1,721,234 research outputs found
Effect of Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist on Patient-Ventilator Interaction in Mechanically Ventilated Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full textObjectives: Patient-ventilator asynchrony is common among critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation and has been associated with adverse outcomes. Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist is a ventilatory mode that may lead to improved patient-ventilator synchrony. We conducted a systematic review to determine the impact of neurally adjusted ventilatory assist on patient-ventilator asynchrony, other physiologic variables, and clinical outcomes in adult patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation in comparison with conventional pneumatically triggered ventilatory modes. Data Sources: We searched Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, conference abstracts, and until July 2018. Study Selection: Two authors independently screened titles and abstracts for randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials (including crossover design) comparing the occurrence of patient-ventilator asynchrony between neurally adjusted ventilatory assist and pressure support ventilation during mechanical ventilation in critically ill adults. The asynchrony index and severe asynchrony (i.e., asynchrony index > 10%) were the primary outcomes. Data Extraction: Two authors independently extracted study characteristics and outcomes and assessed risk of bias of included studies. Data Synthesis: Of 11,139 unique citations, 26 studies (522 patients) met the inclusion criteria. Sixteen trials were included in the meta-analysis using random effects models through the generic inverse variance method. In several different clinical scenarios, the use of neurally adjusted ventilatory assist was associated with significantly reduced asynchrony index (mean difference, -8.12; 95% CI, -11.61 to -4.63; very low quality of evidence) and severe asynchrony (odds ratio, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.23-0.76; moderate quality of evidence) as compared with pressure support ventilation. Furthermore, other measurements of asynchrony were consistently improved during neurally adjusted ventilatory assist. Conclusions: Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist improves patient-ventilator synchrony; however, its effects on clinical outcomes remain uncertain. Randomized controlled trials are needed to determine whether the physiologic efficiency of neurally adjusted ventilatory assist affects patient-important outcomes in critically ill adults
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Cytotoxicity Of Dehydrocrotonin (a Nor-clerodane From Croton Cajucara) On Human Lymphocytes
No full textTrans-Dehydrocrotonin, a 19-nor-clerodane, is the major norditerpene obtained from Croton cajucara, a Brazilian medicinal plant which presents important biological effects, such as antineoplastic and antiulcerogenic activities. In this work, we analyzed the effect of this sesquiterpene lactone on normal human lymphocytes. The cell viability was verified after treatment for 24 and 72 h with trans-dehydrocrotonin, in the presence and absence of phytohemagglutin (specific mitogen for this cell), through three end-points to assess cytotoxicity in vitro: MTT reduction (mitochondrial function), protein quantification (cell number) and phosphatase activity (cell metabolism). When the cells were treated with dehydrocrotonin in the presence of mitogen, no toxic effect was observed. Nevertheless, in the absence of mitogen, the IC50 was 450 μM for MTT reduction and phosphatase activity. Moreover, in this condition, trans-dehydrocrotonin caused stimulation of protein content from 100 μM. Our results suggest that phytohemagglutin protects human lymphocytes against the trans-dehydrocrotonin toxic effect.276914917Cho, J.Y., Baik, K.U., Jung, J.H., Park, M.H., (2000) Eur. J. Pharmacol, 398, pp. 399-407Hiruma-Lima, C.A., Gracioso, J.S., Rodriguez, J.A., Haun, M., Nunes, D.S., Brito, A.R.M.S., (2000) J. Ethnopharmacol, 69, pp. 229-234Costa, A.M.L., Silva, J.C.R., Rao, V.S.N., Maciel, M.A.M., Pinto, A.C., (1990) Phytother. Res, 13, pp. 689-691Grynberg, N.F., Echevarria, A., Lima, J.E., Pamplona, S.S.R., Pinto, A.C., Maciel, M.A.M., (1999) Planta Med, 65, pp. 687-689Costa, M.P., Magalhaes, N.S.S., Gomes, F.E.S., (2007) Braz. J. Pharm, 17, pp. 275-286Maciel, M.A.M., Aoyama, H., Melo, P.S., Granjeiro, P.A., Haun, M., Ferreira, C.V., (2000) Pharm. Pharmacol. Comm, 6, pp. 331-334Lemos, T.M.A., Miranda, M.A., Cavagis, A.D.M., Aoyama, H., Ferreira, C.V., (2008) Lat. Am. J. Pharm, 27, pp. 436-439Ferreira, C.V., Justo, G.Z., Souza, A.C.S., Queiroz, K.C.S., Zambuzzi, W.F., Aoyama, H., Peppelenbosch, M.P., (2006) Biochem, 8, pp. 1859-1873Harrison, S., Page, C.P., Spina, D., (1999) Gen. Pharmacol, 32, pp. 287-298Zhang, Z.-Y., (2001) Curr. Oppin. Chem. Biol, 5, pp. 416-423Szamel, M., Ebel, U., Uciechowski, P., Kaever, V., Resch, K., (1997) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1356, pp. 217-248Queiroz, K.C.S., Zambuzzi, W.F., Souza, A.C.S., Silva, R.A., Machado, D., Justo, Z., Carvalho, H.F., Ferreira, C.V., (2007) Cancer Lett, 258, pp. 126-134Souza-Brito, A.R.M., Rodriguez, J.A., Hiruma-Lima, C.A., Haun, M., Nunes, D.S., (1998) Planta Med, 64, pp. 126-129Maciel, M.A.M., Pinto, A.C., Brabo, S.N., Silva, M.N., (1998) Phytochemistry, 49, pp. 823-828Denizot, F., Lang, R., (1986) J. Immunol. Meth, 89, pp. 271-277Hartree, E.F., (1972) Anal. Biochem, 48, pp. 422-427Loveland, B.E., Johns, T.G., Mackay, I.R., Vaillant, F., Wang, Z.X., Hertzog, P., (1992) Assays Biochem. Internat, 27, pp. 501-510Nieper, H., Müller, H., (1998) Virol. Meth, 72, pp. 153-162Narasimhan, T.R., Harindranath, N., Premlata, S., Kesava Murthy, B.S., Subba Rao, P.V., (1985) Planta Med, 14, pp. 194-197Jodynis-Liebert, J., Murias, M., Bloszyk, E., (2000) Planta Med, 66, pp. 199-20
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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