1,720,967 research outputs found
Kajian Dampak Dinamika Penggunaan Lahan Di DAS Wanggu terhadap Sedimentasi di Teluk Kendari Sulawesi Tenggara,
No full textDinamika penggunaan lahan di DAS Wanggu periode 1992-2010 telah menyebabkan degradasi lahan, terganggunya fungsi hidrologi DAS Wanggu dan terjadinya sedimentasi di teluk Kendari.
Penelitian ini dilaksanakan sejak September 2009 sampai dengan Agustus 2010 di DAS Wanggu, 8 DAS mikro dan Teluk Kendari Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Penelitian bertujuan: 1) mengkaji dinamika penggunaan lahan dan keadaan biofisik lahan existing di DAS Wanggu, 2) mengkaji dampak dinamika penggunaan lahan di DAS Wanggu terhadap penurunaan luas lahan hutan, erosi, run off, koefisien run off, fluktuasi debit air, pendapatan petani pada kebun campuran, tegalan/sawah, dan sedimentasi di teluk Kendari, 3) mengembangkan model perencanaan penggunaan lahan dan agroteknologi alternatif yang mampu meningkatkan kualitas lahan seperti: kapasitas infiltrasi tanah dan intersepsi potensial, dan pendapatan petani, menurunkan run off, koefisien run off, laju erosi dan sedimentasi di teluk Kendari, dan 4) merumuskan model perencanaan penggunaan lahan dan agrotekonologi alternatif yang tepat dalam pengelolaan DAS Wanggu berkelanjutan dan kelestarian teluk Kendari.
Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei dan pengamatan lapang. Pengamatan terhadap karakteristik tanah, parameter hidrologi, erosi dan vegetasi dilakukan dengan membuat plot percobaan berdasarkan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dan data sosial ekonomi diperoleh melalui wawancara dan data sekunder. Hasil pengamatan dianalisis secara statistik dengan menggunakan uji BNT0.05 dan analisis agroteknologi didasarkan pada kondisi fisik lingkungan (secara teknis dapat diterapkan, secara ekologi dapat memperbaiki lingkungan melaui penurunan aliran permukaan, erosi dan sedimentasi, dan secara ekonomi dapat meningkatkan pendapatan dengan menggunakan perhitungan total biaya dan pendapatan, NPV 12% dan kebutuhan hidup layak (KHL).
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dinamika penggunaan lahan tahun 1992 – 2010 di DAS Wanggu telah menyebabkan: 1) penurunan luas hutan 1,1% luas DAS per tahun (478,2 ha/th) dan semak belukar 0,8% luas DAS per tahun (366 ha/th) dan diikuti peningkatan luas kebun campuran 1,1% luas DAS per tahun (485,7 ha/th), tegalan/sawah 0,4% luas DAS per tahun (181,8 ha/th), dan pemukiman 0,4% luas DAS per tahun (179,8 ha/th), 2) akibatnya memberikan dampak signifikan terhadap penurunan karakteristik lahan: porositas tanah 19,1%, bahan orgaink tanah 1,5%, penutupan lahan 30,3%, intersepsi potensial 168,7%, dan peningkatan: berat volume tanah 0,3 g/cm3, dan meningkatkan indikator hidrologi: kapasitas infiltrasi 1,8 cm per jam dan permeabilitas tanah 2,1 cm per jam, run off 289,6 mm per tahun, koefisien run off 17,7% per tahun, erosi 17,4 ton/ha/th.
Dampak perubahan penggunaan lahan di DAS Wanggu periode 1992 – 2010 terhadap debit (Q) sungai Wanggu pada kondisi exsisting pada musim kemarau
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memberikan Qmin 3,0 m3/dt dan pada musim hujan Qmax 114,2 m/dt dengan ratio Qmax dan Qmin sebesar 38,1 dan dampaknya terhadap kualitas air sungai Wanggu adalah kelas 2 dan tergolong tercemar ringan berdasarkan kriteria standar baku mutu air (Kepmen LH No. 115/2003) dengan indikator kandungan TSD, BOD, COD, pH, NO3=, NO2, Fe, Zn, minyak dan lemak, kecuali Cl- masih tergolong baik dan memenuhi baku mutu air minum, sedangkan kualitas air di teluk Kendari tergolong tercemar berat oleh DO, COD dan SO4=.
Peningkatan erosi tertinggi di DAS Wanggu terjadi tahun 2010 (555.471,0 ton/th dengan rataan 12,2 ton/ha/th), tahun 2005 (548.895,0 ton/th dengan rataan 12,1 ton/ha/th), tahun 2000 (497.324,0 ton/th dengan rataan 11,0 ton/ha/th), tahun 1995 (410.545,0 ton/th dengan rataan 9,0 ton/ha/th) dan tahun 1992 (399.435,0 ton/th dengan rataan 8,8 ton/ha/th) tetapi dampaknya terhadap erosi tahun 1992-2010 tertinggi terjadi tahun 1995-2000 yaitu 86.778,6 ton dan rataan 17.355,7 ton/th dan dampaknya terendah tahun 2005-2010 yaitu 6.575,6 ton dan rataan 1.315,1 ton/th.
Konstribusi sedimentasi di teluk Kendari periode 1960 – 2010 berasal dari sedimentasi: erosi lahan sebesar 5.150.182,4 m3 (9,7%), sampah 1.089.165,0 m3 (2,0%) dan erosi (infrastruktur, tebing sungai, tanah longsor) sebesar 49.292.191,7 m3 (88,7%) dengan total sedimentasi sebesar 55.304.766,7 m3 (100%) dari jumlah penduduk di DAS Wanggu dan 8 DAS mikro adalah 19.726 jiwa tahun 1960 menjadi 269.559 jiwa tahun 2010.
Rumusan model perencanaan penggunaan lahan dan agrotekonologi alternatif yang tepat dalam pengelolaan DAS Wanggu berkelanjutan dan kelestarian teluk Kendari adalah hutan 33% luas DAS, kebun campuran (Agrosilvopastural) 44% luas DAS dan tegalan/sawah 9% luas DAS) dengan pendapatan bersih Rp 24.000.000 ≥ KHL (Rp 22.000.000 per KK/ha/th), erosi 9,7 ton/ha/th < Etol 12,1 ton/ha/th, dan sedimen < sedimen yang daoat ditoleransikan (sedine 54.300 ton/th < sedimen ETol 67.700 ton/th), model penggunaaan dan agroteknologi hasil simulasi ini memenuhi criteria: layak teknis, layak ekologis dan layak ekonomi skeneario-5
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
DAMPAK PENGGUNAAN LAHAN TERHADAP SUMBER DAYA AIR: STUDI LITERATUR DAN HASIL PENELITIAN
Full text linkThe impacts of land use, from forest to non-forest (mixed garden, husbandry, and fishery), mining, urbanization, industry and infrastructure in upstream area can give negative impact on water resource environment. Its impact in Wanggu watershed during 1992-2010 were: a) increasing of erosion by 17.6 m3 per ha per year (81,9%), sediment by 2.2 m3 per ha per year, b) decreasing of infiltration capacity by 1.8 m per hour, soil permeability by 2.1 cm per hour, base flow and increasing run-off by 262.7 mm per year (48,8%), CRO by 0,13(46,6%), peak discharge (Qmax) by 114.2 m3 per second and decreasing of water available resources (Qmin) by 3.0 m3 per second and ratio Qmax-Qmin by 38.1 and c) decreasing of water quality because of pollution by TSD, nutrient (NO3-, PO4-3, SO4=), DO, BOD, COD, metal (Cu, Fe, Zn), pesticide, pathogen, salt, oil, color and change of temperature regime. Its impact was categorized as light to moderate pollution. The pollution of out-let Wanggu river was classified as serious category by DO, COD and SO4=. The impacts of land use in Batanghari River were: DO, BOD, COD, NH3, NO2, Zn, Fe and Cu with pollution category as light to moderate. Pollution categorized as serious category by waste: agriculture, urbanization, infrastructure and industry occurred in out-let of Ciliwung River Jakarta, and out-let Berantas River in Surabaya city. Decreasing of water volume and water quality also occurred in some states likes in India, Bangladesh, Thailand, Australia, United State of America and Fiji Island. Keywords: Land use impacts, soil conservation, erosion, sedimentation, run-off, water qualit
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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