136,049 research outputs found
Trial and error mathematics: Dialectical systems and completions of theories
No full textThis paper is part of a project that is based on the notion of a dialectical system, introduced by Magari as a way of capturing trial and error mathematics. In Amidei et al. (2016, Rev. Symb. Logic, 9, 1-26) and Amidei et al. (2016, Rev. Symb. Logic, 9, 299-324), we investigated the expressive and computational power of dialectical systems, and we compared them to a new class of systems, that of quasi-dialectical systems, that enrich Magari's systems with a natural mechanism of revision. In the present paper we consider a third class of systems, that of p-dialectical systems, that naturally combine features coming from the two other cases. We prove several results about p-dialectical systems and the sets that they represent. Then we focus on the completions of first-order theories. In doing so, we consider systems with connectives, i.e. systems that encode the rules of classical logic. We show that any consistent system with connectives represents the completion of a given theory. We prove that dialectical and q-dialectical systems coincide with respect to the completions that they can represent. Yet, p-dialectical systems are more powerful; we exhibit a p-dialectical system representing a completion of Peano Arithmetic that is neither dialectical nor q-dialectical
TRIAL and ERROR MATHEMATICS II: DIALECTICAL SETS and QUASIDIALECTICAL SETS, THEIR DEGREES, and THEIR DISTRIBUTION WITHIN the CLASS of LIMIT SETS
No full textThis paper is a continuation of Amidei, Pianigiani, San Mauro, Simi, & Sorbi (2016), where we have introduced the quasidialectical systems, which are abstract deductive systems designed to provide, in line with Lakatos' views, a formalization of trial and error mathematics more adherent to the real mathematical practice of revision than Magari's original dialectical systems. In this paper we prove that the two models of deductive systems (dialectical systems and quasidialectical systems) have in some sense the same information content, in that they represent two classes of sets (the dialectical sets and the quasidialectical sets, respectively), which have the same Turing degrees (namely, the computably enumerable Turing degrees), and the same enumeration degrees (namely, the enumeration degrees). Nonetheless, dialectical sets and quasidialectical sets do not coincide. Even restricting our attention to the so-called loopless quasidialectical sets, we show that the quasidialectical sets properly extend the dialectical sets. As both classes consist of sets, the extent to which the two classes differ is conveniently measured using the Ershov hierarchy: indeed, the dialectical sets are ω-computably enumerable (close inspection also shows that there are dialectical sets which do not lie in any finite level; and in every finite level n ≥ 2 of the Ershov hierarchy there is a dialectical set which does not lie in the previous level); on the other hand, the quasidialectical sets spread out throughout all classes of the hierarchy (close inspection shows that for every ordinal notation a of a nonzero computable ordinal, there is a quasidialectical set lying in , but in none of the preceding levels)
Jaufre Rudel: Longinquus amor, amor de lonh, amors loingtaignes. Dallo spazio al tempo?
No full textIl saggio si sofferma sulla celebre formula amor de lonh nel vers Lanquan li jorn di Jaufre Rudel. Il meccanismo strutturale del componimento appare costruito sul mot-refrain lonh e il sintagma amor de lonh utilizzati prima con aequivocatio e poi con ripresa anaforica, rispettivamente nelle coblas I-V e VI-VII. Tale dato e rimandi testuali quali il longinquus amor di Properzio – già additato da Roncaglia e Patrizia Onesta come vero e proprio topos letterario utilizzato nella lirica di Jaufre – e gli amors loingtaignes del Lai d\u27Aristote farebbero ipotizzare che Lanquan li jorn utilizzi il sintagma poi cristallizzatosi e di enorme e inuguagliato successo letterario nell\u27accezione temporale di "amore costante, durevole, di lungo corso".Abstract: The essay is focused on the famous formula amor de lonh in Jaufre Rudel\u27s Lanquan li jorn son lonc en mai. The metric structure appears to be built around the mot-refrain lonh and the syntagm amor de lonh first with variatio and then with anaphora (in coblas I-V and VI-VII respectively). According to this data and textual references as Propertius\u27 longinquus amor – already considered by Roncaglia and Patrizia Onesta as a literary topos in Jaufre\u27s lyric – and Lai d\u27Aristote\u27s amors loingtaignes, the famous syntagm amor de lonh (later fixed and of incomparable literary success) was probably used by the author in the temporal meaning of "constant, long-lasting love".  
Itinerario d'Italia
No full textSign.: []\p1\s, a\p8\s, A-Z\p8\s, 2A-2G\p8\s, 2H\p10\sPort. con esc. xilFront. calcLas h. de lám. pleg. son map. calc. de ciudades italianasAs f. de lám. pleg. son map. calc. de cidades italiana
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Boccaccio, la cortesia e la tradizione "veneziana" dello Stilnovo
No full textL'intervento tratta, a partire dal «Filocolo» e dalla ballata di Caleon «Io son del terzo ciel cosa gentile» posta al centro del romanzo giovanile (l. IV, 43) perfettamente omometra della dubbia dantesca «Donne i' non so» (d. II, YZZ ABc ABc CZZ tràdita dal cod. Escorialense e. III. 23, c. 76r e in versione pluristrofica dai codd. Ricc. 2317 e Pal. 613) dell'ispirazione cortese in Boccaccio, dello sperimentalismo boccacciano, e dei legami delle ballate del Boccaccio sino al «Decameron» con la tradizione "veneziana" delle rime dello Stilnovo di cui l'Escorialense è il capostipite
Measurements of branching fraction ratios and CP-asymmetries in suppressed B-→D(→K+π-)K- and B-→D(→K+π-)π- decays
No full textAaltonen, T., Álvarez González, B., Amerio, S., Amidei, D., Anastassov, A., Annovi, A., Antos, J., Apollinari, G., Appel, J.A., Apresyan, A., Arisawa, T., Artikov, A., Asaadi, J., Ashmanskas, W., Auerbach, B., Aurisano, A., Azfar, F., Badgett, W., Barbaro-Galtieri, A., Barnes, V.E., Barnett, B.A., Barria, P., Bartos, P., Bauce, M., Bauer, G., Bedeschi, F., Beecher, D., Behari, S., Bellettini, G., Bellinger, J., Benjamin, D., Beretvas, A., Bhatti, A., Binkley, M., Bisello, D., Bizjak, I., Bland, K.R., Blumenfeld, B., Bocci, A., Bodek, A., Bortoletto, D., Boudreau, J., Boveia, A., Brigliadori, L., Brisuda, A., Bromberg, C., Brucken, E., Bucciantonio, M., Budagov, J., Budd, H.S., Budd, S., Burkett, K., Busetto, G., Bussey, P., Buzatu, A., Calancha, C., Camarda, S., Campanelli, M., Campbell, M., Canelli, F., Carls, B., Carlsmith, D., Carosi, R., Carrillo, S., Carron, S., Casal, B., Casarsa, M., Castro, A., Catastini, P., Cauz, D., Cavaliere, V., Cavalli-Sforza, M., Cerri, A., Cerrito, L., Chen, Y.C., Chertok, M., Chiarelli, G., Chlachidze, G., Chlebana, F., Cho, K., Chokheli, D., Chou, J.P., Chung, W.H., Chung, Y.S., Ciobanu, C.I., Ciocci, M.A., Clark, A., Clarke, C., Compostella, G., Convery, M.E., Conway, J., Corbo, M., Cordelli, M., Cox, C.A., Cox, D.J., Crescioli, F., Cuenca Almenar, C., Cuevas, J., Culbertson, R., Dagenhart, D., D'Ascenzo, N., Datta, M., De Barbaro, P., De Cecco, S., De Lorenzo, G., Dell'Orso, M., Deluca, C., Demortier, L., Deng, J., Deninno, M., Devoto, F., D'Errico, M., Di Canto, A., Di Ruzza, B., Dittmann, J.R., D'Onofrio, M., Donati, S., Dong, P., Dorigo, M., Dorigo, T., Ebina, K., Elagin, A., Eppig, A., Erbacher, R., Errede, D., Errede, S., Ershaidat, N., Eusebi, R., Fang, H.C., Farrington, S., Feindt, M., Fernandez, J.P., Ferrazza, C., Field, R., Flanagan, G., Forrest, R., Frank, M.J., Franklin, M., Freeman, J.C., Funakoshi, Y., Furic, I., Gallinaro, M., Galyardt, J., Garcia, J.E., Garfinkel, A.F., Garosi, P., Gerberich, H., Gerchtein, E., Giagu, S., Giakoumopoulou, V., Giannetti, P., Gibson, K., Ginsburg, C.M., Giokaris, N., Giromini, P., Giunta, M., Giurgiu, G., Glagolev, V., Glenzinski, D., Gold, M., Goldin, D., Goldschmidt, N., Golossanov, A., Gomez, G., Gomez-Ceballos, G., Goncharov, M., González, O., Gorelov, I., Goshaw, A.T., Goulianos, K., Grinstein, S., Grosso-Pilcher, C., Group, R.C., Guimaraes Da Costa, J., Gunay-Unalan, Z., Haber, C., Hahn, S.R., Halkiadakis, E., Hamaguchi, A., Han, J.Y., Happacher, F., Hara, K., Hare, D., Hare, M., Harr, R.F., Hatakeyama, K., Hays, C., Heck, M., Heinrich, J., Herndon, M., Hewamanage, S., Hidas, D., Hocker, A., Hopkins, W., Horn, D., Hou, S., Hughes, R.E., Hurwitz, M., Husemann, U., Hussain, N., Hussein, M., Huston, J., Introzzi, G., Iori, M., Ivanov, A., James, E., Jang, D., Jayatilaka, B., Jeon, E.J., Jha, M.K., Jindariani, S., Johnson, W., Jones, M., Joo, K.K., Jun, S.Y., Junk, T.R., Kamon, T., Karchin, P.E., Kasmi, A., Kato, Y., Ketchum, W., Keung, J., Khotilovich, V., Kilminster, B., Kim, D.H., Kim, H.S., Kim, H.W., Kim, J.E., Kim, M.J., Kim, S.B., Kim, S.H., Kim, Y.K., Kimura, N., Kirby, M., Klimenko, S., Kondo, K., Kong, D.J., Konigsberg, J., Kotwal, A.V., Kreps, M., Kroll, J., Krop, D., Krumnack, N., Kruse, M., Krutelyov, V., Kuhr, T., Kurata, M., Kwang, S., Laasanen, A.T., Lami, S., Lammel, S., Lancaster, M., Lander, R.L., Lannon, K., Lath, A., Latino, G., Lecompte, T., Lee, E., Lee, H.S., Lee, J.S., Lee, S.W., Leo, S., Leone, S., Lewis, J.D., Limosani, A., Lin, C.-J., Linacre, J., Lindgren, M., Lipeles, E., Lister, A., Litvintsev, D.O., Liu, C., Liu, Q., Liu, T., Lockwitz, S., Loginov, A., Lucchesi, D., Lueck, J., Lujan, P., Lukens, P., Lungu, G., Lys, J., Lysak, R., Madrak, R., Maeshima, K., Makhoul, K., Malik, S., Manca, G., Manousakis-Katsikakis, A., Margaroli, F., Marino, C., Martínez, M., Martínez-Ballarín, R., Mastrandrea, P., Mattson, M.E., Mazzanti, P., McFarland, K.S., McIntyre, P., McNulty, R., Mehta, A., Mehtala, P., Menzione, A., Mesropian, C., Miao, T., Mietlicki, D., Mitra, A., Miyake, H., Moed, S., Moggi, N., Mondragon, M.N., Moon, C.S., Moore, R., Morello, M.J., Morlock, J., Movilla Fernandez, P., Mukherjee, A., Muller, T., Murat, P., Mussini, M., Nachtman, J., Nagai, Y., Naganoma, J., Nakano, I., Napier, A., Nett, J., Neu, C., Neubauer, M.S., Nielsen, J., Nodulman, L., Norniella, O., Nurse, E., Oakes, L., Oh, S.H., Oh, Y.D., Oksuzian, I., Okusawa, T., Orava, R., Ortolan, L., Pagan Griso, S., Pagliarone, C., Palencia, E., Papadimitriou, V., Paramonov, A.A., Patrick, J., Pauletta, G., Paulini, M., Paus, C., Pellett, D.E., Penzo, A., Phillips, T.J., Piacentino, G., Pianori, E., Pilot, J., Pitts, K., Plager, C., Pondrom, L., Poprocki, S., Potamianos, K., Poukhov, O., Prokoshin, F., Pronko, A., Ptohos, F., Pueschel, E., Punzi, G., Pursley, J., Rahaman, A., Ramakrishnan, V., Ranjan, N., Redondo, I., Renton, P., Rescigno, M., Riddick, T., Rimondi, F., Ristori, L., Robson, A., Rodrigo, T., Rodriguez, T., Rogers, E., Rolli, S., Roser, R., Rossi, M., Rubbo, F., Ruffini, F., Ruiz, A., Russ, J., Rusu, V., Safonov, A., Sakumoto, W.K., Sakurai, Y., Santi, L., Sartori, L., Sato, K., Saveliev, V., Savoy-Navarro, A., Schlabach, P., Schmidt, A., Schmidt, E.E., Schmidt, M.P., Schmitt, M., Schwarz, T., Scodellaro, L., Scribano, A., Scuri, F., Sedov, A., Seidel, S., Seiya, Y., Semenov, A., Sforza, F., Sfyrla, A., Shalhout, S.Z., Shears, T., Shepard, P.F., Shimojima, M., Shiraishi, S., Shochet, M., Shreyber, I., Simonenko, A., Sinervo, P., Sissakian, A., Sliwa, K., Smith, J.R., Snider, F.D., Soha, A., Somalwar, S., Sorin, V., Squillacioti, P., Stancari, M., Stanitzki, M., Denis, R.S., Stelzer, B., Stelzer-Chilton, O., Stentz, D., Strologas, J., Strycker, G.L., Sudo, Y., Sukhanov, A., Suslov, I., Takemasa, K., Takeuchi, Y., Tang, J., Tecchio, M., Teng, P.K., Thom, J., Thome, J., Thompson, G.A., Thomson, E., Ttito-Guzmán, P., Tkaczyk, S., Toback, D., Tokar, S., Tollefson, K., Tomura, T., Tonelli, 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