1,721,061 research outputs found
Il governo della sanità spetta alla regione e non all'ordine dei medici
No full textLa sentenza n. 259 del 2019 della Corte costituzionale ha accolto il ricorso (per conflitto di attribuzioni) sollevato dalla Regione Emilia-Romagna contro l’atto con cui la commissione disciplinare dell’Ordine dei medici di Bologna aveva sanzionato – radiandolo – l’assessore alle politiche della salute. Una sanzione che è quasi un atto di ritorsione politica, perché ha concluso in modo manifestamente sproporzionato uno scontro in atto da tempo tra l’Ordine e la Regione (e che ha fatto seguito alla sospensione di alcuni dirigenti del servizio di emergenza-urgenza della ASL di Bologna). La vicenda è la seguente: l’11 aprile 2016 la Giunta emiliano-romagnola ha deciso di autorizzare l’impiego di personale infermieristico specializzato nell’assistenza sanitaria d’emergenza. Una decisione che è risultata tanto sgradita all’Ordine da portare alla radiazione dell’assessore alle politiche della salute, medico iscritto al relativo albo. L’Ordine infatti ha ritenuto che l’assessore, avendo permesso al personale infermieristico di praticare atti di competenza medica, avrebbe violato il divieto deontologico di delegare simili atti a personale non medico, e seppur con una condotta esterna all’esercizio della professione, avrebbe leso il prestigio e il decoro della categoria
Dal Conte I a Draghi: Studio sulle novità nei procedimenti di formazione dei Governi della XVIII legislatura
No full textLe procedure attraverso cui si sono formati i Governi della XVIII legislatura (2018-2023) sono caratterizzate da numerose novità, e anche da alcune anomalie, rispetto alle regolarità del passato. Tra queste novità il saggio individua: cicli di consultazione molto brevi; il ricorso a mandati esplorativi limitati alla verifica di una specifica maggioranza parlamentare (anziché a durata indeterminata come in passato); la stipula di un "singolare" Contratto per il Governo del Cambiamento; alcune peculiarità nella fase di attribuzione dell'incarico di formare un governo; e, infine, il rifiuto da parte del Presidente della Repubblica di nominare un ministro proposto dal soggetto incaricato. Il saggio analizza singolarmente ciascuno di questi eventi, interrogandosi sia sulla loro compatibilità con la prassi precedente sia con il modello costituzionale. Si offre quindi una lettura comune di questi sviluppi: il saggio sostiene che questi rivelino un’evoluzione a lungo termine della forma di governo italiana legata alla crisi (intesa come trasformazione) dei partiti politici e al processo di integrazione europea.The procedures through which Governments have been formed during the XVIII parliamentary term (2018-2023) are characterized by several novelties, and even anomalies, in comparison to previous practice. Among these novelties the essay identifies: shorter consultation cycles; the use of exploratory mandates limited to the verification of a specific parliamentary majority (rather than open-ended as in the past); the Contratto per il Governo del Cambiamento – a sort of legislative manifesto adopted by one of the Governments in the parliamentary term; unusual features in the phase of the attribution of the mandate to form a government; and finally, the refusal by the President of the Republic to nominate a Minister proposed by the charged prime minister. The essay analyzes each of these features individually, by interrogating both its compatibility with previous practice and with the Constitution. It then offers a common reading of these developments: the essay argues that the said developments reveal a longer term evolution of the Italian Form of Government linked to the crisis (understood as transformation) of political parties and the process of European Integration
What price for the community enforcement of WTO law?
Full text linkUnder the World Trade Organization (WTO) legal framework, when a violation is deemed to occur,
Members have recourse to a quasi-automatic dispute settlement system. If the breach persists after the
WTO Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) has adopted a ruling, Members hurt by the illegal measures can
be authorized to retaliate against the scofflaw Member. Rights and obligations are, thus, centrally
enforced within the WTO. The object of this article is the decentralized enforcement of WTO law, and
more precisely of DSB rulings through the ECJ. The aim is to explore whether it is in the Community
(EC) as well as in the WTO’s interests to ensure that these acts are enforced before the Luxembourg
Courts. Notoriously, the European Courts have been resistant to Community enforcement of DSB’
rulings. Unlike many legal commentators that have criticized the European Courts, we conclude that
the approach of the Courts is justified both from a purely legal standpoint and from a Law and
Economics perspective. In relation to the latter, we develop a theoretical framework, building on
Calabresi and Melamed’s ‘Cathedral’, and show that the Community enforcement of DSB’s decisions
bears costs that outweigh the benefits
Recent DDT Contamination In Lake Maggiore (Italy): Modelling in Pelagic And Littoral Foodwebs
No full textScientists and legal accountability : lessons from the L'Aquila case
Full text linkOn 6 April 2009, an earthquake hit the city of L’Aquila in Italy, destroying much of the historical centre, injuring thousands of people and killing more than 300. In an unprecedented verdict, in October 2012 the court of first instance in L’Aquila condemned for manslaughter the six Italian scientists, members of a national scientific advisory committee. The reasoning underpinning the verdict centres around the scientists’ poor assessment and communication of the seismic risk. Two years later, in November 2014, the Appeal Court of L’Aquila reversed the first instance verdict, acquitting the scientists. This trial is of paramount importance, being the first (criminal) trial to regulatory scientists in contemporary history. Unsurprisingly, the first instance verdict has attracted much criticism. In contrast to most commentaries harshly criticizing the verdict, we find that the first instance verdict invites broader reflection on the role and possible responsibility of scientists in risk governance. We take the L’Aquila trial as a case study and look at the general relevance of this case for a debate on accountability of regulatory science. This article defends the view that, in a world where scientists retain a certain degree of regulatory authority, they should be held accountable for their contribution to regulating risks. While we find criminal liability not necessarily the most appropriate way to establish accountability, it is equally incorrect to have no accountability at all. Drawing on the L’Aquila case, this article shows the overall desirability of a legal framework for accountability of regulatory science
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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