1,721,023 research outputs found
Vertical Price Transmission in the Italian Milk Supply Chain: Understanding the Role of Distributors, CAP Reforms, and Market (Non) Fundamentals.
No full textGli ultimi vent'anni hanno rappresentato un periodo di forte cambiamento per i mercati agroalimentari mondiali. Le diverse fusioni e acquisizioni hanno generato preoccupazioni circa il livello di concentrazione lungo le filiere agroalimentari e la conseguente inefficiente distribuzione del valore. Le recenti fluttuazioni dei prezzi delle materie prime agricole a livello mondiale sono state trasmesse ai diversi mercati agricoli Europei, mentre la Politica Agricola Comune (PAC) si è mossa verso una forte liberalizzazione degli stessi mercati. Capire in che modo questi due eventi hanno impattato i meccanismi di trasmissione di prezzo rappresenta una priorità per i policymaker come per la comunità scientifica. L'analisi delle dinamiche di trasmissione di prezzo ha suscitato quindi un notevole interesse tra gli economisti agrari. I prezzi rappresentano il primo anello di congiunzione tra i vari agenti delle filiere, guidando decisioni sia strategiche che strutturali. Per questo motivo si rivela uno strumento fondamentale per la descrizione del funzionamento delle filiere e delle relazioni tra gli agenti che le compongono, individuando e formulando ipotesi sulle fonti di inefficienza. Inoltre, permette di capire quali sono gli agenti maggiormente colpiti dai cambiamenti di prezzo, fornendo una solida base per lo sviluppo e la valutazione delle politiche e della distribuzione del valore. Il settore lattiero-caseario rappresenta un mercato affascinante, sia per la sua importanza economica, sia per rappresentare un settore agricolo di forti interventi di politica Europea. Da un lato, i produttori di latte affermano come un sistema distributivo fortemente concentrato stia erodendo i loro margini, mentre la forte dipendenza dai mercati cerealicoli (input primari per l'alimentazione dei bovini che rappresentano più della metà dei costi di trasformazione) rende il sistema ancora più complesso. Infine, la PAC ha conosciuto, dal 200 ad oggi, importanti riforme volte a liberalizzare i mercati agricoli europei, che non hanno risparmiato il settore lattiero-caseario. Attraverso l’applicazione di tre diversi modelli non strutturali di serie temporali per le tre diverse macro-aree descritte, la presente tesi vuole offrire un'analisi della filiera italiana del latte. In un primo capitolo viene analizzata la trasmissione di prezzo tra l’industria di trasformazione e la distribuzione moderna, tenendo conto del latte convenzionale e della sua controparte biologica. Attraverso l’uso di un dataset unico di prezzi scanner, i risultati forniscono nuovi spunti riguardo le strategie e le dinamiche dell’anello distributivo, così come sul funzionamento di un mercato di nicchia come il latte biologico. Successivamente, tenendo conto delle riforme PAC, viene studiato nuovamente il processo di trasmissione dei prezzi tra i trasformatori industriali e la distribuzione, concludendo come le riforme abbiano eliminato le asimmetrie ma aumentato la volatilità, ostacolando la velocità di aggiustamento del mercato al suo equilibrio di lungo periodo. Infine, attraverso un approccio più flessibile che tiene conto di eventuali interruzioni nella relazione di cointegrazione, è stato indagato l’impatto di un'ampia gamma di variabili, di tipo sia esogeno che endogeno rispetto al mercato di riferimento, sul meccanismo di trasmissione verticale dei prezzi tra il mais italiano e il mangime composto destinato alle vacche da latte. Considerando diverse serie di prezzi di tipo esogeno ed endogeno, si è rilevato come i cosiddetti non-fondamentali del mercato abbiano effetti trascurabili, mentre variabili afferenti ai fondamentali di mercato svolgano ancora un ruolo rilevante nella definizione dei cicli di prezzo nel mercato mangimistico Italiano.The last twenty years undoubtedly represented a very tumultuous run for the agrifood markets worldwide. Mergers and acquisitions (especially at the processing and retail levels) have raised worries about concentration level within the agro-food industry about market power exertion, and the following inefficient distribution of value. Recent international agricultural commodities price fluctuations have been pass-through along food chains, whereas the European Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) moved towards a strong liberalization of the agricultural markets. Disentangling how these two events framed price transmission mechanisms in European agricultural markets is a priority for policymakers and the academic community, allowing for a better understanding of the food sector functioning. The analysis of vertical price transmission dynamics has attracted considerable interest among agricultural economists. Indeed, prices are the first link among market economic agents, driving both strategic and structural decisions. Unveiling price transmission dynamics deepens the understanding of how the chain works, spotting inefficiencies, and draw hypothesis over the source of such inefficient behaviors. Facilitating the understanding on which agents of the supply chain the burden of price changes is taking place, provides a basis for policy assessment and contributes to the debate of the distributional effects in the food system. The dairy sector represents a fascinating argument, both for its economic importance and for being the most intervened agricultural sector under the CAP. Dairy farmers are claiming the distribution system is eroding their margins through the exertion of market power. The interrelation with the cereal markets – being cereals and oil crops raw inputs for bovine feeding, and accruing for more than a half of milk production costs in Italy – makes the system even more complex, since the 2007 commodity price increase opened up a fierce debate over the causes of such rise. The CAP featured important reforms since the 2000s, aimed at a liberalizing the European agricultural markets. Applying non-structural time series econometric models, this Thesis offers an analysis of the Italian milk supply chain, discovering price transmission processes considering three different macro-arguments (i.e., the role of distributors, the CAP liberalization reforms, and the effect of market (non) fundamentals) approached with three different econometric models. Firstly, we analyzed the PT mechanism between the processing and distribution phases, accounting for the conventional fluid milk and its organic counterpart. We relied on a unique retail-scanner price dataset accruing for a quality-differenced product, two aspects providing new insights both on the functioning of the distribution level and niche markets. Long and short-run behaviors describe different mechanisms of transmission according to specific structures of the two different retailing systems. Accounting for CAP reforms (i.e., structural breaks) in the cointegrating relationship, we investigated the price transmission process between industrial processors and retailers, disentangling how reforms impacted the process. Results indicate the set of reforms eliminated asymmetries, although the increase in price volatility hampered the speed of adjustment of the market to the equilibrium. Finally, a more flexible approach has been designed to investigate the impact of a wide range of variables, both exogenous and endogenous, on the vertical price transmission mechanism between Italian maize and Italian compound feed for dairy cows. Considering energy-related price series for both crude oil and biofuels, as well as financial-related variables, we conclude that non-fundamentals have negligible effects on the mechanism of transmission concerning the Italian scenario, while market fundamentals (i.e., supply and demand) still play a relevant role in shaping price cycles
Sacha inchi. Investigación sobre las condiciones para el reconocimiento de la indicación geográfica en el Perú
No full textExploring consumers’ attitude towards cultured meat in Italy
No full textCultured meat may be a novel food that would overcome the limits of conventional meat production. This paper assesses the willingness to try, buy and pay for cultured meat among a sample of Italian consumers, unveiling the attitudes towards an engineered food on the part of a consumer oriented in favour of the Mediterranean diet. A survey was conducted by submitting a questionnaire to 525 Italian consumers. Consumers showed higher agreement with the statements concerning positive externalities than the intrinsic characteristics of cultured meat, and more than half of the respondents (54%) stated that they would be willing to try cultured meat. The profile for a potential consumer of cultured meat was young, highly educated, somewhat familiar with cultured meat, a meat consumer and willing to reduce meat consumption. However, the survey findings may be biased by the unavailability of the product on the market and the information provided to the respondents focused on the potential benefits of cultured meat
The future of cultured meat between sustainability expectations and socio-economic challenges
No full text
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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