955 research outputs found
Rashid al-Din’s “Shuab-i Pandjghana”: Research Perspectives
No full textThe author of the present study describes Rashid al-Din’s work “Shuab-i Pandjghana” obtained from the archives of the Topkapi Palace Museum in Istanbul. The article contains a brief description of the previous study of this important work. The author presents his own version about how “Shuab-i pandjghana” came to Anatolia, how the latest version of Rashid al-Din’s work corresponds to his famous composition “Compendium of Chronicles”, and tries to determine the date when this wide genealogy was created. The author also analyzes the information on the “Shuab-i pandjghana” contained in A.P.Grigoryev’s study
Strategic Reforms for Accelerated Agricultural Growth in Pakistan
No full textAgricultural growth rates in the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s and 1990s show that strong growth during the 1960s was driven by several factors, including greater certainty in the use of irrigation water (as a result of an agreement with India), the introduction of productivityenhancing fertiliser-seed packages, the introduction of tubewells and the electrification of rural areas, and policy changes that improved the profitability of farming. Growth during the 1970s dropped to 2.3 percent as a result of the uncertainty created by land reforms in 1972 and 1977, severe climatic shocks, a cotton virus that depressed production for most of the decade, and political instability. The recovery in the 1980s and early 1990s can be attributed to the introduction of new cotton varieties and improved management techniques, as well as to a gradual improvement in economic incentives. Closer inspection of the nature and sources of this growth raises concerns about its sustainability and casts doubt on the ability of the sector to grow by more than 3–4 percent a year in the future. Many of the past sources of agricultural growth in Pakistan appear to have been fully exploited. Strategy for the future must effectively address the followings. Allowing the market to Operate, policy reforms that support the ongoing structural adjustment should be given top priority. To address the crisis in irrigation management market-determined incentives must be allowed to determine resource allocation within the irrigation system. Reform in extension should include establishing closer links with research institutions and reducing the number of front-line extension workers and replacing them with fewer, bettertrained workers who are more responsive to the needs of farming systems. Full-fledged land reform is difficult to enact and can be considered only after a comprehensive study of costs and benefits. Some important measures can be implemented immediately, however. Foremost is providing security of tenure to many farmers, especially tenants-at-will, thereby improving responsiveness to incentives and creating better incentives for long-term investments.
Communication Technologies for Vehicles: Third International Workshop, Nets4Cars/Nets4Trains 2011 Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany, March 23-24, 2011 Proceedings
No full textThe Communication Technologies for Vehicles workshop series provides an international forum on latest technologies and research in the field of intra- and inter-vehicle communications in which to present original research results in all areas relating to communication protocols and standards, mobility and traffic models, experimental and field operational testing, and performance analysis
Pakistan: Breaking out of stagflation into sustained growth
No full textThis paper proposes that the underlying cause of the macroeconomic problems facing Pakistan today are a series of supply shocks which have constrained output growth. It is argued that while the current debate has solely focused on government expenditures and revenues, it is critical to also address the acute energy shortages which is constraining supply. The paper goes on to present four recommendations for breaking out of the present stagflation: (i) prudent macroeconomic management, (ii) reviving the role of the government in development while restoring fiscal balance, (iii) loosening monetary policy in order to spur the private sector, and (iv) improving social safety nets.Economic Growth, Supply Shock, Pakistan
Tiered laboratory analyses for common infections to characterize febrile morbidity not related to malaria in Sierra Leone
No full textIn tropical Africa, fever is commonly associated with malaria. However, there are many other illnesses presenting with fever. Non-malaria febrile illnesses (NMFIs) may be attributable to multiple etiologic agents including viral, bacterial and parasitic infections in malaria-endemic resource-poor countries. NMFIs pose challenges to peripheral health systems such that they are clinically under-diagnosed while malaria remains over-diagnosed. Misdiagnoses of a febrile condition may lead to wrong prescription that delays treatment and increases expenditure on health-care and also leads to increased morbidity and mortality. In Sierra Leone, dealing with infections other than malaria remain a serious problem, starting from diagnosis to providing care. Several factors make it difficult to test and treat for NMFIs. Fewer febrile people report their fevers to healthcare centers and there are fewer resources generally which include: fewer laboratories, insufficiently trained laboratory technicians, inadequate standardized infrastructure and unsuitable equipment, epileptic power supplies as well as poor cold-chain storage conditions for reagents among others.
The primary goal of this Ph.D. study was to investigate the prevalence/incidence of NMFIs in Bo, Sierra Leone, using a tiered laboratory analyzes method. The specific objectives were to: investigate the types and etiology of non-malarial febrile illnesses in Bo, Sierra Leone; determine the prevalence/incidence of non-malarial pathogens causing febrile illnesses, and investigate the distribution of NMFIs.
The study started with a baseline and syndromic survey of all households in the study community (n=882 households with 5410 persons). A total cohort of 1403 persons was recruited and followed for a period of one year. After obtaining informed-consent, bio-samples were obtained from febrile subjects and used for laboratory analyses involving three tiers.
The first tier (T1) included the use of rapid, lateral flow assays (RLFAs). T1 tests were: chikungunya, malaria, typhoid fever, syphilis, HIV, hepatitis A, B and C, dengue fever, leptospirosis, influenza A and B, RSV and Streptococcus aureus. Subsequent tests at Tier 2 included singleplex and multiplex PCR and bacterial culture; with resequencing pathogen microarray at Tier 3.
From the initial survey 882 households with 5410 individuals and 76.6% reported having malaria in a month prior to the study. About 1402 (25.9%) of persons in participating households were reported to have had a fever within the past six months. The rate of fever reported differed by age group and sex, with young children having the highest rate (
Research Collaboration and Knowledge Exchange in the Age of Open Science (Embracing New Paradigms)
No full text<p>This presentation discusses the evolving role of open science in fostering research collaboration and knowledge exchange. A case study on COVID-19 research demonstrates the power of open science in rapidly addressing global health challenges.</p>
Hindianizing Heidi: Working children in Abdul Rashid Kardar's Do Phool
No full textThis article addresses Do Phool (1958), Abdul Rashid Kardar's film adaptation of Johanna Spyri's classic children's novel Heidi (1880). Kadar's film reconfigures Spyri's vision of the Romantic child within the idiom of popular Hindi cinema - with its particular performance traditions and mythological allusions - in order to project an ideological image of the newly independent State. The film therefore exemplifies what Tejaswini Ganti has called (H)Indianization. Attending closely to the work of the child actors presented in the film can reveal the ideological and allegorical use of childhood in 1950s Hindi cinema, as well as the uneven development of childhood as a universal category. © 2011 The Author
Avtomatizacija BIM: Projektne možnosti za optimizacijo E energetske učinkovitosti
No full textThe building sector accounts for a significant amount of energy consumption, exerting a substantial environmental impact. Hence, prioritizing the enhancement and optimization of building energy performance is imperative for designers. However, designing such efficient buildings is a complex process, often leading designers to overlook this aspect. Many available tools primarily target energy prediction in final design stages rather than the conceptual phases, where critical decisions are made. Consequently, streamlining the initial design stage is essential. This is where Building Information Modeling (BIM) emerges as a potent force, reshaping the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry. By harnessing BIM tools for automation, designers and architects can readily create energy-efficient, optimized buildings. This research aims to delve into the diverse applications of BIM automation techniques in design optimization and energy efficiency practices. The study seeks to ascertain and evaluate the potential advantages of integrating BIM automation during the design phase to bolster energy efficiency in buildings. The investigation employed several qualitative and quantitative methodologies. The methodology is concluded into three key phases: analysis of methodologies from prior studies, selecting the base-case for the study, and examining the proposed automation workflows. The study-case is a simple building designed by the author, serving as a base to assess the different workflows. The exploration encompasses three levels of methodological automation. The first level involves manual workflow application, which, while time consuming and prone to human errors, limits the design options exploration. The second level focused on visual programming workflows but struggled due to limitations and inflexibility of tools like Dynamo for automation. It\u27s evident that sole reliance on visual programming might not suffice for comprehensive automation. Integrating textual programming scripts emerges to augment and expedite the process more effectively. The final level merges both visual and textual programming, particularly Python. This workflow focused on fully automating design options generation, exporting to gbXML, optimization, and data analysis. The use of Python demonstrates its prowess in automation and data analysis, allowing for rapid, accurate creation of numerous design options. Through these investigations, the study gauges the efficacy and best practices of BIM automation in design optimization. The outcomes of the study culminate in proposed workflows for automating design optimization during early stages. Though limitations persist due to closed-source design tools, the role of programming in the design process is increasingly pivotal, offering unencumbered access to data for informed decisions.Gradbeni sektor je odgovoren za velik delež porabe energije in ima posledično znaten vpliv na okolje, zato je ena izmed prioritet načrtovalcev tudi izboljšava in optimizacija energijske učinkovitosti stavb. Vendar pa je načrtovanje energijsko učinkovitih stavb kompleksen proces, kar pogosto pomeni, da projektanti ta vidik pri načrtovanju spregledajo. Številka razpoložljiva orodja se v glavnem osredotočajo na analizo energijske porabe v zaključnih fazah načrtovanja, ne v zgodnjih, konceptualne fazah, ko se sprejemajo ključne odločitve, ki vplivajo na energijsko učinkovitost stavbe. Posledično je bistveno poenostaviti začetne faze načrtovanja. Tu se izkaže BIM (angl. Building Information Modelling) kot močno orodje, ki preoblikuje celotno gradbeno industrijo, saj lahko s pomočjo orodij BIM za avtomatizacijo načrtovalci lažje ustvarijo energetsko učinkovite in optimizirane stavbe. Namen te naloge je raziskati raznolike uporabe različnih tehnik avtomatizacije BIM za potrebe optimizacije projektnih rešitev in energijske učinkovitosti. Naloga si prizadeva ugotoviti in oceniti potencialne prednosti integracije avtomatizacije BIM tekom faze načrtovanja z namenom povečati energijske učinkovitosti stavb. Raziskava je uporabila več kvantitativnih in kvalitativnih metodologij. Metodologija je strjena v tri ključne faze: analiza metodologij iz prejšnjih študij, izbira osnovnega primera za študijo in pregled predlaganih delovnih tokov avtomatizacije. Osnovni primer, izbran za študijo primera, je enostavna stavba, ki jo je avtor naloge zasnoval z namenom testiranja različnih delovnih tokov. Raziskava zajema tri metodološke ravni avtomatizacije. Prva raven vključuje uporabo ročnega dela, ki poleg časovne potratnosti in nagnjenosti k nastopu človeških napak omejuje možnost proučevanja različnih variant projektnih rešitev. Druga raven se osredotoča na uporabo delovnih tokov, ki vključujejo vizualno programiranje. Izkaže se, da se zgolj zanašanje na vizualno programiranje morda ne zadošča za celovito avtomatizacijo. Kot dobra rešitev za povečanje učinkovitosti in pospešitev delovnega procesa se pojavi integracija tekstovnega programiranja znotraj vizualnega programiranja. Zadnja, tretja raven vključuje kombinacijo vizualnega in tekstualnega programiranja, konkretneje uporabo programskega jezika Python. Ta delovni tok se osredotoča na v celoti avtomatizirano generiranje različnih variant projektnih rešitev, izvoz v datotečni format gbXML, optimizacijo in analizo podatkov. Programski jezik Python se izkaže za zelo zmogljivega z vidika avtomatizacije in analize podatkov, saj omogoča hitro in natančno generiranje velikega števila variantnih rešitev. Rezultati opravljene študije tvorijo predlagani delovni tok za avtomatizacijo optimizacije projektnih rešitev v zgodnjih fazah načrtovanja. Čeprav so omejitve zaradi uporabe zaprto kodnih programskih orodij še vedno prisotne, postaja vloga programiranja v procesu načrtovanja vse pomembnejša, saj omogoča neoviran dostop do informacij za potrebe sprejemanja informiranih odločitev
ڈاکٹرجمیل جالبی کا حاسئہ تحقیق : میرا جی، راشد اور میرکے خصوصی حوالےسے: SENSATION OF RESEARCH OF DR JAMIL JALBI:WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MIRA.G, RASHID & MEER
No full textDr. Jamil Jalbi being an authentic reference of Urdu literature, Research and criticism has no alternative in Reseach specially. He has reviewed critically work of many literary personalites. Critical analysis of Mira.G, Rashid and Meer by Dr Jamil Jalbi are significantly known in Urdu literature. The purpose of this article is to explore Reseach expertise of Dr. Jamil Jalbi regarding Kulyat-e-Meera G, Noon-Meem Rashid-Aik Mutalia, Muhammad Taqi Meer. Author has concluded that criterion and standards of Research established by Dr. Jamil Jalbi are road map for new scholars and Researchers
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Assessment on Bat-Borne Zoonotic Diseases Among the People of Moyamba District, Sierra Leone
No full textSamuel Maxwell Tom Williams,1 Rashid Ansumana,2 Jonathan Johnny,3 Ibrahim A Bakarr,3 Augustus Osborne1 1Department of Biological Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, Njala University, Freetown, Sierra Leone; 2Department of Public Health, School of Community Health Sciences, Njala University, Freetown, Sierra Leone; 3Department of Wildlife Management and Conservation, School of Natural Resources Management, Njala University, Freetown, Sierra LeoneCorrespondence: Samuel Maxwell Tom Williams, Tel +23278462858, Email [email protected]: Bats are considered wildlife species of public health concern, as they are known to host various pathogenic agents, and their interactions with humans are potential routes of pathogen spillover. A high level of knowledge on Bat-borne Zoonotic Diseases (BZD), their causative agents, signs, symptoms, mode and pattern of transmission, health attitudes, and practices towards the disorders are vital parameters in handling them. This study aimed to look into BZD knowledge, public attitudes, and behaviour.Methods: We surveyed the 14 chiefdoms of Moyamba district. A total of 421 participants were randomly sampled using closed-ended questionnaire. Simple linear regression analysis was used to determine the effects of gender, age, education, and livelihood opportunities on BZD knowledge (at 95% confidence interval and alpha value = 0.05). The findings were analysed and correlated with a scientific and public health perspective to assess the breadth of knowledge and awareness of BZD among the people of Moyamba district.Results: The findings from the study show a low level of knowledge on BZD among the people of the Moyamba district, with only 119 (28.3%) individuals that had some knowledge about BZD. Of those that knew about BZD, 94 (79.0%) had very little knowledge, 24 (20.2%) had a fair amount, and 1 (0.8%) had a great deal of knowledge about BZD. The primary mode of knowledge dissemination was through social media platforms.Conclusion: The level of knowledge about BZD is also very low. As a result of these findings, policymakers, health professionals, and environmental educators will be compelled to develop strategies to reduce the risk of BZD transmission in Sierra Leone’s population.Keywords: bat-borne zoonotic diseases, public health, transmission, Moyamba District, knowledge assessment, policymaker
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