1,547 research outputs found
Breeding against osteochondrosis : phenotypic and genetic analyses in horses and pigs
No full text Osteochondrosis (OC) is a disturbance in the process of endochondral ossification during skeletal growth. The objectives of this thesis were to assess the prevalence and genetic parameters of OC, and to facilitate optimization of breeding against OC in horses and pigs. In the Dutch warm blood horse, 70% of individuals showed joint abnormalities in at least one of the 28 locations examined. Joint abnormalities were divided into flattened bone contours and bone fragments. Genetic parameters were estimated for flattened bone contours, fragments and overall OC. Heritability was 0.08 for flattened bone contours, 0.22 for fragments, and 0.23 for overall OC. In fattening pigs, the prevalence of OC was 41%, and 12% of the individuals had severe OC. The prevalence was highest for individuals kept on a concrete, partially slatted floor with ad libitum feeding (58%), and lowest for individuals kept on a deep litter floor with restricted feeding (34%). These results demonstrate that the prevalence of OC can be reduced by applying deep litter floors and restricted feeding. The differences in growth patterns between pigs with and without OC were investigated also. After 28 days of age, piglets with severe OC at slaughter started to grow faster, and were significantly heavier after 70 days of age than pigs without OC at slaughter. These results suggest that OC might be related to high growth rates during a specific time period. To evaluate prospects for breeding against OC, selection responses were compared between breeding schemes using phenotypic selection based on own performance or progeny testing and genomic selection. The results show that, when genomic information has an equal accuracy as phenotypic information before selection, it will have a lower equilibrium response to selection because it has a larger Bulmer effect. Especially for low heritable traits, genomic selection was of additional value over traditional selection. The general discussion argues that OC has both economical and practical relevance for the current horse industry. Simulations showed potential for genomic selection compared to the current breeding program in the Dutch warmblood horse (KWPN), even with small reference populations. In pigs, OC is a more serious problem in sows than in fattening pigs, because sows live longer. A decrease in OC prevalence will, therefore, yield larger economic and welfare benefits then apparent from results on fattening pigs. Also for pigs, simulations indicated possibilities for genomic selection. The final section of the general discussion proposes directions for future research.</p
THE MICROWAVE SPECTRA OF THE LINEAR OC HCCCN, OC DCCCN, AND THE T-SHAPED HCCCN CO COMPLEXES
No full textAuthor Institution: Department of Natural Sciences, Union College, Barbourville, KY 40906; Department of Chemistry, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459The rotational spectra of OC HCCCN, OC DCCCN, and HCCCN CO have been recorded using pulsed-jet Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. Accurate molecular constants have been obtained and agree with the results from IR spectroscopy.} \textbf{204}, 145-151 (1993)} } \textbf{180}, 1-6 (1996)} The OC HCCCN is hydrogen-bonded in a linear configuration, and the HCCCN CO is T-shaped with the CO molecule at the nitrogen end of the cyanoacetylene. The C, the N, and the O isotopologues for both the OC HCCCN and OC DCCCN complexes have been observed in natural abundance. The fully substituted molecular structure of the OC HCCCN complex has been determined. The results will be compared with those of the corresponding complexes of HCN
Sensitivity Analysis and Validation of Advanced Soil Model for OC Clays
No full textThis research has shed light on the capability of the HASP model in reproducing the dilatant behaviour of OC clays in drained and undrained conditions. The model is formulated by employing a combined hardening rule and uses the void ratio as a state variable while maintaining the simplicity of the MCC model. However, a sensitivity analysis has revealed that the model is sensitive to some input parameters which when varied slightly can largely affect the outcome of an analysis.This has led to the formulation of the PLAXIS OC clay model while maintaining the framework of the HASP model but replacing the void ratio with volumetric strain as the state variable. Thus resulting in the use of the modified compression (λ*) and swelling (κ*) indexes which are used in obtaining the soil stiffness parameters used as model inputs. The PLAXIS OC clay model features the use of real soil stiffness parameters instead of soil indexes, the addition of small stain stiffness by T. Benz to improve model prediction in the small strain region and the elimination of the sensitivity issues noticed when using the HASP model.The PLAXIS OC clay model is validated for boom clay (BC) at single stress points by simulating CU test and comparing with the available experimental data for the BC. Good agreement is found with experimental data as shown in the stress strain, pore water pressure and stress path plots obtained from the analysis.Furthermore, the model is used to simulate boom clay in a trial excavation. Piezometers and extensometers are installed into the BC layer prior to the excavation to monitor the changes in porewater pressure and vertical displacement (heave) on the BC during the excavation. A comparison of the numerical and experimental data shows that good agreement is observed in porewater pressures and vertical displacement in the BC layer
INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY AUTO MOLECULAR DYNAMICS IN OC-HI
No full textAuthor Institution: Department of Chemistry, Texas A\&M UniversityThe rovibrational analysts of the , HI stretching vibration in OC-HI has been completed giving the following molecular constants: MHz and kHz. Hot bands and combination, bands associated with both the previously assigned , OC stretching vibration and the vibration have also been analysed. These results will also be presented and interpeted in terms of the molecular and associated tunneling dynamics of this complex
FREE JET ABSORPTION SPECTRA OF THE VAN DER WAALS COMPLEX
No full textAuthor Institution: Department of Chemistry, University of Southern CaliforniaThe van der Waals complex was observed in a 5''-pulsed-slit free jet expansion. The complex was detected by the IR absorption in the vicinity of 1-0 vibrational transition of C-O. Four isotopic progressions were recorded in the spectra. The rotational structure was consistent with a linear . The spectra were well-fitted by semirigid-rotor linear molecule model, the rotational constants for and isotopomers were obtained. The band origins of were found to be 2152.83836(17), 2152.83929(16), 2152.84117(15) and for the isotopomers of and , respectively. From the isotope substituted rotational constants, the distances of the centers-of-mass of CO and were calculated to be 4.864 {\AA} and 4.875 {\AA} for the excited and ground state, respectively. The van der Waals bond formation siginficantly perturbed both the CO and bond lengths. In the ground state, the bond of the complex was 0.027 {\AA} shorter than that of the uncomplexed CO, while the Br-Br distance of the complex was 0.037 {\AA} longer than the bond length of free
ISOTOPE EFFECTS IN THE HIGH RESOLUTION INFRARED SPECTRA OF OC-HF
No full text E.K. Kyro, P. Shoja-Chaghervand, K. McMillan, M. Eliades, D. Danzeiser, and J.W. Bevan, J. Chem. Phys. 79, 78 (1983). K.W. Jucks and R.E. Miller, J. Chem. Phys. (to be published).Author Institution: Molecular Spectroscopy Division, National Bureau of StandardsInfrared spectra of OC-HF, , and have been observed in the vicinity of the HF stretching fundamental using a difference frequency laser spectrometer and a long pathlength thermal equilibrium White cell. The results on the OC-HF isotopic form extend previous White cell and molecular beam measurements by Kyro and Jucks . The band origins for the complexes: for OC-HF, for , and for , are all red shifted from the fundamental of uncomplexed HF and do not exhibit a systematic trend with CO stretching or bending frequency. The observed positive are consistent with the increased van der Waals binding in the excited state. The homogeneous linewidths for the transitions are large (HWHM * 180 MHz with roughly equal contributions from pressure broadening and vibrational predissociation) and essentially isotope independent. Local perturbations are observed for OC-HF and , but not for
A STUDY OF THE INTERMOLECULAR VIBRATION IN OC- BASED ON NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY
No full textAuthor Institution: Department of Chemistry, Texas A\&M University; Steacie Institute, National Research CouncilThe near infrared combination bands of and have been recorded using a high frequency wavelength modulation diode laser supersonic jet spectrometer. In addition, the static gas phase spectra of the associated and hot bands in have been recorded using Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy. The combined results permit evaluation of rovibrational constants for the low frequency intermolecular bending vibration of the isotopomer (in and
Management styles and their impact on employee motivation in organization “OC Vision”.
No full textBakalaura darba tēma ir “Vadības stili un to ietekme uz darbinieku motivāciju organizācijā “OC Vision””. Organizācijā ir svarīgi uzņēmumā katram vadītājam izvēlēties pareizo vadības stilu. Pareiza stila izvēle sekmē organizācijas darbību un ļauj vadītājam ar savu komandu ātrāk sasniegt rezultātus un tuvoties mērķu izpildei. Bakalaura darba mērķis ir izpētīt, izanalizēt un salīdzināt kādi vadības stili ir vadītājiem, kuri strādā uzņēmumā “OC Vision” un kā viņu vadības stils ietekmē darbinieku motivāciju, izstrādāt priekšlikumus vadības stila izvēlei šajā uzņēmumā, lai to darbinieki būtu pēc iespējas motivētāki. Darbs sastāv no 3 nodaļām. Pirmajā nodaļā darba autors sniedz ieskatu darba teorijā par vadītāju lomu organizācijā, vadības stiliem, kā arī vadītāja un darbinieka attiecībām. Otrajā nodaļā darba autors sniedz ieskatu darba teorijā par motivāciju un motivācijas teorijām. Trešajā nodaļā darba autors apkopo datus no aptaujā iegūtajiem rezultātiem. Nobeigumā ir izstrādāti secinājumi un sniegti priekšlikumi, izmantotās literatūras saraksts un pielikumi. Bakalaura darbs sastāv no 63 lappusēm, kurās ir 13 attēli, 21 tabula un 1 pielikums.The theme of the Bachelor`s thesis is “Management styles and their impact on employee motivation in organization “OC Vision””. In an organization, it is important for each manager to choose the right management style. Choosing the right style facilitates the operation of the organization and allows the manager with his team to achieve results faster and approach goals. The aim of the bachelor's thesis is to study, analyze and compare which management styles are for managers working in the company "OC Vision" and how their management style affects employee motivation, develop proposals for the choice of management style in this company so that their employees would be as motivated as possible. The Bachelor’s thesis consists of three chapters. In the first chapter, the author provides an insight into the theory of work on the role of managers in the organization, management styles, and the relationship between manager and employee. In the second chapter, the author provides an insight into work theory on motivation and motivation theories. In the third chapter, the author summarizes the data from the results of the survey. In the end are conclusions and proposals, a list of references and appendix The Bachelor`s thesis consists of 63 pages, 13 photos, 21 tables and 1 appendix
MICROWAVE SPECTRUM AND STRUCTURE OF THE COMPLEX
No full textAuthor Institution: Molecular Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and TechnologyThe microwave spectrum of the complex was observed in a pulsed-beam Fourier transform microwave spectrometer and exhibits an a- and c-type rotational spectrum. In addition to the normal isotopic species, the and substituted isotopic species were studied in natural abundance. Spectral analysis yields the rotational constants for MHz, and 1332.206(1) MHz. Further work is in progress on the spectrum of the isotopic form. Stark effect measurements for the normal isotopic species provide the dipole moment components and The structural analysis, assuming fixed monomer geometries, shows that the CO unit and the symmetry axis of lie in the a,c-plane of the T-shaped complex and the oxygen atoms of are located symmetrically perpendicular to the a,c-plane. The center of mass separation, is 4.059(1) {\AA} and the C-S distance is 3.506 {\AA} with the carbon atom participating in the van der Waals bond. Further details concerning the spectral and structure analysis will be given. Comparisons with related complexes will be presented
Metso OC Tuner -ohjelmiston suunnittelu ja toteuttaminen
No full textTämän insinöörityön tavoitteena oli suunnitella ja toteuttaa Metso OC -sakeusmittarille testausohjelmisto, jolla voidaan tarkistaa mittalaitteessa käytettävän kuitukaapelin liimauksen onnistuminen ja säätää kaapelissa oleva ledi optimaaliseen arvoon valovoimakkuuden perusteella. Ohjelmalla täytyi myös pystyä lukemaan mittalaitteelta sarjamuotoista mittausliikennettä virityksen yhteydessä. Virityksen lopuksi tarkastetusta ja viritetystä laitteesta täytyi tallentaa raportti, josta ilmenee laitteen viritystiedot ja sarjanumerot.
Yksi paperi- ja selluteollisuuden haastavimmista ja kriittisimmistä säädöistä on massan sakeuden säätäminen. Sakeuden mittatarkkuutta huonontavat anturin likaantuminen, massan virtausnopeuden muutokset, näytteenotossa esiintyvät hankaluudet sekä anturin väsyminen ja kuluminen. Säätämistä haittaa mittaus- ja ohjauskohdan välillä oleva kuollut aika sekä sekoituskohtaan tulevan massan virtausmuutokset. Säätämisen kannalta massan sakeutta on mitattava jatkuvasti, vaikka näin toimimalla päädytään epäsuoriin mittausmenetelmiin. Sakeuden mittaamiseen on käytetty erilaisia menetelmiä jo pitkään, mutta ehdottoman hyvää menetelmää ei ole toistaiseksi löydetty.
Metso OC -sakeusmittarissa käytetään valon siirtämiseen optista kuitukaapelia. Sen sisällä on seitsemän erillistä kuidun säiettä, joita pitkin valo lähetetään prosessiputkessa olevan yhteen läpi paperimassaan. Valo siroaa massassa olevista kuiduista takaisin ja sironneen valon intensiteetin perusteella voidaan määrittää paperimassan sakeus. Koska kaapeli ja siinä olevien kuitujen läpimitta on todella pieni, on niitä mahdotonta havaita paljaalla silmällä katsottaessa. Kuidusta ei voi myöskään havaita valmistusvirheitä ilman lisälaitteita. Koska kaapeliin lähetettävä valo tulee yhdestä ledistä, on mahdollisia intensiteettieroja yksittäisten kuitujen kohdalla mahdotonta todeta ilman lisälaitteita.
Työn lopputuloksena on syntynyt järjestelmä, joka vastaa tilaajaan tarpeita hyvin. Työssä luotu ohjelmisto varmistaa, että asiakas saa luotettavasti säädetyn ja kalibroidun Metso OC -sakeusmittarin ja jokaisesta lähetetystä laitteesta jää Metsolle kattava dokumentointi laitteen sarjanumeroista ja viritysarvoista. Metso OC Tuner -ohjelmisto on otettu käyttöön tammikuussa 2013.The purpose of this Bachelor’s thesis was to design and implement such testing software for the Metso OC consistency transmitter that enables one to check that the fiber optic cable has been glued flawlessly and to tune the LED at the end of the cable to the optimal value of brightness. In addition, the software must be able to read serial data from the device during the tuning process. Furthermore, after each check and tuning, a report indicating the device’s tuning data and serial numbers needs to be created and saved.
One of the most challenging and critical adjustments in the paper and pulp industry is the tuning of the consistency of the mass. The preciseness in the measurement of consistency is hindered by the dirtiness of the sensor, changes in the flow velocity of the mass, difficulties occurring in sampling as well as the wear and tear of the sensor. Adjustment is also hindered by the dead-time between the measurement point and the steering point, as well as changes in the flow of the mass into the mixing point. From the point of view of adjustment, the consistency of the mass must be measured continuously, although this necessitates the use of indirect measurement methods. Various methods have been used for a long time in the measurement of consistency, but so far no absolutely good method has been found.
The Metso OC consistency transmitter utilizes a fiber optic cable for the transmission of light. The cable contains seven separate fiber threads in which light is transmitted into the paper mass through a coupling in the process pipe. The light scatters back from the fibers in the mass, and the intensity of the scattered light enables one to determine the consistency of the paper mass. Since the cable and the diameter of the fibers are very small, it is impossible to discern them with the naked eye. Neither can one detect manufacturing errors in the cable without special equipment. Since the light dispatched into the cable comes from a single LED, it is impossible to detect any intensity differences between individual fibers without additional equipment.
The outcome of this study was a piece of software that corresponds to the commissioner’s needs well. The software created by the author ensures that the customer receives a reliably tuned and calibrated Metso OC consistency transmitter, and that Metso has comprehensive documentation of the serial number and tuning values of each device dispatched. The Metso OC Tuner software was adopted into regular use in January 2013
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