1,720,967 research outputs found
Teaching the pronunciation of sentence final and word boundary stops to French learners of English: distracted imitation versus audio-visual training.
Full text linkNational audienceThe current study investigates the efficiency of two teaching methods, aimedat online learning. Namely, a distracted imitation task versus thevisualization of a video with an instructor explaining the articulatory featuresof stops and stop unrelease, when not to unrelease and sociophoneticimplications of stop unrelease. The latter method aims at reaching more“learner types” (Peter Skehan 1991). We test whether awareness raisingwith the help of hand gesture (fig. 2) was as efficient as imitation regardingL2 acquisition of this segmental phenomena and whether learners atspecific stages of learning are advanced enough to learn stop unrelease orwhether the task should be made more complex
Les Analyses Factorielles Multiples (AFM) : Tuto MATE-SHS
No full textLes Analyses Factorielles Multiples (AFM) par Maelle Amand Maelle Amand est maître de conférences en linguistique et phonologie anglaise à l’université de Limoges. Sa recherche porte sur la variation sociolinguistique et la dialectométrie à l’aide d’analyses multivariées. Sa thèse (Amand 2019) propose une analyse sociophonétique de données patrimonialisées du parler de Newcastle en Angleterre à l’aide de l’analyse factorielle multiple (AFM, Escofier & Pagès 1994). Elle propose régulièremen..
Analyse sociophonétique de l’anglais de Tyneside dans le corpus DECTE : le cas des voyelles FACE, GOAT, PRICE et MOUTH
No full textCette thèse propose une analyse sociophonétique synchronique et diachronique de l’anglais de Tyneside à partir de deux sous-corpus du Corpus Diachronique de l’Anglais de Tyneside (DECTE) datant des années 1970 et de 1990 (Corrigan, Buchstaller, Mearns, & Moisl, 2012). Elle comporte deux grands volets : (1) une analyse de la variation inter et intra-locuteurs par le biais de transcriptions phonétiques des variantes linguistiques de FACE, GOAT, PRICE et MOUTH (Wells 1982) à l’aide d’une analyse factorielle multiple (AFM, Escofier 2008, Husson et al. 2011) (2) une étude acoustique des trajectoires formantiques de ces quatre ensembles lexicaux à l’aide de modèles mixtes additifs généralisés afin de vérifier la pertinence du codage (GAMMs, Wood 2015). Pour ce premier volet, nous proposons un profilage sociolinguistique de 44 locuteurs de Gateshead et de Newcastle, à partir de données phonétiques transcrites dans les années 1970 lors de l’Enquête Linguistique de Tyneside (TLS, Strang 1968). Bien que notre analyse porte sur la totalité des transcriptions du système phonétique des locuteurs, l’accent est davantage porté sur FACE, GOAT, PRICE and MOUTH. Selon l’AFM suivi d’une classification, FACE est l’ensemble lexical le plus déterminant dans la catégorisation sociolinguistique des locuteurs. La symétrie entre FACE et GOAT (Watt 1999), PRICE et MOUTH est plus nette chez les femmes : celles de la classe moyenne privilégient une diphtongue fermantes dans entre FACE et GOAT et une attaque de diphthongue ouverte pour PRICE et MOUTH, tandis que les femmes issues de classes plus populaires optent pour la monophtongue pan-régionale pour FACE et GOAT, avec une attaque davantage fermée et antérieure chez PRICE et MOUTH. La monophtongue centrale de GOAT la variante privilégiée par des hommes à l’accent local moins marqué, ce qui entre en cohérence avec les résultats de Watt (1998) dans le sous-corpus des années 1990 du DECTE.Le second volet analyse les trajectoires formantiques de FACE, GOAT et PRICE. Le but premier de cette analyse est de vérifier la correspondance des transcriptions avec le contour formantique. Les résultats confirment la pertinence du codage au niveau des liste de mots (TLS & PVC). Les différences entre les deux variantes principales de PRICE ([aɪ] vs. [eɪ]) se révèlent être foncièrement différentes tant sur le plan de l’attaque, de la trajectoire et de la cible.The present thesis offers both apparent-time and real-time analyses of two sub-corpora of the Diachronic Electronic Corpus of Tyneside English (DECTE) : one from the 1970s and another one compiled in the 1990s (Corrigan et al., 2012). It comprises two main parts: (1) an analysis of inter and intra-speaker variation in the lexical sets FACE, GOAT, PRICE and MOUTH (Wells 1982) based on a multiple factor analysis (MFA, Escofier 2008, Husson et al. 2011) (2) a dynamic acoustic analysis of formant trajectories of these vowels using Generalised additive mixed models (GAMMs, Wood 2015) followed by a static analysis of onsets in PRICE. The first part establishes the sociolinguistic profiles of 44 speakers from Gateshead and Newcastle based on the original phonetic transcriptions of the Tyneside Linguistic Survey (TLS, Strang 1968). Although the profiling analysis are based on the entire phonetic system transcribed by the original TLS team, the main focus is on FACE, GOAT, PRICE and MOUTH only. Results indicate that FACE the main determinant of TE speech. The symmetry between FACE et GOAT as found by Watt 1999, was also observed in PRICE et MOUTH among women. While middle-class women clearly favour a closing diphthong in FACE et GOAT and have a low onset in PRICE and MOUTH, working-class women tend to have higher frequency scores of pan-northern monophthongs in the first pair of lexical sets. They also exhibit more frequent raised onsets in in PRICE and MOUTH. In addition, the central monophthong GOAT is more often used by men with a less traditional accent in the 1970s corpus, which is in line with Watt’s findings for the 1990s corpus (Watt 1998).The second part analyses formant trajectories in FACE, GOAT and PRICE. The main aim was to compare the original phonetic transcriptions with the corresponding formant trajectories. Results confirm the pertinence of the transcriptions in the wordlist section of the corpora (TLS & PVC). Differences between the two main variants of PRICE ([aɪ] vs. [eɪ]) appeared to be strikingly different be in terms of both onsets / offset heights and trajectory shape
Analyse sociophonétique de l’anglais de Tyneside dans le corpus DECTE : le cas des voyelles FACE, GOAT, PRICE et MOUTH
No full textThe present thesis offers both apparent-time and real-time analyses of two sub-corpora of the Diachronic Electronic Corpus of Tyneside English (DECTE) : one from the 1970s and another one compiled in the 1990s (Corrigan et al., 2012). It comprises two main parts: (1) an analysis of inter and intra-speaker variation in the lexical sets FACE, GOAT, PRICE and MOUTH (Wells 1982) based on a multiple factor analysis (MFA, Escofier 2008, Husson et al. 2011) (2) a dynamic acoustic analysis of formant trajectories of these vowels using Generalised additive mixed models (GAMMs, Wood 2015) followed by a static analysis of onsets in PRICE. The first part establishes the sociolinguistic profiles of 44 speakers from Gateshead and Newcastle based on the original phonetic transcriptions of the Tyneside Linguistic Survey (TLS, Strang 1968). Although the profiling analysis are based on the entire phonetic system transcribed by the original TLS team, the main focus is on FACE, GOAT, PRICE and MOUTH only. Results indicate that FACE the main determinant of TE speech. The symmetry between FACE et GOAT as found by Watt 1999, was also observed in PRICE et MOUTH among women. While middle-class women clearly favour a closing diphthong in FACE et GOAT and have a low onset in PRICE and MOUTH, working-class women tend to have higher frequency scores of pan-northern monophthongs in the first pair of lexical sets. They also exhibit more frequent raised onsets in in PRICE and MOUTH. In addition, the central monophthong GOAT is more often used by men with a less traditional accent in the 1970s corpus, which is in line with Watt’s findings for the 1990s corpus (Watt 1998).The second part analyses formant trajectories in FACE, GOAT and PRICE. The main aim was to compare the original phonetic transcriptions with the corresponding formant trajectories. Results confirm the pertinence of the transcriptions in the wordlist section of the corpora (TLS & PVC). Differences between the two main variants of PRICE ([aɪ] vs. [eɪ]) appeared to be strikingly different be in terms of both onsets / offset heights and trajectory shape.Cette thèse propose une analyse sociophonétique synchronique et diachronique de l’anglais de Tyneside à partir de deux sous-corpus du Corpus Diachronique de l’Anglais de Tyneside (DECTE) datant des années 1970 et de 1990 (Corrigan, Buchstaller, Mearns, & Moisl, 2012). Elle comporte deux grands volets : (1) une analyse de la variation inter et intra-locuteurs par le biais de transcriptions phonétiques des variantes linguistiques de FACE, GOAT, PRICE et MOUTH (Wells 1982) à l’aide d’une analyse factorielle multiple (AFM, Escofier 2008, Husson et al. 2011) (2) une étude acoustique des trajectoires formantiques de ces quatre ensembles lexicaux à l’aide de modèles mixtes additifs généralisés afin de vérifier la pertinence du codage (GAMMs, Wood 2015). Pour ce premier volet, nous proposons un profilage sociolinguistique de 44 locuteurs de Gateshead et de Newcastle, à partir de données phonétiques transcrites dans les années 1970 lors de l’Enquête Linguistique de Tyneside (TLS, Strang 1968). Bien que notre analyse porte sur la totalité des transcriptions du système phonétique des locuteurs, l’accent est davantage porté sur FACE, GOAT, PRICE and MOUTH. Selon l’AFM suivi d’une classification, FACE est l’ensemble lexical le plus déterminant dans la catégorisation sociolinguistique des locuteurs. La symétrie entre FACE et GOAT (Watt 1999), PRICE et MOUTH est plus nette chez les femmes : celles de la classe moyenne privilégient une diphtongue fermantes dans entre FACE et GOAT et une attaque de diphthongue ouverte pour PRICE et MOUTH, tandis que les femmes issues de classes plus populaires optent pour la monophtongue pan-régionale pour FACE et GOAT, avec une attaque davantage fermée et antérieure chez PRICE et MOUTH. La monophtongue centrale de GOAT la variante privilégiée par des hommes à l’accent local moins marqué, ce qui entre en cohérence avec les résultats de Watt (1998) dans le sous-corpus des années 1990 du DECTE.Le second volet analyse les trajectoires formantiques de FACE, GOAT et PRICE. Le but premier de cette analyse est de vérifier la correspondance des transcriptions avec le contour formantique. Les résultats confirment la pertinence du codage au niveau des liste de mots (TLS & PVC). Les différences entre les deux variantes principales de PRICE ([aɪ] vs. [eɪ]) se révèlent être foncièrement différentes tant sur le plan de l’attaque, de la trajectoire et de la cible
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dissecting morphemes to learn lexical stress in suffixed-words: A kinesthetic approach for French learners of English
No full textInternational audienceWe suggest a kinesthetic approach that involves touching objects (cards) to improve awareness of lexical stress in English, in combination with a classical morphological approach (word endings determining the lexical stress) of the "French school". As a starting point, we present an experimental study on auditory perception of lexical stress in words with stress-imposing endings to determine the difficulties encountered by French-speaking learners. The results are compared with those of a paper test, in which participants had to choose the syllable bearing the primary stress among the syllables presented in orthography
Revisiting ‘stress-deafness' amongst upper intermediate learners of English in words containing stress-imposing endings
No full textInternational audienceWhile French-learners of English are said to be ‘stress-deaf’ (Dupoux et al. 1997 for Spanish; Tremblay 2009 for French Canadian learners of English), the purpose of this experiment is to measure the degree in which upper-intermediate learners of English perceive lexical stress in words of three syllables or more, the majority of which containing a stress-imposing ending, and with varying F0 patterns.Native listeners of English are known to identify lexical stress through various acoustic parameters: fundamental frequency (F0), duration, intensity and vowel quality (Fry, 1955 & 1958; Lehiste, 1976). The use of such a combination of parameters is challenging for French- speaking learners of English since French has no lexically distinctive stress and the parameters used to cue initial and final phrase accents in French are mainly duration and F0 (e.g. Jun & Fougeron, 2000; Vaissi`ere, 2002).Are French-speaking learners simply ‘stress-deaf’ and insensitive to none of the prosodic parameters, or are they sensitive to some specific cues when identifying lexical stress in English? Do they also resort to segmental parameters such as the lack of reduction in vowels, be they lexically stressed or unstressed?Tremblay (2009) highlighted the difficulty of French-speaking Canadian learners of English in ‘hearing’ stress in non-sense words in isolation (AXB test), but to our knowledge, an auditory identification experiment of English lexical stress in natural speech has not been carried out amongst French advanced learners of English (cf. Frost, 2009 for a perception of stress in disyl- labic word-pairs using synthetic speech). Nor has it been conducted in long words containing a stress-imposing ending with varying F0 patterns.During the experiment presented in this paper, 30 second-year French university students majoring in English were asked to identify the primary stress of the last word in a carrier sentence after listening to one native speaker of English (young man, General American). Each of the 46 target words was presented twice with a different tone (cf. Wells, 2006): fall, rise and fall-rise (46 × 2 × 3 = 276).Participants were asked to select the syllable bearing primary stress of a word, after hearing it in the carrier sentence. The sentence was played only once. The target word appeared on the screen in the form of segmented written syllables.The present paper focuses on the results involving the impact of stress-imposing endings. Participants tended to select the stress either at the beginning of the word or at the end, re- gardless of the presence of a stress-imposing ending. Unreduced unstressed vowels (diphthongs) towards the end of the word seem to be interpreted as a cue for lexical stress amongst partici- pants.Such results suggest the importance to go beyond the opposition between reduced and unreduced vowels in the identification and production of unstressed / stressed syllables, especially in words deriving from French-Latin, which are more likely to be used by advanced French learners of English in an academic context.ReferencesArchibald, J. (1997). The acquisition of English stress by speakers of nonaccentual languages: lexical storage versus computation of stress. Linguistics, 35(1), 167-182. https://doi.org/10.151 5/ling.1997.35.1.167Archibald, J. (2005). Second Language Phonology as Redeployment of L1 Phonological Knowl- edge. Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue Canadienne De Linguistique, 50(1-4), 285-314. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008413100003741Dupoux, E., Pallier, C., Sebastian, N. & Mehler, J. (1997). A destressing ‘deafness’ in French? Journal of Memory and Language, 36, 406–421.Frost, D. (2009). The Perception of Word Stress in English and French: Which cues for native English and French speakers? EPIP1 (English Pronunciation: Issues and Practices), Universit ́e de Savoie, Chamb ́ery, France, 57-73.Frost, D. (2010). La surdit ́e accentuelle : d’ou` vient-elle et comment la gu ́erir ? Les Cahiers de l’APLIUT, APLIUT, 2010, Phon ́etique, phonologie et enseignement des langues de sp ́ecialit ́e - Volume 1, 24 (2), 25-43.Fry, D. B. (1955). Duration and intensity as physical correlates of linguistic stress. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 27(4), 765-768. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1908022Fry, D. B. (1958). Experiments in the Perception of Stress. Language and Speech, 1(2), 126–152. https://doi.org/10.1177/002383095800100207Jun, S.-A. & Fougeron, C. (2000). A phonological model of French intonation. In A. Botinis (Ed.), Intonation: Analysis, modelling, and technology, 209–242. Dordrecht: Kluwer.Lacabex, E. G., Lecumberri, M. L. G., & Cooke, M. (2007). Perception of English vowel reduc- tion by trained Spanish learners. In New Sounds 2007: Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on the Acquisition of Second Language Speech, 293-299.Lehiste, I. (1976). Influence of fundamental frequency pattern on the perception of duration. Journal of Phonetics, 4, 113–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0095-4470(19)31231-8Tremblay, A. (2009). Phonetic variability and the variable perception of L2 word stress by French Canadian listeners. International Journal of Bilingualism, 13, 35–62. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/1367006909103528Vaissi`ere, J. (2002). Cross-linguistic prosodic transcription: French vs. English. In N. B. Vol- skaya, N. D. Svetozarova & P. A. Skrelin (eds.). Problems and methods of experimental phonetics. In honour of the 70th anniversary of Pr. L. V. Bondarko, St Petersburg State University Press, 147-164.Wells, J. C. (2006). English Intonation: An Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
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