1,720,954 research outputs found
LES DROITS DE LA VICTIME DANS LE PROCES PENAL MAROCAIN
Get PDFLe système de justice pénale au Maroc est basé sur le Code Napoléon et est divisé en trois étapes principales : la phase d'enquête, la phase de procès et la phase d'exécution. Le rôle de la victime dans le procès pénal se limite à poursuivre l'exécution de la peine dans le respect de son propre intérêt, comme l'exige l'article 597 du Code de procédure pénale. Il est essentiel de protéger les droits des victimes lors du procès pénal, car elles jouent un rôle crucial dans l'administration de la justice et la protection des droits de l'Homme. Ainsi, la loi marocaine prévoit des mesures accordant aux victimes le droit de recourir à la justice pour obtenir réparation.
Dans le procès pénal marocain, la victime d'une infraction pénale dispose de deux types de droits : les droits répressifs et les droits indemnitaires. Les droits répressifs comprennent le droit de porter plainte, le droit de participer à l'enquête et le droit d'être entendu pendant le procès. Les droits à indemnisation, quant à eux, incluent le droit d'obtenir réparation pour les dommages subis du fait de l'infraction. Les victimes ont également le droit que leur sécurité et leur vie privée soient prises en compte, à une protection raisonnable et nécessaire contre les représailles, et à être informées de l'avancement de l'enquête et du procès[1].
La loi marocaine reconnaît l'importance de protéger les victimes des actes de torture et prévoit des mesures pour assurer leur protection. La protection des victimes lors du procès pénal est essentielle pour garantir que justice soit rendue et que les droits de l'homme soient respectés. Dans d'autres pays, comme la France, les droits des victimes sont d'abord apparus sous la forme d'une reconnaissance de la partie civile comme acteur du procès pénal[2]. Cependant, au Maroc, les droits des victimes ne se limitent pas à la phase du procès mais s'étendent également à la phase de l'exécution. En protégeant les droits des victimes dans le cadre du procès pénal, le droit marocain contribue à la promotion et à la protection des droits de l'homme et de l'État de droit.
[1] Rôle et droits des victimes dans le système de justice pénale. Justice pénale. 2018
[2] Justice : l'évolution du statut de la victime dans la procédure pénale. . Eclairage. 201
La présomption d'innocence et la problématique des libertés individuelles en droit pénal Marocain
Get PDFThe right to a fair trial is a fundamental principle of Moroccan criminal law, based on the protection of individual freedoms and human rights. Legal protections for the right to a fair trial in Morocco are enshrined in the country's constitution, which guarantees the presumption of innocence until proven guilty. Despite these challenges, the principles of criminal law expressly enshrined in Moroccan constitutions and the code of criminal procedure help to strengthen the conditions for a fair trial.The principle of presumption of innocence until proven guilty is a universally recognized concept in international law and serves as a fundamental principle in criminal justice systems around the world. Under this principle, those accused of a crime are presumed innocent until proven guilty. The burden of proof is an essential aspect of criminal law, and the evidence presented in a criminal case can have far-reaching consequences for the accused.Proof of the moral element is the issue that seems to raise the fewest difficulties. In the case of offences against physical integrity or committed through recklessness, victims must establish, depending on the case, the harmful result and the causal link with the offence. The judge plays an essential role in assessing the evidence presented by both parties, and in determining whether the prosecution has met its burden of proof. In common law, the burden of proof is generally based on two interrelated principles. The first, octri incumbit probatio, means that the burden of proof lies with the plaintiff; the second, reus in excipendo fit octori, means that the defendant, when he alleges a plea, becomes the plaintiff. Reciprocally, a person claiming to be released must justify the payment or the fact that extinguished his obligation. The Criminal Chamber of the French Court of Cassation has affirmed that a single positive fact is sufficient to constitute an offence. One of the main challenges is political interference in the judicial system, which can undermine the independence of judges and compromise their ability to apply the presumption of innocence impartially. Such interference can lead to unfair trials and convictions, undermining the individual freedoms of the accused. The prosecution or the victim must demonstrate the materiality of the facts. In addition to the constituent elements of the offence, the public prosecutor must also prove the circumstances surrounding the offence. While some of these facts do not seem to raise any difficulties, the doctrine and case law agree that it is up to the public prosecutor to prove, in the case of an attempt, the beginning of execution, which are characterized by the current state of case law
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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