler dalam melaksanakan fungsinya sesuai dengan Konvensi Wina 1961 tentang Hubungan Diplomatik dan Konvensi Wina 1963 tentang Hubungan Konsuler. Namun permasalahannya adalah hal tersebut sulit dilaksanakan apabila tidak memiliki atau telah melakukan pemutusan hubungan diplomatik atau konsuler. Bahkan negara setempat tidak memperlakukan warganegara asing yang tertangkap sesuai dengan hukum nasionalnya atau hukum internasional seperti tidak diizikannya warganegara asing tersebut untuk berkonsultasi dengan utusan perwakilan diplomatik atau konsuler selama berhari-hari sejak tertangkapnya, kemudian tidak memberikan kuasa hukum kepada warganegara asing tersebut sejak tertangkap. Sehingga penulis akan menguraikan solusi permasalahan ini sesuai dengan hukum internasional dan memaparkan kasus yang berkaitan dengan permasalahan tersebut.
Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah deskriptif analitis, yaitu menguraikan hasil penelitian untuk kemudian dilakukan analitis tergadap permasalahan sehubungan dengan objek penulisan yang diteliti. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan ialah yuridis normatif yaitu pendekatan dengan cara mengkaji dan menganalisis ketentuan-ketentuan hukum yang berkaitan dengan masalah yang diteliti yaitu Konvensi Wina 1961 dan 1963 tentang hubungan diplomatik dan konsuler serta ILC Draft on Diplomatic Protection 2006.
Hasil penulisan ini adalah bahwa perlindungan terhadap warganegara dinegara lain yang tidak memiliki atau telah melakukan pemutusan hubungan diplomatik dan konsuler, diatur dalam ILC Draft on Diplomatic Protection 2006, perlindungan melalui negara ketiga seperti yang diatur dalam Konvensi Wina 1961 tentang hubungan Diplomatik, Konvensi Wina 1963 tentang Hubungan Konsuler serta mengacu kembali kepada ketentuan hukum internasional lainnya seperti Declaration on Duties and Rights 1949 dan Prinsip Perlakuan Standar Nasional (National Standard Treatment). Kemudian mengenai pelaksanaannya perlindungan tersebut dilakukan melalui peran negara ketiga yang mewakili kepentingan negara pengirim untuk bernegosiasi dengan otoritas-otoritas negara penerima, dimana negosiasi tersebut dilaksanakan berdasarkan Piagam PBB yang mengatur mengenai penyelesaian sengketa.
THE PROTECTION OF STATE AGAINST ITS NATIONALS ABROAD WHICH SEVERANCE OR HAS NO DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR RELATION
ABSTRACT :
Each states entitled protect its nationals abroad. Such protection would be exercised through diplomatic or consular representatives of his home state in accordance within vienna convention on diplomatic relation 1961 and vienna convention on consular relation 1963. However, the problem is that such protection would be difficult to exercised if the both states were broken off or has no diplomatic and consular relation. In fact, the receiving state has not treat against aliens who are detained in accordance within its municipal law and international law, such as the aliens were not given permission to make a consultation with the diplomatic or consular representatives of his home state for several days after detained. Moreover, the receiving state has not provide an attorney for such aliens for several days after detained. Therefore, the writer is going to solve its matters based on international law and analyze several related cases.
The research methods is descriptive analysis, which describes the results of research then analyze such matters in connection with the writing of the investigated object. Approching method is the normative juridical which has to be approached to examine and analyze related legal provisions such as Vienna Conventions on diplomatic relation 1961, Vienna Convention on Consular Relation1963 and ILC Draft on Diplomatic Protection 2006.
The final of this paper is that protectition of state to its nationals abroad which severance or has no diplomatic and consular relation, regulated by ILC Draft on Diplomatic Protection 2006, third state protection in accordance within Vienna Conventions on diplomatic relation 1961, Vienna Convention on Consular Relation1963 and ILC Draft on Diplomatic Protection 2006 and referred to another international law provision such as Declaration on Duties and Rights 1949 and National Standard Treatment principle. Hereinafter, implementation concerning such protection is exercised through involvement of third states which is represent of sending states to negotiate against authorities of receiving states, whereby such negotiation is exercised in accordance within UN Charter concerning dispute settlement
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
