60 research outputs found
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF NITROGEN AND BORON ON MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS, YIELD AND SEED QUALITY OF RAPESEED (Brassica canipestris L.)
No full textA Thesis
Suhm it/ed to the Department ofAgricultural Botany
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, in partial
fit/fl//ment of the requirements
for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE
IN
AGRICULTURAL BOTANY
SEMIESTER: January-June, 2011The experiment was conducted at the experimental Field of Sher-e-Bangla
Agricultural University, Dhaka during the rabi season from November 2011 to
February 2012 to evaluate the effect of different levels of nitrogen (N) and boron (B)
on morphological characters, yield, oil content and germination percent of rapeseed
(Brassica campexiris L.). The experiment was factorial with two factors, factor A
consisted of four different N levels viz. 0, 60, 120. 180 (kg/ha) and factor B consisted
of three different levels of B(boron) viz. 0. I, 2 (kg/ha). The experiment was laid out
in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The
collected data were statistically analyzed for evaluation of the treatment effect.
Results showed significant variation in almost every parameter. The plant height,
leaves plan(', Primary and secondary branches plant-I, length of inhiorescence at
different days after sowing increased significantly with increasing rate of N.
interestingly, B did not show any significant variation on above parameters. As N,
application of B significantly increased siliquae on main inilorescence, seed weight of
100 siliquae, seed weight plant-i, thousand seed weight, seed yield (t hi') and harvest
index as dose dependent manner. In addition, oil content of rapeseed showed varied
significantly with both N and B independently, whereas N and B had no significant
effect on germination percent of seed. These results indicated that N exhibited
significant influence on morphological characters, yield, oil content and germination
percent of seed whereas B showed differences on these parameters other than
morphological characters. The interaction between different levels of N and B
significantly influenced almost all morphological and yield contributing characters,
seed yield and oil content of seed. The maximum value of morphological characters.
yield contributing characters, seed yield and oil content of rapeseed was observed
with the combined dose of 120 kg N/ha and 2 Kg B/ha (N2132) whereas the lowest
values were obtained from control i.e., N0B0 treatment combination. The maximum
yield of seed per hectare (1.78 t) and the maximum oil content (42.96 %) was
obtained from 120 kg N/ha with 2 Kg B/ha treatment combination. Separately, the
combined use of N and B did not show any significant differences on germination
percent of rapeseed. Based on the present results, it can be suggested that the
combined doses of 120 kg N/ha with 2 kg B/ha (N2B2) is appropriate for higher yield
and quality seed production of rapeseed cv. BAR!Sarisha 14
간독성을 유도한 동물모델에서 효소처리로 얻어진 옻나무추출물의 항암 및 항염증기전을 통한 간보호 효과
No full textDepartment of Medicine본 연구는 acetaminophen (APAP)을 C57BL6 마우스에 처리하여 간독성을 유도한 후 알러지유발 물질인 우루시올을 제거한 옻 나무진액을 경구투입하여 간보호 효과를 확인하기위해 시행되 었다. 사전 연구를 통하여 효소처리된 옻나무진액 및 혼합시 료가 C57BL6 마우스에서 안전함을 확인하였다. 70 마리의 마 우스를 각 10 마리씩 7 그룹으로 나누어 실험하였으며 각각 정상군(NC), 아세트아미노펜투여군(AP), 시판중인 옻나무 추출 액 투여군(CR), 효소처리된 옻나무 진액투여군(EX), 아세트아 미노펜 + 시판중인 옻나무 열수추출액투여군(CR+AP), 아세트 아미노펜 + 효소처리된 옻나무진액투여군(EX+AP), 아세트아 미노펜 + 시판중인 옻나무 열수추출물과 옻나무진액혼합물 투 여군(M+AP)으로 구분하였다. 옻나무진액의 음용효과를 검증 하고자 14일간 자유롭게 음용하도록 하였으며 이후 아세트아 미노펜을 500mg/kg의 농도로 일회투여하고 24시간 후에 희생 하여 혈액과 간조직 샘플을 채취하였다. 그 결과 아세트아미 노펜 투여 후 독성으로 인한 체중감소 현상이 관찰되었다. 또 한 활성산소와 산화질소관련 항산화효소인 글루타치온페록시 다제(GPx)와 카탈라제CAT)의 유의한 증가가 간독성 유발 후 M+AP군에서 확인되었다. 간기능 검사결과에서는 CR+AP군에 서 AST, ALT, 빌리루빈의 감소가 관찰되었다. 면역조절반응과 간기능실험을 통하여 효소처리에 의해 얻어진 옻나무진액투여 군(EX)에서만 자체 독성이 없는 것으로 확인되었으나 조직학 적으로는 약한 염증반응이 부분적으로 관찰되었다. 아세트아 미노펜으로 유도된 간독성실험에서 효소처리 옻나무 진액군과 혼합액 처리군에서 간독성 예방효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 결 론적으로 효소처리한 옻나무진액은 자체 또는 옻나무 열수추 출물과의 혼합적인 사용의 경우 항산화작용을 통한 간보호에 유효한 효과를 나타내는 것으로 판단된다.open석
Globalization and gender gap in Indonesia.
No full textThis thesis contributes to the growing literature of economic development by analyzing the effects of exposure to globalization on gender gap in labour market participation in Indonesia. I combine the individual-level data of three waves (1997, 2000 and 2007) of Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS), with the provincial level data on exports and imports and also use data on population size of all cities in Indonesia by calculating geodesic distance between these cities and the individual’s residence. I construct the province-level Population Gravity Index (PGI) score for each individual based on the idea that cities with larger populations exert more force (or gravity) of globalization, but this force weakens as an individual is located in more remote areas. I interact the individual’s PGI score with provincial exports and imports and sum over all provinces to construct two explanatory variables .export exposure (XEX) and import exposure (IEX). The dependent variables are related to intensive and extensive measures of employment outcomes. I estimate the effects of export and import exposure on probability of paid work for females and males aged from 20 to 65 years controlling for household fixed effects and province- year fixed effects. I find significant results for gender specific effects in labour force participation in Indonesia. The main findings of the thesis provide evidence that women’s work participation is positively responsive to import exposure, and negatively to export exposure. However, I find no significant effects for males working less for pay with export exposure. This means exposure to exporting activities increases household income by increasing income earned by males, and this positive household income effect, in turn, discourages women’s participation in paid work. Therefore, labour supply of men is inelastic in response to export exposure and import exposure. Meanwhile, to be consistent with the income effect, I also look at the probability of paid work in a particular sector. The result shows that females likely to work less both in agriculture and manufacturing sector with an export exposure. To get a closer view of working population’s income status, I observe various employment outcomes by work status. The result is also consistent with the income effect story as I find significant evidence that females prefer to do housework than any other jobs in response to export exposure. This result is also consistent with the income effect story that exposure to exporting activities increases household income by increasing income earned by males, and this positive household income effect discourages women’s participation in paid labour market exhibiting a pronounced gender gap in labour force participation in Indonesia.Thesis (M.Phil.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Economics, 201
Analysing the drivers of dietary diversity, diet quality and household food security in developing Asia: Evidence from urban Vietnam and rural Bangladesh
No full textThis thesis explores the drivers influencing dietary diversity, diet quality and overall food security, using different approaches for urban and rural households in emerging Asia. The first empirical study investigates the possible mechanisms through which modern food environments may affect Vietnamese households’ dietary diversity and diet quality. The analysis uses primary data collected in 2016 and 2017 from 1,700 households in urban Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, as part of the Vietnam Urban Food Consumption and Expenditure Study. To measure household diet quality, Household Dietary Diversity Scores (HDDS), and consumption frequencies of micronutrients (vitamin A and heme iron) and a macronutrient (protein), are calculated using seven-day food recall data. A Poisson regression model is estimated using a two-step control function approach to address the potential endogeneity of key explanatory variable, modern market food expenditure shares. Higher modern market food expenditure shares are significantly associated with consumption of heme iron, however, no significant relationship is found for consumption of vitamin A and protein. Results from system of equations show that modern market food expenditure shares are significantly associated with diet quality through indirect linkages with HDDS. The second study investigates the relationship between ‘western’ foods consumed away-from-home, and the diet quality of 4,997 individuals in Vietnam. Diet quality is measured using 24-hour food diaries which include information on food consumed both at-home and away-from-home. Dependent variables explored are individual daily caloric intake and percent of total calories from the consumption of carbohydrates, fat and protein. After testing for potential endogeneity of the key independent variable, individuals’ daily calorie shares from western food-away-from-home (western FAFH), we find that western FAFH has a significant association with high calorie intake. Our results for macronutrient shares show that western FAFH is associated with a higher intake of fat. The third study examines the relationship between farm households’ food security status, and health and economic shocks using a nationally representative sample of 3,448 rural farm households from a secondary dataset, the 2012 Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey. A consolidated Food Security Index (FSI) is calculated using a suite of food security indicators: food consumption score, food expenditure share and livelihood coping strategies to capture rural farm households’ food consumption, as well as their economic vulnerability. Empirical results from an ordered probit model controlling for village-level unobservables suggest that both health and economic shocks are significantly associated with FSI. Further results show that marginal and small farming households are more vulnerable to food insecurity when health and/or economic shocks impact their households. The results from the two analyses using Vietnam data suggest that policy makers need to be aware of the potential impact of increasingly ‘obesogenic food environments’ on consumer food consumption behaviour and diet quality. Finally, the results of the third analysis using rural data from Bangladeshi farming households, highlights the need for policy makers to consider the unique needs of farming households, the most vulnerable group, when designing food security interventions to address shocks or to eliminate food insecurity among rural populations.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Centre for Global Food and Resources, 201
Silence or violence: A paradoxical perspective on employee voice in the Bangladeshi readymade garment industry
No full textWomen in the Bangladeshi Readymade Garment (RMG) industry are internationally renowned for the brands they make and the exploitation they suffer at the hands of their factory owners, international buyers, and government indifference. The conditions under which these women work is a form of modern slavery (Boersma & Nolan, 2022). Paradoxically, Bangladesh has lifted itself out of dire poverty on the back of these women’s labour. Among these workers, the common form of Employee Voice (EV) is silence, occasionally interrupted with violent strikes. The concept of EV, is a Western concept, embedded in trade unions, legal structures, and the social norms of more affluent nations. Despite this, and in the absence of more relevant concepts, EV remains relevant in the context of developing nations where voices are unheard and so especially deserving of attention (Wilkinson et al., 2018). The emerging literature on EV in developing countries is predominantly descriptive with limited reach in terms of types of research participants and perspectives. In the context of the Bangladesh RMG Industry, the aim of this thesis is to examine EV on the factory floor to better understand its manifestations and the interests of stakeholders in either sustaining or changing working conditions. The research questions are: how and why EV is manifested in relation to wages and conditions of work; how the various stakeholders labour policy and practice; and how labour practices differ between export and domestic factories. The questions are addressed through an exploratory multi-case study research design based on three RMG factories: one export-oriented, one domestic-oriented, and one that sub-contracts to export factories. A total of 45 interviews were held with workers, their supervisors, and managers in addition to a further six interviews with Trade Union and Non-Governmental Organisations (NGO) representatives, plus a senior member of the Department of Labour. analysing the data. Thematic content analysis, overlaid with Paradox Theory, was used to analyse the data around working conditions and perspectives. The findings confirm previous research, with the noted exception of Frenkel et al. (2022) based on data from factory managers, that, despite established regulatory frameworks complying with International Labour guidelines, such rules are regularly ignored, and international buyers’ auditing practices are corrupt. Living in poverty, being illiterate, and having few, if any, other survival options, the women live in fear of expressing voice. The honesty with which all participants discuss working conditions, cruelty and breaking rules is a major Silence or violence: A paradoxical perspective on Employee Voice in the Bangladeshi Readymade Garment Industrycontribution. The analysis exposes four paradoxical tensions inherent in the relationships among workers, factory owners, government, global brands and their buyers, trade unions, and NGOs in the RMG industry. First, government privileges economic over labour conditions and its own laws. Second, the global buyers demonstrate ‘wilful ignorance’ in stating their compliance with labour regulation while turning a blind eye to the factory floor realities and continuing to drive down contract prices and hence wages and conditions. Third, because of trade union relationships with government, NGOs tend to play the roles usually accorded to trade unions. Finally, despite poorer wages and conditions, workers in the domestic factories experience less exploitation and have stronger access to informal forms of voice compared to their counterparts in the export orientated factories where the most violent forms for voice arise. The contributions of the thesis are as follows: expanding knowledge of EV and the relevance or otherwise of Western frameworks in developing countries; access to the range of participants is unique as is their candour; and the use of paradox theory to explore contradictory relationships among stakeholders in global supply chains. From a policy perspective, the thesis highlights the critical role of government in being the ultimate arbiter of labour conditions in its own country
Effectiveness of an integrated approach to reduce perinatal mortality: recent experiences from Matlab, Bangladesh
No full textAbstract Background Improving perinatal health is the key to achieving the Millennium Development Goal for child survival. Recently, several reviews suggest that scaling up available effective perinatal interventions in an integrated approach can substantially reduce the stillbirth and neonatal death rates worldwide. We evaluated the effect of packaged interventions given in pregnancy, delivery and post-partum periods through integration of community- and facility-based services on perinatal mortality. Methods This study took advantage of an ongoing health and demographic surveillance system (HDSS) and a new Maternal, Neonatal and Child Health (MNCH) Project initiated in 2007 in Matlab, Bangladesh in half (intervention area) of the HDSS area. In the other half, women received usual care through the government health system (comparison area). The MNCH Project strengthened ongoing maternal and child health services as well as added new services. The intervention followed a continuum of care model for pregnancy, intrapartum, and post-natal periods by improving established links between community- and facility-based services. With a separate pre-post samples design, we compared the perinatal mortality rates between two periods--before (2005-2006) and after (2008-2009) implementation of MNCH interventions. We also evaluated the difference-of-differences in perinatal mortality between intervention and comparison areas. Results Antenatal coverage, facility delivery and cesarean section rates were significantly higher in the post- intervention period in comparison with the period before intervention. In the intervention area, the odds of perinatal mortality decreased by 36% between the pre-intervention and post-intervention periods (odds ratio: 0.64; 95% confidence intervals: 0.52-0.78). The reduction in the intervention area was also significant relative to the reduction in the comparison area (OR 0.73, 95% CI: 0.56-0.95; P = 0.018). Conclusion The continuum of care approach provided through the integration of service delivery modes decreased the perinatal mortality rate within a short period of time. Further testing of this model is warranted within the government health system in Bangladesh and other low-income countries.</p
Evaluation of Credit Management of Uttara Bank Ltd-A case study from the customers' point of view
No full textAbstract:
Banks play an important role in economic system of a country. The success of a bank depends largely on the efficient credit management. A successful credit management is not only need for a bank’s own performance but also it is needed for the smooth development of an economy. In any strategy of economic development, therefore, it is essential to emphasize the evaluation of a sound and well integrated credit management system from the view point of both resources mobilization and efficient allocation of funds. This is an exploratory study. Here discussed so far about the different aspects of credit management of Uttara Bank. From this aspect have selected Uttara bank. UBL plays an important role in the banking sector as well as in our economy.Paper Link: http://ijsab.com/volume-2-issue-4/149
Slum tourism as a remedial measure for pro-suicide behavior of youth generation in USA
No full textThis study aims to provide valuable insights for future slum tourism market segmentation by targeting the young depressed adults in United States. Doctors suggest that long time deprivation, loss of love, death of beloved one, parent negligence and other reasons of depression influence young people to commit suicide at an earlier stage of their life. Suicide is one of the major causes for developed world’s young death and surprisingly bugger cause than cancer or other fatal deceases for this aged group people and especially for young male adults. While this group cannot find any reason to live longer in this beautiful world, people in other parts of the same planet are struggling for food, shelter or for basic needs by living in slums of the cities developing nations. Although humanitarians are working hard for both of these groups to stop suicide focusing on mental health and to eliminate poverty but none of them have focused earlier thinking of the remedy measures for each other by linking them together. Since suicide rate reduction and poverty eliminations are two different areas of study in formal higher education system as well as research streams, not much link has been found in previous research studies to kill these two tigers with the same bullet. While traveling to slums as slum tourists, pro-suicide adults may find motivation and love for life to see the struggles of slum people in their daily lives, slum residents can also get direct monetary benefit from slum tourists to remove poverty
Spirometric Lung Function Tests in School Children with Asthma
No full textBackground: Asthma is one of the important chronic disorder in childhood, the incidence of paediatric asthma is increasing in many countries. Atopy is highly associated with childhood asthma. Spirometric measurements of lung function are playing a key role in the diagnosis and management of asthma in children. Objective: To observe the lung function status in asthmatic children aged 6-15 years of both sexes. Method: The present observational study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Ibrahim Medical College, Dhaka between January 2010 and June 2010. For this, 30 asthmatic children were selected from Out Patient Department of Paediatric, Dhaka Medical College as a case and 30 apparently healthy children were taken as control. Subjects with history of pneumonia, congenital heart disease were excluded from the study. Spirometry was conducted on all patients by using Spirolab a new generation spirometer according to American Thoracic Society standards FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC% were measured. Measurement of PEFR was also done at the same time by using a new Mini-Wright Peak Flow Meter. Serum Ig-E level was measured by ELISA method and circulating eosinophil count was also measured by observing in peripheral blood flim. Data were analyzed by using SPSS. Statistical analysis was performed by unpaired student t test. Results: The mean percentages of predicted values FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC%, PEFR were significantly lower in asthmatic children compared to those of apparently healthy children(P<0.001). Statistically significant differences of mean circulating eosinophil count and Ig E level( P<0.001) were observed between the groups. Again significant number of parents of the subject had history of allergic rhinitis. Conclusion: The outcome of this study shows lung function status were lower in asthmatic children. DOI: 10.3329/jbsp.v5i2.6781J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2010 December; 5(2): 75-79</jats:p
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